![\"\"](\"http:\/\/fjala.shkoder.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/10\/enver_robelli.jpg\" "\\"Enver")
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Nga Enver Robelli<\/strong><\/p>\n Historiani zviceran Oliver Jens Schmitt ka shkruar nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr brilant mbi historin\u00eb e Kosov\u00ebs. Analizimi i ngjarjeve, faktet e prezantuara dhe mpreht\u00ebsia e gjykimit e b\u00ebjn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vep\u00ebr jasht\u00ebzakonisht t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr opinionin gjermanofol\u00ebs, t\u00eb cilit i dedikohet, n\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb. Ky lib\u00ebr do duhej t\u00eb p\u00ebrkthehej edhe n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn shqipe<\/p>\n 1. Pingpong shkencor<\/strong><\/p>\n Para disa jav\u00ebsh n\u00eb Prishtin\u00eb q\u00ebndroi Oliver Jens Schmitt, nj\u00eb historian zviceran, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb profesor n\u00eb Universitetin e Vjen\u00ebs. Ai ishte i ftuar nga organizator\u00ebt e Seminarit t\u00eb Gjuh\u00ebs, Let\u00ebrsis\u00eb dhe Kultur\u00ebs Shqiptare, i cili p\u00ebr \u00e7do vit mbahet n\u00eb Prishtin\u00eb. Ndon\u00ebse p\u00ebr cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e disa kumtesave q\u00eb mbahen n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb seminar mund t\u00eb mos kemi ndonj\u00eb mendim entuziast, megjithat\u00eb seminari \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ngjarje me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb madhe kulturore, sepse bashkon shumic\u00ebn e shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve q\u00eb merren me \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs, kultur\u00ebs, let\u00ebrsis\u00eb dhe historis\u00eb s\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve n\u00eb Ballkan dhe m\u00eb gjer\u00eb. Prandaj, ftesa q\u00eb organizator\u00ebt ia b\u00ebn\u00eb Oliver Jens Schmitt-it ishte v\u00ebrtet e q\u00eblluar.<\/p>\n Institucionet kulturore n\u00eb Tiran\u00eb nuk i kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb ftes\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb, p\u00ebr fat t\u00eb keq. N\u00eb Prishtin\u00eb Schmitt foli p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e shkrimit t\u00eb historis\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, p\u00ebr mang\u00ebsit\u00eb e shumta dhe p\u00ebr shum\u00eb fusha q\u00eb ende nuk jan\u00eb trajtuar dhe l\u00ebvruar nga historian\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb. Kritika m\u00eb e ashp\u00ebr dhe gjithsesi e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb q\u00eb Schmitt ua b\u00ebri koleg\u00ebve t\u00eb tij n\u00eb Prishtin\u00eb ishte se shpeshher\u00eb trajtesat e tyre historike i kan\u00eb shkruar si p\u00ebrgjigje ndaj pamfleteve serbe dhe jo si p\u00ebrpjekje serioze shkencore. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera: Mes historian\u00ebve serb\u00eb dhe shqiptar\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb luajtur nj\u00eb lloj pingpongu kuazishkencor me q\u00ebllim q\u00eb argumentet p\u00ebrjashtuese t\u00eb tjetrit t\u00eb goditen stuhish\u00ebm. Natyrisht Schmitt kritik\u00ebn e tij e formuloi me modestin\u00eb dhe kujdesin e njohur, q\u00eb i karakterizon shum\u00eb zviceran\u00eb, sidomos ata t\u00eb qarqeve akademike dhe publicistike.