{"id":5419,"date":"2012-10-17T06:35:41","date_gmt":"2012-10-17T05:35:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fjala.info\/?p=5419"},"modified":"2012-10-17T06:35:41","modified_gmt":"2012-10-17T05:35:41","slug":"mbreteria-e-dardanise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/mbreteria-e-dardanise\/","title":{"rendered":"MBRET\u00cbRIA E DARDANIS\u00cb"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\" MA. Sc. Qazim Namani<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dardan\u00ebt ishin banor\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs s\u00eb sotme.[1] Etimologjia e fjal\u00ebs dardan<\/p>\n

rrjedh\u00eb nga gjuha indoevropiane dardj-a, n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn shqipe dardha (vend i dardhave).[2] Fjala darda \u00ebsht\u00eb fjal\u00eb shqipe q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb dardh\u00eb, n\u00eb trajt\u00ebn dardan-os del se \u00ebsht\u00eb sufiks pellazgjik.[3]<\/p>\n

Sipas arkeologes Edi Shukriu: krijimin e fiseve dardane duhet par\u00eb n\u00eb procesin integrues q\u00eb u zhvillua gjat\u00eb epok\u00ebs s\u00eb bronzit (2100-1100). Sipas saj t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat q\u00eb u ruajt\u00ebn gjat\u00eb historis\u00eb p\u00ebr fiset m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura dardane jan\u00eb: fisi i madh i dardan\u00ebve, galab\u00ebrve, thunat\u00ebve dhe daun\u00ebve.[4]<\/p>\n

Pozit\u00ebn gjeografike dhe strategjike q\u00eb e zot\u00ebronin dardan\u00ebt ishte me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb madhe politike dhe ekonomike p\u00ebr Mesdheun. N\u00ebp\u00ebr territorin e dardan\u00ebve kalonin shum\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme antike, pastaj interesim p\u00ebr tregtar\u00ebt e koh\u00ebs zgjonin pasurit\u00eb minerare dhe punimi i metaleve fisnike t\u00eb arit, argjendit si dhe t\u00eb hekurit, zhvillimi i bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb, blegtoris\u00eb etj. Duke u bazuar n\u00eb k\u00ebta faktor t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm ekonomik dardan\u00ebt luajt\u00ebn rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb ngjarjet politike dhe shoq\u00ebrore q\u00eb zhvilloheshin n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb n\u00eb Gadishullin Ilirik.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Sipas shum\u00eb studiuesve qyteti ma i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb n\u00eb Dardani ishte Damastioni. Ky qytet dardan i nd\u00ebrtuar pran\u00eb minierave t\u00eb argjendit n\u00eb tokat e dyest\u00ebve ishte qend\u00ebr zejtar\u00ebsh dhe e organizimit politik dhe ushtarak t\u00eb dardan\u00ebve.[5] Luan P\u00ebrzhita p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb qytet shkruan se ishte kryeqendra e Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Dardanis\u00eb.[6] Ky qytet p\u00ebrmendet edhe nga autori antik Straboni i cili jep t\u00eb dh\u00ebna se n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb qytet u pren\u00eb edhe monedhat me emrin “Damastion”. Si simbole n\u00eb monedha paraqitet \u00e7ekani i minatorit. Historiani antik Plini shkruan se rrath\u00ebt dhe bylyzyk\u00ebt e arit q\u00eb vinin nga Dardania quheshin me emrin Dardan.[7]<\/p>\n

Dardan\u00ebt kishin nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh t\u00eb skllav\u00ebve-daun\u00ebt t\u00eb cil\u00ebt e punonin tok\u00ebn. Dardan\u00ebt n\u00eb at\u00eb periudh\u00eb kohore u b\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb njohur p\u00ebr prodhimin e djathit, hardhin\u00eb e rrushit, dhjamin e derrit, pijen e njohur Saban\u00eb etj.T\u00eb dardan\u00ebt ishte i njohur p\u00ebr bot\u00ebn antike edhe kultivimi i qenit t\u00eb Sharrit, kuajve, deleve dhe kafsh\u00ebve tjera. Dardan\u00ebt importonin krip\u00eb prej Autoriat\u00ebve dhe Ardiejve.[8]<\/p>\n

