{"id":3017,"date":"2012-05-30T09:29:25","date_gmt":"2012-05-30T08:29:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fjala.info\/?p=3017"},"modified":"2012-05-30T09:29:25","modified_gmt":"2012-05-30T08:29:25","slug":"rrenjet-shoqerore-dhe-kulturore-te-krizes-greke","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/rrenjet-shoqerore-dhe-kulturore-te-krizes-greke\/","title":{"rendered":"Rr\u00ebnj\u00ebt shoq\u00ebrore dhe kulturore t\u00eb kriz\u00ebs greke"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nga Dimitris Epikouris<\/strong>, 29 Maj 2012<\/em><\/p>\n

Kriza ekonomike n\u00eb Greqi, e cila mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb efekt domino n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha vendet e Evrop\u00ebs jugore, ka ngjallur shum\u00eb debate the parashikime lidhur me t\u00eb ardhmen e Evrop\u00ebs si nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n

\"\"K\u00ebto barinj t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr mal\u00ebsor\u00eb i b\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb besojn\u00eb se jan\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm pasardh\u00ebsit e grek\u00ebve t\u00eb lasht\u00eb por gjithashtu dhe njer\u00ebzit e bekuar t\u00eb Krishtit. Si\u00e7 \u00e7dokush mund ta shoh\u00eb, nuk ka asnj\u00eb ngjashm\u00ebri midis tyre dhe grek\u00ebve t\u00eb lasht\u00eb. Asnj\u00eb lloj ngjashm\u00ebrie fizike, estetike apo mendore.<\/em><\/p>\n

Analiza t\u00eb ndryshme publikohen nga media p\u00ebrdit\u00eb, t\u00eb gjitha duke u munduar t\u00eb shpjegojn\u00eb pasojat q\u00eb do t\u00eb has\u00eb Greqia nga paaft\u00ebsia e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer reforma dhe nga mungesa e nj\u00eb lidershipi t\u00eb aft\u00eb p\u00ebr ta nxjerr\u00eb Greqin\u00eb nga nevoja e vazhdueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb borxhe n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00ebsoj\u00eb nevojat e saj minimale.<\/p>\n

Sidoqoft\u00eb, t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto analiza kan\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt. Asnj\u00eb nga ato nuk ka mundur t\u00eb studioj\u00eb thell\u00ebsisht rr\u00ebnj\u00ebt e kriz\u00ebs n\u00eb aspektin kulturor dhe shoq\u00ebror. Dhe n\u00ebse nj\u00eb studiues nuk merr parasysh ve\u00e7antit\u00eb dhe psiko-sintez\u00ebn e popullit modern grek, at\u00ebher\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e kot\u00eb t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb m\u00eb tej.<\/p>\n

\"\"Kisha vazhdon t\u00eb dominoj\u00eb politik\u00ebn n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vend. Greqia \u00ebsht\u00eb shteti i fundit teokratik n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb. N\u00eb qoft\u00eb se dikush do t\u00eb ket\u00eb karrier\u00eb n\u00eb politik\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb ai b\u00ebn mir\u00eb t\u2019i \u2018p\u00ebrulet\u2019 kryetar\u00ebve lokal\u00eb t\u00eb kish\u00ebs n\u00eb fillim.<\/em><\/p>\n