<\/p>\n 2. Sk\u00ebnderbeu<\/strong><\/p>\n Oliver Jens Schmitt \u00ebsht\u00eb autor i biografis\u00eb s\u00eb par\u00eb kritike t\u00eb Sk\u00ebnderbeut. Botimi i k\u00ebtij libri n\u00eb Tiran\u00eb kishte ngjallur debate mjaft t\u00eb ashpra. Intelektual\u00eb senil\u00eb dhe baballar\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebshpallur t\u00eb kombit pa e lexuar fare librin hodh\u00ebn kritika t\u00eb ashpra kund\u00ebr autorit, duke e akuzuar se e kishte njollosur figur\u00ebn e Sk\u00ebnderbeut, sepse kishte p\u00ebrmendur lidhjet e familjes s\u00eb tij me sllav\u00ebt dhe kishte shkruar se nj\u00ebri nga motivet e luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Gjergj Kastriotit kund\u00ebr osman\u00ebve kishte qen\u00eb edhe hakmarrja p\u00ebr shkak se osman\u00ebt ia kishin vrar\u00eb t\u00eb atin. Nuk ia vlen t\u00eb merremi k\u00ebtu me debatin shqiptar q\u00eb u zhvillua lidhur me librin e Schmitt-it p\u00ebr Sk\u00ebnderbeun. Ka ende intelektual\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb bjerradit\u00ebs dhe \u201eaktivist\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjes komb\u00ebtare\u201c q\u00eb v\u00ebrtet besojn\u00eb se kur nj\u00eb historian apo publicist i huaj formulon ndonj\u00eb kritik\u00eb ndaj shqiptar\u00ebve, ai k\u00ebt\u00eb e b\u00ebn me \u201eporosi\u201c t\u00eb Beogradit.<\/p>\n Nuk ia vlen t\u00eb merremi k\u00ebtu as me ata intelektual\u00eb provincial\u00eb t\u00eb Prishtin\u00ebs, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kur Schmitt e mbajti ligj\u00ebrat\u00ebn shprehnin habi se historiani qenka \u201enj\u00eb djal\u00eb i ri\u201c, se po \u201eflitka shum\u00eb mir\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn shqipe\u201c etj. Jo pak historian\u00eb t\u00eb Prishtin\u00ebs preferuan ta bojkotonin ligj\u00ebrat\u00ebn e Schmitt-it. Nj\u00ebri prej tyre deklaroi n\u00eb media se nuk e kishte ndjekur ligj\u00ebrat\u00ebn p\u00ebr shkak se nuk d\u00ebshironte t\u2019i jepte r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi autorit. Kritikat e tilla ndaj Schmitt-it e kan\u00eb shtyr\u00eb madje edhe historianin britanik Noel Malcolm t\u00eb intervenoj\u00eb dhe t\u2019ia t\u00ebrheq v\u00ebmendjen opinionit shpesh injorant shqiptar se Schmitt \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb historian serioz dhe nj\u00ebri prej njoh\u00ebsve m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb historis\u00eb s\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve.<\/p>\n Krahas biografis\u00eb s\u00eb Sk\u00ebnderbeut Schmitt ka shkruar dhe botuar n\u00eb vitin 2008 nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr mbi historin\u00eb e Kosov\u00ebs, vlera e t\u00eb cilit \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e madhe. Gjat\u00eb ligj\u00ebrat\u00ebs s\u00eb Schmitt-it n\u00eb Prishtin\u00eb i vetmi q\u00eb t\u00ebrhoqi v\u00ebmendjen e t\u00eb pranishm\u00ebve mbi r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e k\u00ebtij libri ishte akademik Rexhep Ismajli, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00ebri prej shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb rrall\u00eb t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs q\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm i p\u00ebrcjell, por edhe i lexon botimet mbi \u00e7\u00ebshtjet shqiptare n\u00eb bot\u00ebn per\u00ebndimore. Libri i Schmitt-it i dedikohet, n\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, opinionit t\u00eb interesuar gjermanishtfol\u00ebs, por do t\u00eb ishte shum\u00eb me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi q\u00eb kjo vep\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrkthehej edhe n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn shqipe, sepse \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb brilante e historis\u00eb, e paanshme dhe e shkruar me nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb rrjedhshme, larg vokabularit t\u00eb m\u00ebrzitsh\u00ebm shkencor (ose \u201cfachchinesisch\u201d, si\u00e7 thuhet n\u00eb gjermanisht, pra kinezishte p\u00ebr ekspert\u00eb).