{"id":4319,"date":"2010-10-14T10:45:34","date_gmt":"2010-10-14T09:45:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fjala.shkoder.net\/?p=4319"},"modified":"2010-10-14T10:45:34","modified_gmt":"2010-10-14T09:45:34","slug":"alfred-nobel-ne-109-vjetorin-e-lindjes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/alfred-nobel-ne-109-vjetorin-e-lindjes\/","title":{"rendered":"Alfred Nobel&#8230; n\u00eb 109-vjetorin e lindjes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>&#8220;Nobel&#8221;, nderimi m\u00eb i lart\u00eb n\u00eb shkenc\u00eb, let\u00ebrsi, paqe dhe ekonomi<\/strong><br \/>\nN\u00eb 10 dhjetor t\u00eb k\u00ebtij viti \u00e7mimi &#8220;Nobel&#8221; feston 109-vjetorin e lindjes. Certifikata, medalja e art\u00eb dhe \u00e7eku me vler\u00eb rreth 1 milion euro do t\u00eb p\u00ebrcillen nga duart e mbret\u00ebrve t\u00eb Suedis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb Norvegjis\u00eb tek ata q\u00eb &#8211; sipas p\u00ebrcaktimit t\u00eb testamentit t\u00eb hartuesit t\u00eb k\u00ebtij \u00e7mimi &#8211; me zbulimet dhe pun\u00ebn e tyre i kan\u00eb sjell\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit dobin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe. M\u00eb shum\u00eb se 320 laureat\u00eb t\u00eb fushave t\u00eb shkenc\u00ebs, let\u00ebrsis\u00eb, ekonomis\u00eb dhe paqes kan\u00eb provuar deri m\u00eb tani shijen e mrekullueshme t\u00eb nderimit me \u00e7mimin m\u00eb prestigjioz t\u00eb bot\u00ebs.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Po cili ishte njeriu q\u00eb i dha emrin, nderin dhe pasurin\u00eb k\u00ebtij \u00e7mimi?<br \/>\n<\/strong>&#8220;Nj\u00eb gjysmak i mjer\u00eb t\u00eb cilin duart miq\u00ebsore t\u00eb mjekut do t\u00eb kishin b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb ta kishin mbytur kur me ul\u00ebrimat e para ai paralajm\u00ebroi ardhjen n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb bot\u00eb. Meritat m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha: thonjt\u00eb e gishtave gjithnj\u00eb t\u00eb past\u00ebr dhe fakti q\u00eb kurr\u00eb nuk i ra n\u00eb qaf\u00eb njeriu. Gabimet m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha: mungesa e familjes, humori dhe stomaku i keq. Pretendimi i vet\u00ebm dhe m\u00eb i madhi: t\u00eb mos varroset i gjall\u00eb. M\u00ebkati m\u00eb i madh: Gjunj\u00ebzimi ndaj paras\u00eb. Gj\u00ebrat q\u00eb i kan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb kuptim jet\u00ebs: asnj\u00eb&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00ebshtu e perifrazon vetveten Alfred Bernhard Nobel. &#8220;Gjysmaku i mjer\u00eb&#8221; ka lindur m\u00eb 21 tetor t\u00eb vitit 1833 si djali i tret\u00eb i nj\u00eb arkitekti dhe inxhinieri nd\u00ebrtimi n\u00eb Stokholm. F\u00ebmij\u00ebrin\u00eb ai e kalon m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti n\u00eb varf\u00ebri pas falimentimit t\u00eb babait dhe largimit t\u00eb tij n\u00eb St. Petersburg n\u00eb vitin 1938. E \u00ebma, Andriette, q\u00ebndroi me tet\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e familjes n\u00eb Stokholm dhe krahas pun\u00ebs n\u00eb nj\u00eb dyqan t\u00eb vog\u00ebl qum\u00ebshti e perimesh, t\u00eb vegjlit e saj shisnin shkrep\u00ebse n\u00eb rrug\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar jetes\u00ebn. N\u00eb vitin 1842, familja transferohet n\u00eb St. Petersburg pas suksesit q\u00eb i ati kishte arritur me hapjen e nj\u00eb ofi\u00e7ine mekanike ku ishin pun\u00ebsuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb se rreth 1000 veta.