Greqia moderne nuk ka asnj\u00eb nyje q\u00eb e lidh at\u00eb me Greqin\u00eb e lasht\u00eb dhe njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb dikur jetonin n\u00eb at\u00eb vend, e par\u00eb kjo si n\u00eb aspektin kulturor, ashtu dhe n\u00eb at\u00eb gjenetik. Grek\u00ebt e sot\u00ebm jan\u00eb nj\u00eb mishmash i fiseve ballkanike(shqiptar\u00eb\/arvanit\u00eb, sllav, vlleh) t\u00eb cil\u00ebt gjat\u00eb periudhave t\u00eb ndryshme kohore u p\u00ebrzien gjithashtu me afrikano-verior\u00eb, armenian\u00eb dhe fise t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb Anadollit, pa harruar t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendim k\u00ebtu dhe frank\u00ebt me venedikasit t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ishin po ashtu t\u00eb shumt\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb rajon.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto grupe merreshin kryesisht me bujq\u00ebsi dhe blegtori. Nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i madh i tyre ishin rekrutuar n\u00eb ushtrin\u00eb osmane p\u00ebr vet\u00eb faktin se banor\u00ebt e asaj zone ishin t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr dhe mjaft luftarak\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb Bizantit, k\u00ebto fise u konvertuan n\u00eb t\u00eb krishter\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, edhe ato pak grek\u00eb q\u00eb refuzuan t\u00eb hiqnin dor\u00eb nga besimi i t\u00eb par\u00ebve u vran\u00eb dhe u persekutuan nga perandori i Bizantit. T\u00eb tjer\u00eb ran\u00eb pre e mortajave q\u00eb b\u00ebnin k\u00ebrdin\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb. Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr faktor q\u00eb kontribuoi n\u00eb r\u00ebnien e popullsis\u00eb ishte pirateria. \u00cbsht\u00eb fakt i njohur q\u00eb qyteti i Spart\u00ebs ka qen\u00eb i braktisur p\u00ebr m\u00ebse 400 vjet nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Athina, sidomos zona e Akropolisit, ishte shnd\u00ebrruar n\u00eb nj\u00eb kullot\u00eb bag\u00ebtish.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrpjekjet p\u00ebr t\u2019i \u201chelenizuar\u201d ato fise nis\u00ebn nga fuqit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha evropian\u00eb t\u00eb cilave u nevojitej nj\u00eb protektorat p\u00ebr t\u00eb promovuar interesat e tyre duke u nisur nga vet\u00eb fakti q\u00eb pozicioni gjeografik i Greqis\u00eb ende konsiderohet si nyja lidh\u00ebse midis Lindjes dhe Per\u00ebndimit. Evropian\u00ebt romantik\u00eb t\u00eb koh\u00ebs, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt \u00ebnd\u00ebrronin t\u00eb ringjallnin kozmosin e lasht\u00eb grek p\u00ebrmes k\u00ebtyre bishave nga mali, mbartin gjithashtu nj\u00ebfar\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsie p\u00ebr identitetin e rrem\u00eb q\u00eb i \u00ebsht\u00eb atashuar grek\u00ebve t\u00eb sot\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Vendimi fatal dhe krejt\u00ebsisht i panevojsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u2019i quajtur ato p\u00ebrzierje fisesh \u201chelen\u00eb\u201d, i vuri atyre nj\u00eb barr\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb mbi supe p\u00ebr vet\u00eb faktin e thjesht\u00eb q\u00eb asaj popullsie i mungonte njohuria dhe shkollimi i nevojsh\u00ebm q\u00eb do ti mund\u00ebsonte atyre t\u00eb identifikoheshin me banor\u00ebt e lasht\u00eb t\u00eb asaj zone.<\/p>\n

\"\"Greket modern njihen si mjeshtra t\u00eb krijimit t\u00eb teorive konspirative. E gjith\u00eb bota supozohet t\u00eb jet\u00eb kundra tyre p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb \u2018rac\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre superiore\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Kisha Ortodokse kund\u00ebrshtonte fuqimisht \u00e7do lloj shkollimi sepse i donte besimtar\u00ebt e devotsh\u00ebm t\u00eb saj t\u00eb mos lexonin gj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr ve\u00e7 Bibl\u00ebs. Roli q\u00eb luajti Kisha gjat\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb sundimit osman ishte katastrofe p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn e popullsis\u00eb sepse ajo ishte bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtori m\u00eb efektiv i sulltanit. Ndihmesa q\u00eb ajo i jepte sulltanit duke i b\u00ebr\u00eb popullsin\u00eb t\u00eb paguanin taksa apo kur vinte puna p\u00ebr t\u00eb ulur gjakrat n\u00eb prag t\u00eb ndonj\u00eb revolte ishte e pa\u00e7mueshme. Kisha natyrisht u shp\u00ebrblye mjaft mir\u00eb nga Divani p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbimet e saj, duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb pronari m\u00eb i madh i tokave n\u00eb Greqi.<\/p>\n