<\/p>\n 3. Nj\u00eb trev\u00eb ballkanike<\/strong><\/p>\n Libri i profesor Schmitt-it p\u00ebr historin\u00eb e Kosov\u00ebs mban k\u00ebt\u00eb titull: \u201cKosovo \u2013 Kurze Geschichte einer zentralbalkanischen Landschaft\u201d (n\u00eb shqip: \u201cKosova \u2013 Histori e shkurt\u00ebr e nj\u00eb trev\u00eb qendrore ballkanike\u201d). Autori q\u00eb n\u00eb hyrje t\u00eb librit e shpjegon se nocioni \u201ctrev\u00eb qendrore ballkanike\u201d mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb nj\u00eb formulim t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm t\u00eb historianit Edgar H\u00f6sch, i cili me k\u00ebt\u00eb em\u00ebrtim i p\u00ebrthekon, para s\u00eb gjithash, Bosnj\u00eb-Hercegovin\u00ebn, Serbin\u00eb, Malin e Zi, Kosov\u00ebn, Maqedonin\u00eb, Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb, Bullgarin\u00eb dhe Greqin\u00eb Veriore. N\u00eb lib\u00ebr Kosova nuk trajtohet si zon\u00eb e izoluar, por si trev\u00eb e Ballkanit, e cila gjat\u00eb historis\u00eb ka pasur kufij t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm, fundja, si\u00e7 e theksoi Schmitt edhe gjat\u00eb ligj\u00ebrat\u00ebs n\u00eb Prishtin\u00eb, Kosova n\u00eb kufijt\u00eb e tanish\u00ebm ekziston tek pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. Librit i paraprin\u00eb nj\u00eb paraqitje e imazheve historike t\u00eb serb\u00ebve dhe shqiptar\u00ebve mbi Kosov\u00ebn, imazhe k\u00ebto q\u00eb e p\u00ebrjashtojn\u00eb nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn.<\/p>\n Grindja p\u00ebr at\u00eb se kush ka lindur i pari n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb vazhdon t\u00eb jet\u00eb pjes\u00eb e pandashme e konfliktit serbo-shqiptar. Kjo grindje n\u00eb gjermanisht quhet \u201cStreit um das Erstgeburtsrecht\u201d (grindje p\u00ebr at\u00eb s\u00eb kush ka lindur i pari n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend) dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb nocion i njohur p\u00ebr p\u00ebrshkrimin e konflikteve t\u00eb ngjashme si ky n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. Si\u00e7 u tha, kufijt\u00eb e tanish\u00ebm t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs jan\u00eb skicuar tek pas vitit 1945. Si zon\u00eb administrative Kosova u b\u00eb e njohur tek n\u00eb vitin 1877 me krijimin e Vilajetit t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, i cili p\u00ebrfshinte pjes\u00eb t\u00eb Maqedonis\u00eb, Serbis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb Malit t\u00eb Zi t\u00eb sot\u00ebm. Qend\u00ebr e Vilajetit fillimisht ishte Prishtina, m\u00eb von\u00eb Shkupi. Sipas profesor Schmitt kufiri i sot\u00ebm i Kosov\u00ebs me Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb ishte caktuar n\u00eb vitin 1913 duke pranuar interesat strategjike serbe.