![\"Adri](\"http:\/\/www.shkoder.net\/images\/fjala\/adri_nurellari.jpg\")
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Adri Nurellari<\/strong><\/p>\n Besa ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr traditat shqiptare m\u00eb t\u00eb vyera, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat jo vet\u00ebm krenoheshim me veten, por edhe vler\u00ebsoheshim nga fqinj\u00ebt. N\u00eb fakt, pik\u00ebrisht k\u00ebsaj vlere i \u00ebsht\u00eb dedikuar nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr librat m\u00eb t\u00eb suksessh\u00ebm t\u00eb Francis Fukuyama, i cili njihet nga lexuesi shqiptar kryesisht n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet p\u00ebrkthimit t\u00eb librit t\u00eb tij, \u201cFundi i Historis\u00eb dhe Njeriu i Fundit\u201d. N\u00eb librin e titulluar \u201cBesimi: Virtytet Sociale dhe Krijimi i Prosperitetit\u201d (\u201cTrust: The Social Virtues and The Creation of Prosperity\u201d), Fukuyama v\u00eb n\u00eb dukje se p\u00ebrve\u00e7 faktor\u00ebve klasik\u00eb t\u00eb njohur si premisa p\u00ebr zhvillimin ekonomik, sikurse jan\u00eb tregu i lir\u00eb, konkurrenca apo qeverisja e vog\u00ebl, nj\u00eb rol i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm luhet edhe nga kultura. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb lib\u00ebr, autori i ndan shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb n\u00eb dy kategori, vende q\u00eb kan\u00eb shoq\u00ebri me besim t\u00eb lart\u00eb, duke p\u00ebrmendur si t\u00eb tilla SHBA-n\u00eb dhe Gjermanin\u00eb, dhe vende me shoq\u00ebri me besim t\u00eb ul\u00ebt, si Kina e Italia.<\/p>\n Ky lib\u00ebr m\u00eb erdhi n\u00eb mendje pas nj\u00eb bisede me nj\u00eb mikun tim q\u00eb punon p\u00ebr Philip Morris, i cili m\u00eb tregoi se Shqip\u00ebria \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7udit\u00ebrisht i vetmi vend ku nj\u00eb produkt kontraband\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i shtrenjt\u00eb sesa nj\u00eb produkt legal. E kishte fjal\u00ebn p\u00ebr paketat e cigareve q\u00eb shiten n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb goxha m\u00eb t\u00eb shtrenjta n\u00ebse jan\u00eb pa pull\u00eb, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb futura ilegalisht, duke mbajtur ende t\u00eb shkruarat n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn greke apo italiane. Normalisht malli kontraband\u00eb duhet t\u00eb shitet m\u00eb lir\u00eb, p\u00ebrderisa futet n\u00eb vend pa paguar akciz\u00ebn. Megjithat\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb shtrenjta vet\u00ebm e vet\u00ebm sepse jan\u00eb t\u00eb jashtme, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb ato q\u00eb jan\u00eb me pull\u00ebn fiskale e me tekstin t\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb shqip, konsiderohen false ose t\u00eb dor\u00ebs s\u00eb dyt\u00eb, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin mall t\u00eb sjell\u00eb n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb organizuar dhe kontrolluar nga e nj\u00ebjta kompani. Kjo situat\u00eb l\u00eb t\u00eb kuptohet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb situat\u00eb ekstreme t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb besimit ndaj asaj q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shqiptare dhe q\u00eb nuk ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb vet\u00ebm me kompleksin e theksuar t\u00eb inferioritetit ndaj t\u00eb huajve, q\u00eb e kemi kultivuar pasivisht gjat\u00eb k\u00ebtyre dy dekadave t\u00eb fundit, por edhe me munges\u00ebn e skajshme t\u00eb besimit ndaj nj\u00ebri-tjetrit.<\/p>\n Njer\u00ebzit kryesisht shkojn\u00eb n\u00eb restorante, hotele apo kafene t\u00eb rekomanduara nga t\u00eb af\u00ebrmit e tyre, sepse kan\u00eb frik\u00eb se mos \u201cua dredhin\u201d me \u00e7mimet dhe cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e sh\u00ebrbimit. Qytetar\u00ebt detyrohen t\u00eb b\u00ebhen miq ose nd\u00ebrtojn\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie personale me ustallar\u00ebt e ndrysh\u00ebm, sepse vet\u00ebm kjo marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie \u00ebsht\u00eb garanci p\u00ebr cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre. P\u00ebrndryshe mbizot\u00ebron mosbesimi lidhur jo vet\u00ebm me tarif\u00ebn dhe cil\u00ebsin\u00eb, por edhe p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb sabotim t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm e dashakeq t\u00eb zanat\u00e7iut t\u00eb panjohur. Situata t\u00eb tilla t\u00eb ngjashme mosbesimi mund t\u00eb gjenden pa problem edhe n\u00eb shum\u00eb fusha e situata t\u00eb tjera kudo n\u00ebp\u00ebr Shqip\u00ebri dhe menj\u00ebher\u00eb l\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb mendohet se p\u00ebrshkrimi q\u00eb i b\u00ebn Fukuyama k\u00ebsaj kategorie t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i goditur.