<\/p>\n<p>Duket se kishte ardhur koha q\u00eb gjenet e familjes pasardh\u00ebse t\u00eb Olof Rubek &#8211; shkenc\u00ebtarit m\u00eb t\u00eb njohur suedez t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 17 n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e teknik\u00ebs &#8211; t\u00eb &#8220;viheshin n\u00eb pun\u00eb&#8221; p\u00ebr t\u00eb shprehur edhe nj\u00eb her\u00eb gjenialitetin e tyre. K\u00ebshtu, i ati i Nobelit pasurin\u00eb e v\u00ebn\u00eb e p\u00ebrdori p\u00ebr t\u2019u dh\u00ebn\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve shkollimin m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb me m\u00ebsues privat\u00eb nd\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb njohurit n\u00eb: matematik\u00eb, fizik\u00eb, kimi, let\u00ebrsi, histori, filozofi, rusisht, fr\u00ebngjisht, anglisht dhe gjermanisht.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 17-vje\u00e7are Alfred Nobel nd\u00ebrmerr nj\u00eb udh\u00ebtim 2-vje\u00e7ar studimor n\u00eb Gjermani, Franc\u00eb, Itali dhe SHBA. Gjat\u00eb q\u00ebndrimit n\u00eb Paris, Nobeli p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb &#8220;kontaktoi&#8221; nj\u00eb substanc\u00eb t\u00eb l\u00ebngshme q\u00eb do t\u00eb ndryshonte m\u00eb von\u00eb jet\u00ebn e tij dhe t\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb: nitroglicerin\u00ebn \u2013 l\u00ebnd\u00ebn e lart\u00eb eksplozive t\u00eb zbuluar nga k\u00ebrkuesi italian, Asciano Sobrero.<\/p>\n<p>Pas kthimit n\u00eb St. Petersburg, ai nisi pun\u00eb n\u00eb firm\u00ebn e t\u00eb atit s\u00eb bashku me t\u00eb v\u00ebllez\u00ebrit, por shum\u00eb shpejt u detyrua ta nd\u00ebrpriste at\u00eb pas falimentimit si rrjedhoj\u00eb e luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Krimes\u00eb. Prind\u00ebrit rikthehen n\u00eb Suedi, nd\u00ebrsa v\u00ebllez\u00ebrit u munduan t\u00eb shp\u00ebtonin \u00e7\u2019kishte mbetur nga firma. Viti 1860 sh\u00ebnon edhe fillimin e karrier\u00ebs s\u00eb Nobelit me patentimin e l\u00ebnd\u00ebve shp\u00ebrthyese, gj\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb arrinte kulmin me zbulimin e tij m\u00eb t\u00eb madh n\u00eb vitin 1867: at\u00eb t\u00eb dinamitit.<\/p>\n<p>Nobeli zot\u00ebronte m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 90 fabrika prodhimi l\u00ebnd\u00ebsh shp\u00ebrthyese n\u00eb 5 kontinente; firma dhe laborator\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 20 shtete; 350 patentime mbanin emrin e tij. E megjithat\u00eb, zbuluesi i madh gjente koh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkruar drama dhe poezi, si dhe mendonte seriozisht t\u2019i dedikohej let\u00ebrsis\u00eb si shkrimtar. V\u00ebllez\u00ebrit e mbetur n\u00eb Rusi investuan shuma t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb industrin\u00eb e naft\u00ebs dhe mbi t\u00eb gjitha n\u00eb Baku dhe Azerbajxhan. Ata nd\u00ebrtuan t\u00eb parat linja t\u00eb rezerv\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb naft\u00ebs n\u00eb bot\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lindja e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb e \u00e7mimit &#8220;Nobel&#8221;?