Shkrimet e para p\u00ebr dardan\u00ebt jan\u00eb sh\u00ebnimet e historianit romak i shekullit te II para er\u00ebs s\u00eb re, Justinit (Pompe Trogu) me prejardhje nga Narbona e Galis\u00eb dhe bashk\u00eb kohanik i Tit Livit. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb ai jep t\u00eb dh\u00ebna se Filipi i II i Maqedonis\u00eb i kishte n\u00ebnshtruar dardan\u00ebt dhe fqinj\u00ebt tjer\u00eb. Justini (Pompe Trogu) ishte autor i 44 librave t\u00eb titulluara Historit\u00eb e Filipit.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb librat e tij p\u00ebrshkruhen luft\u00ebrat e Maqedonis\u00eb duke filluar nga koha para Filipit t\u00eb II-t\u00eb e deri m\u00eb r\u00ebnien e shtetit Maqedon.[9] Zef Mirdita shkruan se shkrimtari antik Straboni i p\u00ebrmend dy fise dardane: Galabr\u00ebt dhe Thunat\u00ebt, analogjia e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve gjendet n\u00eb jugun e Italis\u00eb. Galabr\u00ebt sipas t\u00eb cil\u00ebve quhet edhe regjioni Calabria dhe Daun\u00ebt n\u00eb Apuli.[10]<\/p>\n

Harta e Dardanise dhe fiseve Galabri dhe Thunatet<\/strong><\/p>\n

Burimet historike d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb se n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb IV para er\u00ebs son\u00eb Dardania p\u00ebrb\u00ebnte nj\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi gjeografike e politike m\u00eb vete.[11] Sipas autorit G\u00ebrka Novak i cili jep t\u00eb dh\u00ebna nga libri \u201cGeografia\u201d e Ptolomeut, dhe shkrimtarit antik Plini ne \u201cStoria natyrale”, por edhe te disa studiuesve te tjer\u00eb del se dardan\u00ebt kan\u00eb jetuar n\u00eb lugin\u00ebn e lumit t\u00eb sot\u00ebm Vardar, n\u00eb Fush\u00ebn e Kosov\u00ebs, n\u00eb lugin\u00ebn e Morav\u00ebs, n\u00eb per\u00ebndim t\u00eb \u00c7a\u00e7akut, t\u00eb Nishav\u00ebs, n\u00eb territorin rreth burimit te lumit Pingus (Pek) dhe shtrih\u00ebshin n\u00eb lindje gjer\u00eb n\u00eb Timachus (Timok). K\u00ebto t\u00eb dh\u00ebna d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb se dardan\u00ebt ishin nj\u00eb popull i madh i cili banonte edhe n\u00eb shekullin e V t\u00eb er\u00ebs son\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb Serbis\u00eb s\u00eb sotme.[12]<\/p>\n

Dardania si mbret\u00ebri u krijua n\u00eb zem\u00ebr t\u00eb Gadishullit Ilirik. N\u00ebp\u00ebr territoret dardane kalonin shum\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme antike. Rruga Lezh\u00eb-Nish ka ekzistuar q\u00eb nga koh\u00ebt e lashta si rrug\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme midis detit dhe trevave malore t\u00eb pasura me minerale. Kjo rrug\u00eb dhe shum\u00eb rrug\u00eb tjera q\u00eb kalonin n\u00ebp\u00ebr Dardani b\u00ebnin lidhjen e skelave t\u00eb Adriatikut me Danubin, Transilvanin\u00eb, fushat pjellore t\u00eb Rumanis\u00eb, t\u00eb Rusis\u00eb jugore etj.[13] Rrug\u00eb tjera me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi q\u00eb mund ti ve\u00e7ojm\u00eb n\u00eb Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Dardanis\u00eb jan\u00eb: rruga q\u00eb vinte nga Tivari, Budva e Kotori dhe zbrite n\u00eb Pej\u00eb, pastaj rrug\u00ebt q\u00eb vinin nga Kroacia n\u00ebp\u00ebr lugin\u00ebn e lumit Ib\u00ebr, duke kaluar n\u00ebp\u00ebr Mitrovic\u00eb, Vushtrri, Ulpian\u00eb, Janjev\u00eb etj. N\u00eb af\u00ebrsi t\u00eb Ulpian\u00ebs kryq\u00ebzoheshin rrug\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb qonin n\u00eb drejtime t\u00eb ndryshme, por \u00ebsht\u00eb me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb ceket se nga Ulpiana p\u00ebrmes Shkupit nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme lidhej me rrug\u00ebn e njohur Via Egnatia.<\/p>\n