<\/p>\n Sipas Fukuyam\u00ebs, shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb q\u00eb karakterizohen nga prania e nj\u00eb niveli t\u00eb lart\u00eb besimi jan\u00eb t\u00eb afta q\u00eb t\u00eb formojn\u00eb organizata vullnetare dhe meritokratike, q\u00eb kan\u00eb q\u00ebllime t\u00eb gjera dhe jan\u00eb efikase. K\u00ebto organizata, qofshin fitimprur\u00ebse ose jofitimprur\u00ebse, krijojn\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb dendur dhe efikas social, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i dobish\u00ebm p\u00ebr biznesin, tregtin\u00eb, komunikimin dhe zhvillimin e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb. Me besim n\u00ebnkuptohet pritshm\u00ebria q\u00eb kan\u00eb njer\u00ebzit se t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt do t\u00eb sillen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb rregullt, t\u00eb ndershme, bashk\u00ebpunuese, duke u mb\u00ebshtetur te norma t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta. Fal\u00eb besimit mund\u00ebsohet edhe rritja e kapitalit social q\u00eb ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me aft\u00ebsin\u00eb e njer\u00ebzve p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar s\u00eb bashku p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta n\u00eb kushtet kur n\u00eb komunitet jan\u00eb n\u00eb nivel t\u00eb lart\u00eb virtyte si ndershm\u00ebria, mir\u00ebbesimi e besnik\u00ebria. N\u00eb shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb me besim t\u00eb lart\u00eb, besimi shtrihet p\u00ebrtej familjes dhe kompanit\u00eb nd\u00ebrtohen duke vendosur n\u00eb pozicione njer\u00ebz q\u00eb s\u2019jan\u00eb t\u00eb familjes, duke mund\u00ebsuar pun\u00ebn n\u00eb skuad\u00ebr t\u00eb individ\u00ebve q\u00eb u p\u00ebrkasin kulturave apo tipareve t\u00eb ndryshme. Fal\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb besimit, njer\u00ebzit jan\u00eb m\u00eb sip\u00ebrmarr\u00ebs sepse perceptojn\u00eb nj\u00eb risk t\u00eb kufizuar, e kan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb t\u00eb komunikojn\u00eb duke pasur m\u00eb pak kosto transaksioni dhe ajo q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, kultivohet institucionalizmi dhe respekti p\u00ebr ligjin.<\/p>\n Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb me nivel t\u00eb ul\u00ebt besimi mb\u00ebshteten te familja, fisi e klani p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar rrjete apo veprimtari ekonomike, sociale dhe politike. Kuptohet q\u00eb k\u00ebto organizata fitimprur\u00ebse ose jofitimprur\u00ebse e kan\u00eb efikasitetin t\u00eb kufizuar, p\u00ebrderisa farefisi q\u00eb e p\u00ebrb\u00ebn gjithsesi e ka t\u00eb kufizuar numrin e individ\u00ebve q\u00eb kan\u00eb kapacitete apo talent menaxherial, shkencor apo kreativ. Pra duke i mbajtur burimet njer\u00ebzore t\u00eb kusht\u00ebzuara dhe kufizuara nga fisi, klani apo krahina, shterimi i k\u00ebtyre kapaciteteve \u00ebsht\u00eb i pashmangsh\u00ebm. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb k\u00ebsilloj organizatash e kan\u00eb t\u00eb pamundur q\u00eb t\u00eb zgjerohen e p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohen p\u00ebrtej nj\u00eb caku.<\/p>\n N\u00eb shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb me nivel t\u00eb ul\u00ebt besimi, njer\u00ebzit e kan\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb q\u00eb t’u besojn\u00eb njer\u00ebzve jasht\u00eb familjes dhe klanit dhe zakonisht krijojn\u00eb biznese vet\u00ebm familjare. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb rasti tipik i Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, ku ekonomia karakterizohet nga biznesi familjar edhe kur b\u00ebhet p\u00ebr kompanit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb vend. Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr element tipik q\u00eb vihet re n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se kompanit\u00eb ortake ose aksionere jan\u00eb shum\u00eb jet\u00ebshkurtra, si pasoj\u00eb e thyerjes s\u00eb besimit nd\u00ebrmjet partner\u00ebve t\u00eb sip\u00ebrmarrjes. Elementi i besimit lidhet edhe me marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnien q\u00eb kan\u00eb shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb me shtetin. Shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb nivel t\u00eb lart\u00eb besimi dhe shum\u00eb organizata vullnetare jan\u00eb t\u00eb afta t\u00eb krijojn\u00eb vet\u00eb kompani t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, pa pasur nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrhyrjen e shtetit. T\u00eb tilla kompani shqiptare mungojn\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb ton\u00eb, ku t\u00eb vetmet kompani t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb tilla jan\u00eb t\u00eb huaja.<\/p>\n Shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb lidhje t\u00eb forta familjare, e kan\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb krijojn\u00eb korporata t\u00eb m\u00ebdha profesionale dhe p\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb i hedhin syt\u00eb te shteti p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer k\u00ebt\u00eb funksion ekonomik t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm dhe p\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i rast\u00ebsish\u00ebm etatizmi i theksuar i shqiptar\u00ebve. Njer\u00ebzit e transferojn\u00eb gjith\u00eb shpres\u00ebn dhe nevojat te shteti dhe \u00ebnd\u00ebrrojn\u00eb nj\u00eb shtet t\u00eb fort\u00eb dhe karriera si zyrtar\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb qeveritar\u00eb, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb u vihet shum\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi pazareve, korrupsionit dhe ndikimit n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nepotizmit e jo ligjit.<\/p>\n Sipas Fukuyam\u00ebs, besimi dhe virtyte t\u00eb tjera kulturore nd\u00ebrtohen shum\u00eb ngadal\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, por mund t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrohen leht\u00eb, sidomos si pasoj\u00eb e nd\u00ebrhyrjes s\u00eb shtetit, duke nxjerr\u00eb n\u00eb pah d\u00ebmin q\u00eb i ka shkaktuar besimit dhe kapitalit social francez revolucioni dhe diktatura e Bonopartit. Menj\u00ebher\u00eb k\u00ebtu mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb paraleliz\u00ebm me Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb, ku besimi dhe kapitali social jan\u00eb shkat\u00ebrruar si pasoj\u00eb e pushtetit qendror t\u00eb centralizuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pakrahasueshme gjat\u00eb komunizmit. Si\u00e7 ndodh me \u00e7do fenomen njer\u00ebzor, nj\u00eb element i vetmuar si besimi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb shpjeguar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb deterministe zhvillimet apo prognozat.<\/p>\n Megjithat\u00eb ka shum\u00eb arsye p\u00ebr t\u00eb besuar se besimi \u00ebsht\u00eb me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb nj\u00eb faktor me pesh\u00eb t\u00eb madhe p\u00ebr nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb t\u00eb mund\u00ebsoj\u00eb nj\u00eb ekonomi m\u00eb efikase, por edhe q\u00eb t\u00eb mund\u00ebsoj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e institucioneve shtet\u00ebrore cil\u00ebsore, partive efikase politike dhe nj\u00eb respekt m\u00eb t\u00eb madh p\u00ebr ligjin. P\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb, meremetimi i indit social shqiptar t\u00eb d\u00ebmtuar, rip\u00ebrt\u00ebrimi i kapitalit social, duke rritur nivelin e nd\u00ebrveprimit t\u00eb ndersh\u00ebm dhe solidaritetit nd\u00ebrmjet qytetar\u00ebve, si dhe restaurimi i institucionit t\u00eb bes\u00ebs, shnd\u00ebrrohen si prioritete p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar nj\u00eb t\u00eb ardhme m\u00eb t\u00eb ndritur p\u00ebr shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb ton\u00eb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Adri Nurellari Besa ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr traditat shqiptare m\u00eb t\u00eb vyera, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat jo vet\u00ebm krenoheshim me veten, por edhe vler\u00ebsoheshim nga fqinj\u00ebt. N\u00eb fakt, pik\u00ebrisht k\u00ebsaj vlere i \u00ebsht\u00eb dedikuar nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr librat m\u00eb t\u00eb suksessh\u00ebm t\u00eb Francis Fukuyama, i cili njihet nga lexuesi shqiptar kryesisht n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet p\u00ebrkthimit t\u00eb librit t\u00eb tij, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-3021","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-artikuj"},"yoast_head":"\n