![\"Eduard](\"http:\/\/www.shkoder.net\/images\/fjala\/zaloshnja.jpg\")
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Nga: EDUARD ZALOSHNJA<\/strong><\/p>\n Shumica d\u00ebrrmuese e t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarve n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri jan\u00eb t\u00eb bindur se, po t\u00eb paguajn\u00eb rregullisht kontributet e sigurimeve oq\u00ebrore, do t\u00eb ken\u00eb n\u00eb dit\u00ebt e vona t\u00eb pleq\u00ebris\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7ad\u00ebr financiare p\u00ebr at\u00eb koh\u00eb me shi. Por shum\u00eb nga ata, fatkeq\u00ebsisht mund t\u00eb ndodhen para nj\u00eb t\u00eb papriture t\u00eb hidhur kur ajo koh\u00eb t\u00eb vij\u00eb.<\/p>\n Pse mund t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb kjo? Sepse sistemi i sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore funksionon sipas parimit: \u201cKontributet e atyre q\u00eb punojn\u00eb, sigurojn\u00eb t\u00eb ardhura p\u00ebr ata q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb pension\u201d. Dhe megjith\u00ebse Shqip\u00ebria konsiderohet aktualisht si vend me popullsi n\u00eb mosh\u00eb relativisht t\u00eb re, ka filluar dhe do t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb prirja e pad\u00ebshiruar e vjet\u00ebrimit t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb edhe tek ne. Pra n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen, do t\u00eb ket\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb pleq p\u00ebr t\u2019u mbajtur me pensione nga sistemi i sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n K\u00ebshtu, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn 1994-2000, pensionist\u00ebt zinin rreth 14-16% t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb, n\u00eb vitin 2009 ata zinin 20%. Dhe kjo p\u00ebrqindje pritet t\u00eb rritet shpejt n\u00eb vitet q\u00eb vijn\u00eb. Dhe bashk\u00eb me t\u00eb rriten dhe problemet e financimit t\u00eb sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore. Sepse n\u00eb vitin 1990, p\u00ebr shembull, \u00e7do 10 t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuar mbanin me kontributet e tyre 3 pensionist\u00eb, kurse aktualisht, 10 t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarve u duhet t\u00eb mbajn\u00eb 8 pensionist\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu, rritja e mosh\u00ebs s\u00eb daljes n\u00eb pension, rritja e p\u00ebrqindjes s\u00eb kontributeve t\u00eb sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore, kalimi i grumbullimit t\u00eb kontributeve n\u00eb organet tatimore (p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur informalitetin n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs) etj, mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb si nj\u00eb qet\u00ebsues i p\u00ebrkohsh\u00ebm, por jo si nj\u00eb kur\u00eb p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrimin p\u00ebrfundimtar t\u00eb sistemit publik t\u00eb pensioneve. \u00cbsht\u00eb kjo arsyeja pse buxhetit t\u00eb shtetit i duhet ta mbaj\u00eb gjall\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sistem me serume t\u00eb forta, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb ai vet\u00eb ka dhe do t\u00eb ket\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr serume t\u00eb tilla edhe p\u00ebr shum\u00eb koh\u00eb.<\/p>\n Duke pasur parasysh sa m\u00eb sip\u00ebr, tridhjet-dyzetvje\u00e7ar\u00ebt q\u00eb shpresojn\u00eb se nes\u00ebr do t\u00eb marrin nj\u00eb pension komod nga Instituti i Sigurimeve Shoq\u00ebrore b\u00ebjn\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb mendojn\u00eb q\u00eb sot p\u00ebr dit\u00ebn kur pensionet s\u2019do t\u2019iu mjaftojn\u00eb as p\u00ebr ushqim, si dhe p\u00ebr dit\u00ebn kur f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tyre t\u00eb martuar nuk do t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje apo s\u2019do t\u00eb ken\u00eb d\u00ebshir\u00eb t\u2019i ndihmojn\u00eb financiarisht. P\u00ebr t\u2019i dal\u00eb k\u00ebsaj t\u00eb keqeje p\u00ebrpara, ata mund t\u2019i hedhin syt\u00eb nga fondet private t\u00eb pensioneve.