Roli politik dhe ushtarak i Dardanis\u00eb filloi t\u00eb rritej pas invadimit t\u00eb kelt\u00ebve n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb Maqedonis\u00eb dhe Peonis\u00eb. Duke e shfryt\u00ebzuar dob\u00ebsimin e maqedon\u00ebve dhe peon\u00ebve, dardan\u00ebt e zgjeruan shtetin e tyre n\u00eb rajonin e Peonis\u00eb. Sipas disa autor\u00ebve dardan\u00ebt zgjerohen deri n\u00eb detin Adriatik dhe n\u00eb detin Jon, duke e mbajtur p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb n\u00eb duart e veta edhe qytetin Epidamnos.[14]<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb III para er\u00ebs s\u00eb re Dardania del n\u00eb sken\u00eb si mbret\u00ebri me nj\u00eb organizim politik dhe ushtarak t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm. Sipas njoftimeve t\u00eb Justinit n\u00eb vitin 279 para er\u00ebs son\u00eb Mbret\u00ebria Dardane i kishte ofruar mbretit t\u00eb Maqedonis\u00eb ndihm\u00ebn prej 20000 luft\u00ebtar\u00ebve p\u00ebr tu mbrojtur nga sulmet e kelt\u00ebve, por mbreti i Maqedonis\u00eb e refuzoi ndihm\u00ebn e ofruar nga dardan\u00ebt. Duke e v\u00ebzhguar situat\u00ebn n\u00eb Maqedoni dardan\u00ebt mor\u00ebn masa mbrojt\u00ebse kund\u00ebr kelt\u00ebve. Kelt\u00ebt pas disfat\u00ebs q\u00eb p\u00ebsuan n\u00eb Greqi provuan t\u00eb kalojn\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr territoret e Dardanis\u00eb por u asgj\u00ebsuan.[15] Pas k\u00ebtyre ngjarjeve p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb prej kat\u00ebr dekadash nuk ka lajme nga autor\u00ebt antik, por mendohet se Mbret\u00ebria Dardane gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kohe u fuqizua edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb duke i zgjeruar kufijt\u00eb e saj n\u00eb veri dhe n\u00eb jug.[16]<\/p>\n

Nga burimet historike m\u00ebsojm\u00eb se Longari \u00ebsht\u00eb sundimtari i par\u00eb dardan q\u00eb ne e njohim nga shkrime e autor\u00ebve antik e i cili n\u00eb vitin 231 para er\u00ebs son\u00eb e \u00e7liroi Paionin\u00eb. Duke e par\u00eb si rrezik forcimin e mbret\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Longarit, maqedonasit mobilizuan shum\u00eb forca ushtarake kund\u00ebr dardan\u00ebve gj\u00eb q\u00eb ndikoi n\u00eb dob\u00ebsimin e vet shtetit t\u00eb Maqedonis\u00eb.[17]<\/p>\n