<\/p>\n 4. N\u00eb fillim na ishte Dardania<\/strong><\/p>\n Perandoria Romake e pushtoi territorin e Kosov\u00ebs s\u00eb sotme tek n\u00eb vitin 44 pas Krishtit (ose Er\u00ebs s\u00eb Re) dhe u takua me fise t\u00eb ndryshme ilire, prej t\u00eb cil\u00ebve m\u00eb i njohuri ishte fisi i dardan\u00ebve. Gjeograf\u00ebt antik\u00eb dhe historian\u00ebt i p\u00ebrshkruanin dardan\u00ebt si barbar\u00eb: t\u00eb pandersh\u00ebm, t\u00eb eg\u00ebr, por edhe t\u00eb guximsh\u00ebm dhe kryengrit\u00ebs. Perandoria Romake stacionoi nj\u00eb legjion n\u00eb Shkupin e sot\u00ebm dhe filloi t\u00eb rekrutoj\u00eb dardan\u00ebt p\u00ebr ushtrin\u00eb romake. Nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi e till\u00eb u vendos n\u00eb Naissus (n\u00eb Nishin e sot\u00ebm). Perandori romak Mark Aurel i p\u00ebrmend \u201cpla\u00e7kit\u00ebsit dardan\u00eb\u201d. Bashk\u00eb me pushtimin romak filloi edhe kristianizimi i dardan\u00ebve; kjo ndodhte sidomos gjat\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit n\u00eb ushtrin\u00eb romake.<\/p>\n Ai q\u00eb p\u00ebrqafonte fen\u00eb e krishter\u00eb integrohej m\u00eb leht\u00eb n\u00eb Perandori. Schmitt shkruan se p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb burimeve periudha mes p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb sundimit romak (rreth vitit 600) dhe integrimit t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs n\u00eb Perandorin\u00eb Bizantine (1018) \u00ebsht\u00eb pothuaj e pakapshme. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb nuk ka asnj\u00eb d\u00ebshmi t\u00eb pranis\u00eb s\u00eb sllav\u00ebve n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. Supozohet se para shekullit t\u00eb 9-t\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb nuk ka pasur ndonj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb gjer\u00eb administrativ. Po ashtu, sipas Schmitt-it, duhet theksuar se Perandoria Bullgare, e cila shtrihej n\u00eb territorin e Kosov\u00ebs, n\u00eb shekullin e 9-t\u00eb nuk ka qen\u00eb sllave; ajo ishte themeluar nga protobullgar\u00ebt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt flisnin nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb turke. Protobullgar\u00ebt u sllavizuan tek n\u00eb shekullin e 10-t\u00eb. Bizanti e zaptoi rajonin e Kosov\u00ebs n\u00eb vitin 1018, kur tashm\u00eb ishte zhb\u00ebr\u00eb tradita romake dhe gjuha greke tashm\u00eb s\u2019ishte e njohur.<\/p>\n Popullsia i p\u00ebrkiste fes\u00eb ortodokse, por jo tradit\u00ebs s\u00eb saj bizantino-greke, por bullgaro-sllave. P\u00ebr t\u2019u mbrojtur nga sulmet sllave Bizanti vendosi garnizone ushtarake n\u00eb Lipjan dhe Prizren. Kriza e Perandoris\u00eb Bizantine e detyroi at\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebrhiqet drejt jugut. N\u00eb vitet 1093\/94 zhupani serb Vukan pushtoi K\u00ebshtjell\u00ebn e Lipjanit, por pas nj\u00eb kohe ai u detyrua t\u00eb ikte drejt veriut. N\u00eb shekullin e 12-t\u00eb serb\u00ebt arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb dep\u00ebrtojn\u00eb lugin\u00ebs s\u00eb lumit Ib\u00ebr dhe t\u00eb pushtojn\u00eb K\u00ebshtjell\u00ebn e Zveqanit. Deri n\u00eb fund t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 12-t\u00eb serb\u00ebt mbajt\u00ebn veriun, nd\u00ebrsa rrafshin e Kosov\u00ebs e kontrollonin bizantin\u00ebt. Pak a shum\u00eb sikur sot: Serb\u00ebt sundojn\u00eb veriun, n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr qeverisin autoritetet e Prishtin\u00ebs. Tek n\u00eb vitin 1190 serb\u00ebt arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb dep\u00ebrtojn\u00eb deri te Malet e Sharrit. Shkat\u00ebrrimi i Bizantit i mund\u00ebsoi serb\u00ebve q\u00eb p\u00ebr 180 vjet t\u00eb sundojn\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb.<\/p>\n 5. N\u00ebn serb\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n Schmitt thekson se nga pik\u00ebpamja historike sundimi serb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i shkurt\u00ebr, prandaj ai n\u00eb librin e tij k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb nuk e trajton si pushtim imperial. T\u00eb tilla konsiderohen pushtimet romake, bizantine dhe osmane. P\u00ebr serb\u00ebt pushtimi i Kosov\u00ebs dhe Maqedonis\u00eb ishte zbulim i nj\u00eb bote t\u00eb panjohur p\u00ebr ta. Schmitt shkruan se serb\u00ebt e kan\u00eb par\u00eb p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb kultur\u00ebn qytetare bizantine tek pas pushtimit t\u00eb rajoneve t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs dhe Maqedonis\u00eb. P\u00ebr kuror\u00ebn serbe pushtimi i Kosov\u00ebs ishte nj\u00eb shans i mir\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrparim ekonomik, sepse rajoni kishte fusha pjellore dhe miniera argjendi n\u00eb Trep\u00e7\u00eb dhe Novob\u00ebrd\u00eb. E njohur p\u00ebrtej rajonit n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb ishte sidomos Novob\u00ebrda (n\u00eb gjermanisht: Neuberg, n\u00eb italisht: Novomonte), e cila n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb kishte nj\u00eb legjislacion t\u00eb qytetit, gj\u00eb q\u00eb ishte di\u00e7ka e rrall\u00eb n\u00eb Ballkan. Meq\u00eb serb\u00ebt nuk kishin as kapital, as teknologji p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar n\u00eb miniera, ata angazhuan tregtar\u00eb nga Dubrovniku dhe minator\u00eb gjerman\u00eb nga Sllovakia e sotme.<\/p>\n Schmitt shkruan se me zhvillimin ekonomik t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs dhe me p\u00ebrfitimet q\u00eb nxirrnin nga minierat Mbret\u00ebrit serb\u00eb arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb financojn\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e shum\u00eb objekteve fetare n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. P\u00ebrmes k\u00ebtyre nd\u00ebrtimeve serb\u00ebt e asaj kohe lan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb gjurm\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb se sa bizantin\u00ebt. Schmitt n\u00eb trajtimin e k\u00ebsaj periudhe b\u00ebn nj\u00eb dallim t\u00eb qart\u00eb mes dinjitar\u00ebve dhe Mbret\u00ebrve serb\u00eb nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb dhe popullsis\u00eb sllave n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr. Sipas tij nuk ekzistojn\u00eb burime mbi identitetin etnik t\u00eb sllav\u00ebve t\u00eb asaj kohe n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, pra nuk mund t\u00eb thuhet se ata kan\u00eb qen\u00eb (vet\u00ebm) serb\u00eb. Me nj\u00eb fjal\u00eb: Elita ishte padyshim serbe, por kjo nuk mund t\u00eb thuhet pa asnj\u00eb dyshim p\u00ebr popullsin\u00eb fshatare.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Nga Enver Robelli Historiani zviceran Oliver Jens Schmitt ka shkruar nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr brilant mbi historin\u00eb e Kosov\u00ebs. Analizimi i ngjarjeve, faktet e prezantuara dhe mpreht\u00ebsia e gjykimit e b\u00ebjn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vep\u00ebr jasht\u00ebzakonisht t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr opinionin gjermanofol\u00ebs, t\u00eb cilit i dedikohet, n\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb. Ky lib\u00ebr do duhej t\u00eb p\u00ebrkthehej edhe n\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4239","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-artikuj"},"yoast_head":"\n