Konfuzioni i t\u00eb qenit n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb edhe helen edhe i krishter\u00eb i mundon greket edhe sot e k\u00ebsaj dite. Shumic\u00ebs s\u00eb grek\u00ebve i thuhet se jan\u00eb pasardh\u00ebs t\u00eb Perikliut, Sokratit, Leonidh\u00ebs dhe Aleksandrit t\u00eb Madh kurse n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb ato e konsiderojn\u00eb krejt normale t\u00eb qenit ortodoks. Pra si\u00e7 e shohim, dy bot\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb thelb, bashk\u00ebjetojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyre anormale n\u00eb mjedisin shoq\u00ebror dhe kulturor grek.<\/p>\n

Revolucioni i 1821 kundra osman\u00ebve, q\u00eb rrjedhimisht solli formimin e shtetit modern grek, nuk mund t\u00eb ishte arritur pa ndihmes\u00ebn e fuqive t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb asaj kohe. Beteja detare e Navarinos q\u00eb sh\u00ebnoi dhe krijimin e Greqis\u00eb moderne reflekton nevoj\u00ebn q\u00eb kishin fuqit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha p\u00ebr ta p\u00ebrdorur k\u00ebt\u00eb vend si nj\u00eb protektorat t\u00eb qeverisur nga regjime t\u00eb caktuara ose t\u00eb imponuara prej tyre. Greqia moderne ka qen\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e viktimizuar dhe e shfryt\u00ebzuar nga fuqit\u00eb evropiane sikurse roli i saj n\u00eb fush\u00ebn shoq\u00ebroro-politike nuk ka qen\u00eb kurr\u00eb autonom.<\/p>\n

Qytetar\u00ebt modern\u00eb Grek\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt nuk i kan\u00eb p\u00ebrftuar dhuratat e \u00e7muara t\u00eb Rilindjes, Iluminizmit dhe Industrializimit jan\u00eb edhe sot e k\u00ebsaj dite t\u00eb prapambetur n\u00eb aspektin kulturor. Greqia \u00ebsht\u00eb qeverisur nga mbetjet e klaneve q\u00eb kan\u00eb sunduar vendin q\u00eb pas r\u00ebnies se Perandoris\u00eb Bizantine dhe megjith\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb q\u00eb demokracia \u00ebsht\u00eb lindur pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb at\u00eb vend, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb q\u00eb paraardh\u00ebsit e grek\u00ebve modern\u00eb jan\u00eb ata q\u00eb e kan\u00eb krijuar at\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitet 50\u2019 dhe 60\u2019, mij\u00ebra grek\u00eb u detyruan t\u00eb braktisnin fshatrat dhe t\u00eb emigronin jasht\u00eb shtetit ose t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonin pun\u00eb n\u00eb qendrat e m\u00ebdha urbane ku ishin nd\u00ebrtuar fabrika dhe kishin nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr krah t\u00eb lir\u00eb pune. Fshati u braktis dhe qytetet p\u00ebrjetuan nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb paprecedent\u00eb popullsie q\u00eb shkaktoi gjithashtu probleme t\u00eb r\u00ebnda me demografin\u00eb dhe mjedisin p\u00ebr vet\u00eb faktin se nuk ekzistonte nj\u00eb planifikim (edhe sot e k\u00ebsaj dite mungon).<\/p>\n