Dardan\u00ebt n\u00eb vitin 229 para er\u00ebs son\u00eb e shfryt\u00ebzuan gjendjen e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn gjendej Maqedonia dhe i sulmuan tokat e saj. Maqedon\u00ebt me v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi e p\u00ebrballuan k\u00ebt\u00eb sulm gjat\u00eb t\u00eb cilit u vra edhe sundimtari i tyre Demetri II.[18] Pas vrasjes se Demetrit pasardh\u00ebsi i tij Antigon Dozoni i vazhdoi luft\u00ebrat p\u00ebr d\u00ebbimin e dardan\u00ebve nga viset e Maqedonis\u00eb dhe Paionia. Maqedonasit d\u00ebrguan nj\u00eb garnizon t\u00eb fort\u00eb ushtarak p\u00ebr ta marr\u00eb n\u00eb kontroll qytetin me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi strategjike t\u00eb Paionis\u00eb, Bilazora q\u00eb shtrihej n\u00eb lugin\u00ebn e lumit Ankios.[19] Pasardh\u00ebsi i Dozonit, Filipi i V i Maqedonis\u00eb e vazhdoi t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn politik\u00eb kund\u00ebr dardan\u00ebve. N\u00eb vitin 219 para er\u00ebs son\u00eb kur Filipi i V ishte n\u00eb luft\u00eb kund\u00ebr grek\u00ebve n\u00eb Peleponez, ushtria dardane i sulmoi maqedon\u00ebt dhe e \u00e7liroi qytetin Bilazora dhe disa treva tjera t\u00eb Paionis\u00eb.[20]<\/p>\n

Filipi i V e nd\u00ebrpreu luft\u00ebn me grek\u00ebt dhe d\u00ebrgoi ushtrin\u00eb p\u00ebr ta marr\u00eb n\u00eb kontroll\u00eb Bilazor\u00ebn. N\u00eb vitin 211 prap\u00eb Filipi e d\u00ebrgoi ushtrin\u00eb e tij p\u00ebr ta pushtuar qytetin Sintia n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn jug-p\u00ebrendimore t\u00eb Dardanis\u00eb.[21] N\u00eb vitin 209 Filipi i V i Maqedonis\u00eb e pushtoi prap qytetin strategjike Bilazora. Dardan\u00ebt n\u00eb aleanc\u00eb me Areopin, sovran i nj\u00eb rajoni Ilir\u00eb e sulmuan Maqedonin\u00eb. Dardan\u00ebt e pushtuan Orestid\u00ebn duke dep\u00ebrtuar deri te fushat e Argeas. Gjat\u00eb k\u00ebtij sulmi dardan\u00ebt mor\u00ebn me vete 20.000 rob\u00ebr lufte.[22]<\/p>\n

Mbret\u00ebria e Dardanis\u00eb i p\u00ebrballoi t\u00eb gjitha fushatat ushtarake q\u00eb nd\u00ebrmori Maqedonia n\u00eb fund t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb III-t\u00eb dhe n\u00eb vitin 200 para e.s. ajo q\u00ebndronte e fuqishme n\u00eb kufijt\u00eb e saj historik\u00eb.[23] Dardan\u00ebt lidh\u00ebn aleanc\u00eb me romak\u00ebt dhe mor\u00ebn pjes\u00eb n\u00eb luft\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb romako-maqedone. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb q\u00ebllim Bato, djali i mbretit Longar shkoi p\u00ebr t\u00eb biseduar n\u00eb kampin e konsullit romak Galba.[24]<\/p>\n

N\u00eb ver\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 197 para e.r. Filipi V e d\u00ebrgoi nj\u00eb forc\u00eb ushtarake prej 6000 k\u00ebmb\u00ebsor\u00ebsh dhe 500 kalor\u00ebsish kund\u00ebr dardan\u00ebve te qyteti Stobi dhe i mundi ata. Filipi V e d\u00ebrgoi nj\u00eb delegacion te bastarn\u00ebt tej Danubit q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb aleanc\u00eb p\u00ebr ta shkat\u00ebrruar popullin dardan.[25]<\/p>\n