<\/strong><br \/>\nN\u00eb vitin 1890, Nobeli &#8211; njeriu i konsideruar si m\u00eb i pasuri i Europ\u00ebs s\u00eb at\u00ebhershme &#8211; u vendos n\u00eb San Remo. K\u00ebtu ai p\u00ebrpiloi dhe n\u00ebnshkroi n\u00eb vitin 1895 testamentin e famsh\u00ebm t\u00eb \u00e7mimeve &#8220;Nobel&#8221;. N\u00eb 10 dhjetor t\u00eb vitit 1896 Alfred Nobeli u largua nga kjo bot\u00eb me shpres\u00ebn se ideja e hedhur n\u00eb testament do t\u00eb merrte jet\u00eb duke nderuar n\u00eb \u00e7do p\u00ebrvjetor t\u00eb vdekjes s\u00eb tij njer\u00ebz t\u00eb shquar t\u00eb fushave t\u00eb ndryshme. Dhe k\u00ebt\u00eb &#8220;lindje t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb&#8221; mundi ta realizonte vet\u00ebm asistenti dhe njeriu i ngarkuar me rregullimin e \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve trash\u00ebgimore t\u00eb pasuris\u00eb s\u00eb Nobelit: Ragnar Sohlman.<\/p>\n<p>Sot &#8211; kur ky \u00e7mim konsiderohet si m\u00eb prestigjiozi n\u00eb bot\u00eb &#8211; mund t\u00eb duket e \u00e7uditshme q\u00eb ekzistenca e tij t\u00eb vihej n\u00eb pik\u00ebpyetje vet\u00ebm sepse Nobeli nuk u k\u00ebshillua me ndonj\u00eb jurist n\u00eb hartimin e testamentit duke l\u00ebn\u00eb shum\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb hapura. N\u00eb testament ishte p\u00ebrcaktuar se p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve, pasuria e l\u00ebn\u00eb prej Nobelit do t\u2019i kalonte nj\u00eb fondacioni q\u00eb do t\u00eb nderonte \u00e7do vit ata q\u00eb i kan\u00eb sjell\u00eb bot\u00ebs dobin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe me zbulimet e tyre. Interesat q\u00eb rridhnin nga pasuria e depozituar n\u00eb banka do t\u00eb ndaheshin n\u00eb 5 pjes\u00eb t\u00eb barabarta: p\u00ebr ata q\u00eb kishin b\u00ebr\u00eb zbulimin m\u00eb t\u00eb madh n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e fizik\u00ebs, kimis\u00eb, mjek\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb kishte dh\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb. S\u00eb fundi, p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb ka ndikuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr v\u00ebllaz\u00ebrimin e popujve dhe t\u00eb sigurimit t\u00eb paqes. Vet\u00ebm m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb nderoheshin, qofshin ata suedez\u00eb apo jo.<\/p>\n<p>E me gjith\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktim nga pik\u00ebpamja juridike ekzistonin shum\u00eb probleme p\u00ebr t\u00b4u zgjidhur si p.sh: legjislacioni i kujt shteti do t\u00eb merrej parasysh duke qen\u00eb se Nobel kishte punuar e jetuar n\u00eb vende t\u00eb ndryshme, po nuk rezultonte askund i regjistruar? Si do t\u00eb ishin raportet e fondacionit n\u00eb raport me institutet (&#8220;Karolinska Institut&#8221; (Mjek\u00ebsi), Akademia e Shkencave Suedeze (Kimi dhe Fizik\u00eb), Akademia Suedeze (Let\u00ebrsi) dhe Parlamenti Norvegjez (Paqe)) q\u00eb do t\u00eb zgjidhnin laureat\u00ebt? Kush do t\u2019i em\u00ebrtonte dhe si do t\u00eb ishin jurit\u00eb?