<\/p>\n N\u00eb vendet me ekonomi tregu t\u00eb zhvilluar, fondet private t\u00eb pensioneve ka koh\u00eb q\u00eb sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb si nj\u00eb suplement i fuqish\u00ebm i fondit t\u00eb sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore, i cili nuk ka perspektiv\u00eb t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb pensione t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqshme n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen. K\u00ebto fonde private, n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, i investojn\u00eb kontributet e individ\u00ebve me kujdes, duke krijuar k\u00ebshtu mund\u00ebsin\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7do kontributor t\u00eb marr\u00eb kur t\u00eb plaket nj\u00eb pension suplementar privat ve\u00e7 atij shtet\u00ebror. Pra, n\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb m\u00ebnyre, kontributet individuale n\u00eb k\u00ebto fonde jan\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme me depozitat q\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb qytetar\u00ebt n\u00eb llogari kursimesh bankare. Por, n\u00eb ndryshim nga k\u00ebto t\u00eb fundit, kontributet n\u00eb fondet e pensioneve nuk tatohen. Nd\u00ebrsa t\u00ebrheqja b\u00ebhet nga depozituesit n\u00eb form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb pensioni suplementar mujor pas nj\u00eb moshe t\u00eb caktuar.<\/p>\n Dhe shtrohet pyetja: \u201cA ka mund\u00ebsi q\u00eb fonde t\u00eb tilla t\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb edhe n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri?\u201d P\u00ebrgjigjia e k\u00ebsaj pyetjeje, fatkeq\u00ebsisht \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb \u201cpo\u201d e mb\u00ebrdhir\u00eb. Ata ndoshta mund ta mposhtin ndrojtjen n\u00eb qoft\u00eb se shteti b\u00ebhet garant i funksionimit t\u00eb ndersh\u00ebm t\u00eb sistemit privat t\u00eb pensioneve. Pra, n\u00eb qoft\u00eb se shqiptar\u00ebt e thjesht\u00eb shohin tek shteti nj\u00eb mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebs serioz t\u00eb k\u00ebtij sistemi, ata mund t\u00eb kandisen t\u00eb depozitojn\u00eb kursimet e tyre n\u00eb fondet private t\u00eb pensioneve. Dhe n\u00eb qoft\u00eb se shteti nd\u00ebrmerr iniciativ\u00ebn e devijimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb pjese t\u00eb kontributeve t\u00eb sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore aktuale n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb fondeve private, pjes\u00ebmarrja e shqiptar\u00ebve t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb n\u00eb skem\u00ebn e pensioneve private mund t\u00eb shtohet akoma m\u00eb tep\u00ebr.<\/p>\n Por, dhe ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb \u201cpor\u201d i madh, forca politike q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb sot n\u00eb fuqi zor se mund t\u00eb p\u00ebr\u00e7oj\u00eb tek shqiptar\u00ebt e thjesht\u00eb imazhin e nj\u00eb garanti t\u00eb ndersh\u00ebm n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet qytetar-fond privat pensioni, nd\u00ebrsa partit\u00eb opozitare nuk duket t\u00eb ken\u00eb oreks p\u00ebr t\u2019u marr\u00eb me t\u00eb ardhmen e larg\u00ebt; ato thjesht k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb rritjen e pensioneve publike p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb vota n\u00eb zgjedhjet e radh\u00ebs.<\/p>\n Nj\u00eb problem tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr funksionimin e suksessh\u00ebm t\u00eb fondeve private t\u00eb pensioneve n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, \u00ebsht\u00eb mungesa e alternativave relativisht t\u00eb sigurta p\u00ebr investim. Aktualisht, kompanit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha q\u00eb jan\u00eb privatizuar ose po privatizohen nuk ofrojn\u00eb aksione t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb burs\u00eb. Si rrjedhim, derisa t\u00eb filloj\u00eb shitblerja e aksioneve t\u00eb kompanive t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb burs\u00eb, investimi m\u00eb i sigurt q\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb fondet private t\u00eb pensioneve mbetet blerja e bonove t\u00eb thesarit. Dhe ky investim nuk sjell m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 8-9% fitim n\u00eb vit, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb rritja e \u00e7mimit mesatar t\u00eb mallrave dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve (ose ndryshe, inflacioni) pritet t\u00eb jet\u00eb 3-4% n\u00eb vit.