Q\u00ebllimi i Filipit ishte q\u00eb ti zhdukte dardan\u00ebt dhe ti vendoste bastarn\u00ebt n\u00eb tokat dardane. Fal\u00eb strategjis\u00eb ushtarake q\u00eb e zbatuan dardan\u00ebt duke e ndar\u00eb ushtrin\u00eb n\u00eb dy formacione n\u00eb betej\u00eb kund\u00ebr sulmit t\u00eb bastarn\u00ebve arrit\u00ebn q\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 176 para e.r. t\u00eb largojn\u00eb ushtrin\u00eb bastarne prej 30.000 vetash nga Dardania.[26]<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 172 par e.r. mbreti maqedon Perseu u vu n\u00eb krye t\u00eb ushtris\u00eb s\u00eb tij dhe e sulmoi Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Dardanis\u00eb. Kjo ishte nj\u00eb fitore e p\u00ebrkohshme p\u00ebr maqedonasit dhe nuk i tronditi shum\u00eb dardan\u00ebt. Dardan\u00ebt n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb forcuan miq\u00ebsin\u00eb me shtetin Ilir n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet t\u00eb martes\u00ebs s\u00eb Etut\u00ebs, bij\u00ebs s\u00eb mbretit Monum me mbretin ilir Gentin.[27]<\/p>\n

Genti n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb udh\u00ebhiqte politik\u00eb anti romake dhe u ofrua me shtetin maqedonas.<\/p>\n

Dardan\u00ebt, Etiol\u00ebt dhe Penest\u00ebt p\u00ebrkrahnin romak\u00ebt kund\u00ebr maqedon\u00ebve. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb aleanc\u00eb edhe pse dardan\u00ebt mor\u00ebn pjes\u00eb n\u00eb koalicion me romak\u00ebt dhe p\u00ebrfundimisht e mund\u00ebn Maqedonin\u00eb, dardan\u00ebt nuk e mor\u00ebn Paionin\u00eb. Romak\u00ebt nuk ia dhan\u00eb Paionin\u00eb Dardanis\u00eb por dardan\u00ebve ju dha e drejta q\u00eb t\u00eb tregtonin krip\u00eb.[28]<\/p>\n

Pas pushtimit t\u00eb Peonis\u00eb dhe Maqedonis\u00eb nga romak\u00ebt, ndryshuan marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet mes dardan\u00ebve dhe romak\u00ebve. Pas largimit t\u00eb skordisk\u00ebve t\u00eb cil\u00ebt me sulme t\u00eb shpeshta e kishin dob\u00ebsuar mjaft\u00eb Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Dardanis\u00eb, dardan\u00ebt u radhit\u00ebn s\u00eb bashku me med\u00ebt n\u00eb luft\u00eb kund\u00ebr romak\u00ebve.[29] Romak\u00ebt n\u00eb vitet 97 e 85 para e. re. i sulmuan dardan\u00ebt dhe med\u00ebt, por p\u00ebrfunduan me humbje.[30] N\u00eb vitin 84 para e.s. dardan\u00ebt mor\u00ebn pjes\u00eb n\u00eb luft\u00eb s\u00eb bashku me fiset tjera t\u00eb Gadishullit Ilirik dhe i sulmuan romak\u00ebt n\u00eb provinc\u00ebn romake t\u00eb Maqedonis\u00eb, duke arritur deri n\u00eb Delf.[31]<\/p>\n

Roma duke e par\u00eb si rrezik n\u00eb rajon fuqin\u00eb e dardan\u00ebve e d\u00ebrgoi konzullin Gai Skribon Kurionin n\u00eb provinc\u00ebn romake t\u00eb Maqedonis\u00eb s\u00eb bashku me pes\u00eb legjione ushtarake romake q\u00eb ti n\u00ebnshtronin dardan\u00ebt. Nj\u00ebri nga pes\u00eb legjionet ushtarake romake duke e par\u00eb si ekspedit\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb kund\u00ebr dardan\u00ebve, kund\u00ebrshtuan t\u00eb marrin pjes\u00eb n\u00eb luft\u00eb dhe u ngrit\u00ebn n\u00eb kryengritje. Kurioni me kat\u00ebr legjionet e sjellura nga Roma dhe ushtrin\u00eb romake q\u00eb ndodhej n\u00eb Maqedoni e sulmoi Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Dardanis\u00eb. Nga burimet e m\u00ebvonshme u kuptua se ushtria romake u soll mizorisht me dardan\u00ebt. Kurioni me ushtrin\u00eb e tij arriti deri n\u00eb Danub.[32]<\/p>\n