<\/p>\n<p>Dhe s\u00eb fundi, familja e Nobelit mbeti thell\u00ebsisht e zhg\u00ebnjyer nga testamenti. Njeriu i rritur mes varf\u00ebris\u00eb (por q\u00eb u pasurua si askush n\u00eb Europ\u00eb), i mbetur pa f\u00ebmij\u00eb, gjithnj\u00eb i s\u00ebmur\u00eb dhe mizantrop ia la gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb kishte fituar fondacionit t\u00eb tij: familja dhe t\u00eb af\u00ebrmit nuk mund t\u00eb g\u00ebzonin dot asgj\u00eb. Natyrisht q\u00eb ankesat, grindjet dhe zhg\u00ebnjimi do t\u00eb d\u00ebgjoheshin gjat\u00eb &#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Por me vullnetin dhe k\u00ebmb\u00ebnguljen e hekurt, Sohlman arriti t\u00eb kap\u00ebrcente t\u00eb gjitha pengesat juridike dhe t\u00eb siguronte gjith\u00e7ka duhej. N\u00eb vitin 1901 nisi udh\u00ebn historia aq e nderuar e \u00e7mimit &#8220;Nobel&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Post Nobel<br \/>\n<\/strong>N\u00eb faqen zyrtare t\u00eb \u00e7mimeve \u201cNobel\u201d ekziston edhe nj\u00eb \u00e7mim i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e ekonomis\u00eb &#8220;\u00c7mimi p\u00ebr shkencat ekonomike n\u00eb kujtim t\u00eb Alfred Nobel&#8221;. N\u00eb fakt, donatori i tij \u00ebsht\u00eb banka suedeze &#8220;Sveriges Bank&#8221; dhe ky \u00ebsht\u00eb i vetmi \u00e7mim bashkangjitur Nobel\u00ebve klasik\u00eb, q\u00eb prej vitit 1969.<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8220;Alternativa&#8221; t\u00eb Nobelit<\/strong><br \/>\n\u00c7mimi &#8220;Nobel&#8221; nuk ekziston p\u00ebr shkenc\u00ebn e matematik\u00ebs. P\u00ebr Alfred Nobelin, matematika ishte nj\u00eb shkenc\u00eb teorike. Por edhe matematikan\u00ebt dhe fusha t\u00eb tjera nderojn\u00eb me \u00e7mime t\u00eb ndryshme gjenialitetin e dijetar\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre si p.sh \u00e7mimi &#8220;Fields Medaillle&#8221; n\u00eb matematik\u00eb, apo &#8220;Balzan&#8221; n\u00eb sociologji dhe shkenca politike. Nj\u00eb dit\u00eb para dh\u00ebnies s\u00eb \u00e7mimit \u201cNobel\u201d organizohet dh\u00ebnia e \u00e7mimeve &#8220;Right Livelihood Awar&#8221; p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit dhe organizatat q\u00eb u dedikohen &#8220;Problemeve t\u00eb v\u00ebrteta t\u00eb koh\u00ebs&#8221;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;Nobel&#8221;, nderimi m\u00eb i lart\u00eb n\u00eb shkenc\u00eb, let\u00ebrsi, paqe dhe ekonomi N\u00eb 10 dhjetor t\u00eb k\u00ebtij viti \u00e7mimi &#8220;Nobel&#8221; feston 109-vjetorin e lindjes. Certifikata, medalja e art\u00eb dhe \u00e7eku me vler\u00eb rreth 1 milion euro do t\u00eb p\u00ebrcillen nga duart e mbret\u00ebrve t\u00eb Suedis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb Norvegjis\u00eb tek ata q\u00eb &#8211; sipas p\u00ebrcaktimit t\u00eb testamentit [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4319","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-artikuj"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Alfred Nobel... n\u00eb 109-vjetorin e lindjes - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/alfred-nobel-ne-109-vjetorin-e-lindjes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Alfred Nobel... n\u00eb 109-vjetorin e lindjes - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&#8220;Nobel&#8221;, nderimi m\u00eb i lart\u00eb n\u00eb shkenc\u00eb, let\u00ebrsi, paqe dhe ekonomi N\u00eb 10 dhjetor t\u00eb k\u00ebtij viti \u00e7mimi &#8220;Nobel&#8221; feston 109-vjetorin e lindjes. 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