<\/p>\n N\u00eb k\u00ebto kushte, i bie q\u00eb nj\u00eb dyzetvje\u00e7ar q\u00eb fillon sot t\u00eb kontribuoj\u00eb 2.000 lek\u00eb (20 dollar\u00eb) n\u00eb muaj n\u00eb nj\u00eb fond pensioni privat do t\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rreth 1.2 milion\u00eb lek\u00eb (12.000 dollar\u00eb) t\u00eb patatueshme n\u00eb llogarin\u00eb e tij n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 60 vje\u00e7are. Por kjo shum\u00eb, e cila do t\u00eb filloj\u00eb t\u00eb disbursohet at\u00ebher\u00eb gradualisht n\u00eb form\u00eb pensioni, do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e barazvlefshme vet\u00ebm me 800 mij\u00eb lek\u00eb t\u00eb sotme (8.000 dollar\u00eb), sepse rritja e p\u00ebrvitshme e \u00e7mimeve e ul fuqin\u00eb bler\u00ebse t\u00eb paras\u00eb.<\/p>\n Pavar\u00ebsisht nga v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb e m\u00ebsip\u00ebrme, ata q\u00eb e kuptojn\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e fondeve suplementare t\u00eb pensioneve, duhet t\u2019i b\u00ebjn\u00eb presion politik\u00ebs q\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb nisma ligjore q\u00eb do t\u00eb garantonin nj\u00eb funksionim t\u00eb ndersh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb tilla fondeve, e q\u00eb do t\u00eb krijonin kushte p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebmarrjen e tyre n\u00eb investimet strategjike n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb shqiptare. Dhe n\u00eb qoft\u00eb se kjo p\u00ebrpjekje do t\u00eb ket\u00eb sukses, \u00e7adr\u00ebs s\u00eb shpuar t\u00eb sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore mund t\u2019i vihet nj\u00eb arn\u00eb e mir\u00eb, e cila nuk do ta linte shiun t\u00eb na lag\u00ebte n\u00eb vitet e vona t\u00eb pleq\u00ebris\u00eb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Nga: EDUARD ZALOSHNJA Shumica d\u00ebrrmuese e t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarve n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri jan\u00eb t\u00eb bindur se, po t\u00eb paguajn\u00eb rregullisht kontributet e sigurimeve oq\u00ebrore, do t\u00eb ken\u00eb n\u00eb dit\u00ebt e vona t\u00eb pleq\u00ebris\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7ad\u00ebr financiare p\u00ebr at\u00eb koh\u00eb me shi. Por shum\u00eb nga ata, fatkeq\u00ebsisht mund t\u00eb ndodhen para nj\u00eb t\u00eb papriture t\u00eb hidhur kur ajo […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-3329","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-artikuj"},"yoast_head":"\n
\nMe gjith\u00eb reformat q\u00eb jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb ose synohen t\u00eb b\u00ebhen n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb trysnis\u00eb financiare q\u00eb ushtron plakja graduale e popullsis\u00eb mbi sistemin publik t\u00eb pensioneve, \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb mendohet se ai mund t\u00eb mbijetoj\u00eb n\u00eb pafund\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n
\nHumbja masive e kursimeve n\u00eb skemat piramidale te viteve \u201990 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb eksperienc\u00eb e hidhur q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb shlyhet kollaj nga kujtesa kolektive shqiptare. Dhe me at\u00eb eksperienc\u00eb n\u00eb mendje, shum\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb mund ta ken\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u2019ia besojn\u00eb kursimet e tyre fondeve private t\u00eb pensioneve.<\/p>\n