Edhe pas k\u00ebsaj ekspedite t\u00eb fuqishme ushtarake nuk ndodhi n\u00ebnshtrimi i plot\u00eb i dardan\u00ebve. Dardan\u00ebt hyn\u00eb n\u00eb disa detyrime kundrejt romak\u00ebve. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb gjendje dardan\u00ebt edhe m\u00eb von\u00eb vazhduan ta kund\u00ebrshtojn\u00eb politik\u00ebn pushtuese t\u00eb Rom\u00ebs. Dardan\u00ebt ju kund\u00ebrv\u00ebn\u00eb sundimit t\u00eb plot\u00eb romak dhe e shkat\u00ebrruan ushtrin\u00eb e prokonsullit Hibrida (koleg\u00eb me Ciceronin) i cili kishte hy n\u00eb Dardani p\u00ebr t\u00eb pla\u00e7kitur. Fitorja dardane ndaj Hibrid\u00ebs pat\u00eb jehon\u00eb edhe n\u00eb senatin romak.[33]<\/p>\n

Ciceroni m\u00eb von\u00eb e akuzoi prokonsullin L. Kalpurnie Pizonin q\u00eb u la thesal\u00ebve dhe dardan\u00ebv ta pla\u00e7kitin dhe shkat\u00ebrronin Maqedonin\u00eb, pasi q\u00eb u shiti paqen me t\u00eb holla.[34] Kalor\u00ebsit<\/p>\n

dardan n\u00eb vitin 48 para e. s. mor\u00ebn pjes\u00eb n\u00eb luft\u00ebn e triumvir\u00ebve, duke marr\u00eb an\u00ebn e Pompeut kund\u00ebr Cezarit.[35]<\/p>\n

Mark Antoni n\u00eb vitin 38 para e. s\u00eb re. e d\u00ebrgoi ushtrin\u00eb e tij q\u00eb t\u00eb luftonte kund\u00ebr dardan\u00ebve. N\u00eb vitin 29 para.e.re. Mark Krasi pasi luftoi kund\u00ebr dak\u00ebve dhe bastarn\u00ebve e nisi luft\u00ebn edhe kund\u00ebr dardan\u00ebve.[36] Pas luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Mezis\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 28 para e,s\u00eb re. romak\u00ebt fatin e Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Dardanis\u00eb e lidh\u00ebn me provinc\u00ebn e ardhshme romake t\u00eb Mezis\u00eb.[37] Me k\u00ebt\u00eb romak\u00ebt p\u00ebrfundimisht e n\u00ebnshtruan Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Dardanis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

LITERATURA<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Aleksand\u00ebr Stip\u00e7eviq, Historia, jeta, kultura, simbolet e kultit, Prishtin\u00eb, 1990.
\n2. Edi Shukriu, Dardania Antike, Prishtin\u00eb, 2004.
\n3. Edi Shukriu, Kosova Antike, Prishtin\u00eb, 2004.
\n4. G\u00ebrka Novak, Revista kulturore,\u201cP\u00ebrparimi\u201d, nr.1, viti XVI, Prishtin\u00eb, 1970.
\n5. Historia e Popullit Shqiptar I, Tiran\u00eb, 2002.
\n6. Ilir\u00ebt dhe Iliria te autor\u00ebt antike, Prishtin\u00eb, 1979.
\n7. Jovan Adami, Rrug\u00ebt dhe objektet arkeologjike n\u00eb Shqipri, Tiran\u00eb, 1983.
\n8. Kristo Frash\u00ebri, Historia e Qytetrimit shqiptar, Tiran\u00eb, 2008.
\n9. Luan P\u00ebrzhita, Mbret\u00ebria Dardane, Tiran\u00eb, 2009.
\n10. Spiro Kondo, Shqiptar\u00ebt dhe problemi pellazgjik, Tiran\u00eb, 1964.
\n11. Zef Mirdita, Studime Dardane, Prishtin\u00eb, 1979.<\/p>\n

