{"id":8424,"date":"2011-05-05T01:58:27","date_gmt":"2011-05-05T00:58:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fjala.shkoder.net\/?p=8424"},"modified":"2011-05-05T01:58:27","modified_gmt":"2011-05-05T00:58:27","slug":"nga-studimi-880-bime-mjeksore-ne-alpet-e-shqiperise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/nga-studimi-880-bime-mjeksore-ne-alpet-e-shqiperise\/","title":{"rendered":"NGA STUDIMI 880 BIM\u00cb MJEKSORE N\u00cb ALPET E SHQIP\u00cbRIS\u00cb"},"content":{"rendered":"

Toksinat vegjetale, efekti i tyre mbi njeriun, kafshet, bimen dhe natyren e mjedisin perreth<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Numer i madh bimesh te verdha sundojne mbi token dhe shfaqin kapacitetin e tyre ndaj kafsheve per t\u2019i njohur ato, me vete sistemet e tyre mbrojtese, qe kane bimet per t\u2019u mbrojtur.<\/p>\n

Mbrojtja e bimeve eshte dy llojesh, fizike e kimike.
\nSistemet fizike jane menyra e ndertimit te trupit, si gjembat, lekura etj. Ndersa sistemet kimike bazohen ne toksinat, qe permbajne ato ne metabolizmat e tyre, duke qene helmuese per kafshe te ndryshme dhe njeriun.<\/p>\n

Rrezikshmeria helmuese eshte gjithmone relative, qe varet jo vetem nga specia e nga mekanizma te ndryshem te thithjes, metabolizmi e sekretimi i tij, por edhe nga sasia e marre ne nje periudhe te caktuar kohe, mosha, gjendja fizike etj.
\nShume toksina te bimeve jane te hidhura. Keshtu, kafshet shpesh here e ndiejne kete gjendje jo te kenaqshme dhe u shmangen bimeve te percaktuara, bile shpesh here i njohin me mire se sa ne. Ketu bejne pjese era e ngjyra, qe e bejne kafshen te mbrohet nga ato bime, qe paraqesin rrezikshmeri toksike.<\/p>\n

Keshtu, p.sh., bimen atropa belladonna kafshet e njohin nga sythet e saj, qe jane te bashkuara, ngjyra dhe toksinat e saj. Prandaj ato i ruhen helmimit nga alkaloidi i tropanit, qe eshte helmues per kafshet. Ndersa zogjet i marrin si ushqim sythet e saj, qe nuk jane helmues. Duke e toleruar kete alkaloid, i marrin dhe i trasportojne berthamat e kesaj bime.
\nPersa i perket toksinave bimore, mund te klasifikohen ne dy klasa te medha: 1)qe permbajn azot dhe 2) qe nuk permbajne azot.<\/p>\n

1.-Klasa e toksinave qe permbajne azot ne bime<\/strong><\/p>\n

Klasa e komponimeve Shembull toksine Fuqia toksike.<\/p>\n

Aminacidi jo proteinike L-DOPA Per insektet
\nGlukozidicianogjeni Linamarina Universale
\nGlukosinolati Sinigrina Per lopet dhe insektet
\nAlcaloidi Atropina Per mamifere
\ne jo per zogjet
\nPeptici Viskotosina Per te gjitha kafshet, perjashtohen zogjet. Kafshet
\nPerjashtohen zogjet
\nProteine Aprina per njeriun.<\/p>\n

2.-Klasa e toksinave, qe nuk permbajne azot ne bime<\/strong><\/p>\n

Klasa e komponimeve Shembull toksine Fuqia toksike<\/p>\n

Iridoidi Aukubina Per insektet e zogjet.
\nLaktonet seskujterpenike Imenovina Per lopet dhe insektet.
\nGlukozitet kardiake Ouabina Per njeriun.
\nSaponine Acidi medikageniko Per insektet e
\npeshqit
\nFuranokumarina Xantotoxina
\nIsoflavonoidi Rotenone Per insektet , mamiferet.
\ninsektet dhe peshqit
\nKinoni Ipericina Per mamiferet
\ne lopet.
\nPoliacetileni Enantetosina Per mamiferet
\nAflotosina Aflotosin B e zogjet<\/p>\n

Ndermjet toksinave azotike, te pranishme ne bime, me shume se 300 struktura te ndryshme jane ato qe hyjne ne klasen e aminoacideve dhe 20 jane ato qe hyjne ne perberjen e proteines. Toksinat e kesaj natyre jane produkte te metabolizmit te shume bimeve, por ve\u00e7enerisht jane te perqendruara ne leguminozet.<\/p>\n

Nje klase tjeter toksinash, te prejardhura nga bimet, jane ndertuar nga glukozidet cianogjenike, te cilat nuk jane pikerisht toksina. Por ato behen toksina, kur hyjne ne organizem, duke liruar enzimen e perbere nga acidi cianhidrik. Toksina me te shumta te klases azotike jane alcaloidet. Kjo klase ka mira strukture dhe deri me sot njihen rreth 3.000\u2019 alcaloide te ndryshme, ne 205 bime. Ne tosinat jo te azotuara, me te rendesishmet jane ato te ndertuara nga glukozitet kardiake e saponinat. Te parat reagojne direkt ne zemer dhe saponinat kane veti te fuqishme hemolitike.<\/p>\n

Bashkeveprimi i bimeve e kafsheve, nepermjet toksinave, paraqet nje kompleks te madh. Jane shume shembuj ne natyre, qe deshmojne se perdorimi i nje toksine krijon nje evolucion ndermjet bimeve e insekteve. P.sh., flutura grumbullon glukosidet kardiake, te familjes Asclepidacea, per t\u2019i perdorur si mbrojtje. Nje shembull tjeter eshte nga bimet senecio, si senecio vulgare e S. Jacobaea, prodhojn, alcaloidi e piroliznidici, qe jane toksike per kafshet etj.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Toksinat vegjetale, efekti i tyre mbi njeriun, kafshet, bimen dhe natyren e mjedisin perreth. Numer i madh bimesh te verdha sundojne mbi token dhe shfaqin kapacitetin e tyre ndaj kafsheve per t\u2019i njohur ato, me vete sistemet e tyre mbrojtese, qe kane bimet per t\u2019u mbrojtur. Mbrojtja e bimeve eshte dy llojesh, fizike e kimike. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nNGA STUDIMI 880 BIM\u00cb MJEKSORE N\u00cb ALPET E SHQIP\u00cbRIS\u00cb - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/nga-studimi-880-bime-mjeksore-ne-alpet-e-shqiperise\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"NGA STUDIMI 880 BIM\u00cb MJEKSORE N\u00cb ALPET E SHQIP\u00cbRIS\u00cb - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Toksinat vegjetale, efekti i tyre mbi njeriun, kafshet, bimen dhe natyren e mjedisin perreth. 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