Tekst-studiues nga Mr. Qazim Namani-Ilustroi dhe e p\u00ebrshtati p\u00ebr botim nga Asllan Dibrani<\/p>\n

———-<\/p>\n

[1] Edi Shukriu, Kosova Antike, Prishtin\u00eb, 2004, fq.42
\n[2] Po aty, fq 42
\n[3] Spiro Kondo, Shqiptar\u00ebt dhe problemi pellazgjik, Tiran\u00eb, 1964, fq. 248
\n[4] Edi Shukriu, Kosova Antike, Prishtin\u00eb, fq.42
\n[5] Po aty fq.28
\n[6] Luan P\u00ebrzhita, Mbret\u00ebria Dardane, Tiran\u00eb, 2009, fq. 27
\n[7] Po aty fq.28
\n[8] Edi Shukriu, Kosova Antike, Prishtin\u00eb, 2004, fq. 81
\n[9] Ilir\u00ebt dhe Iliria te autor\u00ebt antike, Prishtin\u00eb, 1979, fq.290
\n[10] Zef Mirdita, Studime Dardane, Prishtin\u00eb, 1979, fq. 22
\n[11] Historia e popullit shqiptar\u00eb I , Tiran\u00eb, 2002, fq. 145
\n[12] G\u00ebrka Novak, Revista kulturore,\u201cP\u00ebrparimi\u201d, nr.1, viti XVI, Prishtin\u00eb, 1970, fq.39
\n[13] Jovan Adami, Rrug\u00ebt dhe objektet arkeologjike n\u00eb Shqipri, Tiran\u00eb, 1983, fq. 37
\n[14] Aleksand\u00ebr Stip\u00e7eviq, Historia jeta kultura, simbolet e kultit, Prishtin\u00eb, 1990, fq.51
\n[15] Historia e Popullit Shqiptar I, Tiran\u00eb, 2002, fq 145
\n[16] Po aty, fq, 145
\n[17] Luan P\u00ebrzhita, Mbret\u00ebria Dardane, Tiran\u00eb, 2009, fq.29
\n[18] Historia e Popullit Shqiptar I, Tiran\u00eb, 2002, fq. 146
\n[19] Po aty, fq. 146
\n[20] Po aty fq. 146
\n[21] Po aty. fq. 147
\n[22] Edi Shukriu, Dardania Antike, Prishtin\u00eb, 2004, fq.72
\n[23] Kristo Frash\u00ebri, Historia e Qytetrimit shqiptar, Tiran\u00eb, 2008, fq.27
\n[24] Edi Shukriu, Dardania Antike, Prishtin\u00eb, 2004, fq.72
\n[25] Po aty, fq. 72
\n[26] Luan P\u00ebrzhita, Mbret\u00ebria e Dardanis\u00eb, Tiran\u00eb, 2008, fq.33
\n[27] Historia e popullit shqiptar I, Tiran\u00eb, 2002, fq.149
\n[28] Po aty, fq. 149
\n[29] Po aty. Fq. 151
\n[30] Po aty, fq. 151
\n[31] Po aty, fq. 151
\n[32] Po aty, fq. 152
\n[33] Edi Shukriu, Dardania Antike, Prishtin\u00eb, 2004, fq. 75<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

MA. Sc. Qazim Namani Dardan\u00ebt ishin banor\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs s\u00eb sotme.[1] Etimologjia e fjal\u00ebs dardan rrjedh\u00eb nga gjuha indoevropiane dardj-a, n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn shqipe dardha (vend i dardhave).[2] Fjala darda \u00ebsht\u00eb fjal\u00eb shqipe q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb dardh\u00eb, n\u00eb trajt\u00ebn dardan-os del se \u00ebsht\u00eb sufiks pellazgjik.[3] Sipas arkeologes Edi Shukriu: krijimin e fiseve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-5419","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-artikuj"},"yoast_head":"\nMBRET\u00cbRIA E DARDANIS\u00cb - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/mbreteria-e-dardanise\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MBRET\u00cbRIA E DARDANIS\u00cb - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"MA. 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