Shkretimi i zonave rurale solli gjithashtu nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr problem q\u00eb shum\u00eb prej politikan\u00ebve nuk guxonin ta preknin: S\u00ebmundja e urbanizimit. Ardhjet e vazhdueshme t\u00eb fshatar\u00ebve n\u00eb qytet treguan se ata nuk vinin thjesht p\u00ebr nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr pun\u00ebsim. Ata kishin gjithashtu nj\u00eb epsh t\u00eb t\u00ebrbuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetuar \u201cstilin e jetes\u00ebs urbane\u201d. Ndryshe nga fshatar\u00ebt jugor\u00eb amerikan\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb krenar\u00eb p\u00ebr trash\u00ebgimin\u00eb dhe tok\u00ebn e tyre, grek\u00ebt preferuan t\u00eb shkonin n\u00eb qendrat e m\u00ebdha urban\u00eb dhe t\u00eb punonin n\u00ebp\u00ebr fabrika ose si n\u00ebpun\u00ebs, n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndronin n\u00eb fshat p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar tok\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Regjimi ushtarak i vitit 1967 e inkurajoi k\u00ebt\u00eb \u201cdashuri p\u00ebr urbanizimin\u201d akoma m\u00eb tej.<\/p>\n

Dy partit\u00eb kryesore politike u ngrit\u00ebn pas r\u00ebnies s\u00eb diktatur\u00ebs ushtarake; \u201cDemokracia e Re\u201d dhe \u201cPartia Socialiste Panhelenike\u201d e quajtur ndryshe PASOK. E para kishte nj\u00eb q\u00ebndrim konservator, nd\u00ebrsa tjetra socialist. T\u00eb dyja sidoqoft\u00eb kishin nj\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt: Ato u siguruan q\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka t\u00eb kontrollohej direkt ose indirekt nga shteti. Q\u00ebllimi i tyre s\u2019ishte asgj\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr se thjesht mbajtja e pushtetit p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb sa m\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb. P\u00ebr t\u2019ia arritur atij q\u00ebllimi, at gjet\u00ebn nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb shkat\u00ebrruese duke e shnd\u00ebrruar shtetit n\u00eb nj\u00eb agjenci pun\u00ebsimi.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto dy parti politike pun\u00ebsuan me mij\u00ebra individ\u00eb t\u00eb paaft\u00eb n\u00eb sektorin publik. Regjimet filluan t\u00eb merrnin borxhe nga Bashkimi Evropian p\u00ebr t\u00eb financuar pagat e larta dhe privilegjet e ushtrive t\u00eb tyre me n\u00ebpun\u00ebs. N\u00eb sektorin privat, prosperiteti vinte vet\u00ebm n\u00eb qoft\u00eb se ai ishte i nd\u00ebrthurur n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ose tjetr\u00ebn me sektorin publik. Nuk kishte r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi se \u00e7far\u00eb b\u00ebje ose \u00e7far\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimi publik k\u00ebrkoje, at\u00eb nuk mund ta merrje pa dh\u00ebn\u00eb ryshfet. Burokracia dhe korrupsioni kan\u00eb ecur gjithmon\u00eb p\u00ebrkrah nj\u00ebri tjetrit.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrmasat e korrupsionit n\u00eb Greqi jan\u00eb m\u00eb diferenc\u00eb t\u00eb madhe m\u00eb t\u00eb larta se shum\u00eb shtete t\u00eb Azis\u00eb, Amerik\u00ebs Jugore apo Afrik\u00ebs. Vendi nuk prodhonte m\u00eb asgj\u00eb q\u00ebkur \u00bc e forc\u00ebs pun\u00ebtore ishte e pun\u00ebsuar n\u00eb administrat\u00eb. T\u00eb gjeturit pun\u00eb n\u00eb administrat\u00eb ishte \u00ebndrra e \u00e7do t\u00eb riu. Nuk ishte m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb kishe nj\u00eb lloj formimi akademik. \u00c7far\u00eb kishte r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi ishin lidhjet q\u00eb nj\u00eb person kishte me politik\u00ebn n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb zinte nj\u00eb pozicion pune n\u00eb sektorin publik ku mund t\u00eb merrte nj\u00eb rrog\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb pa b\u00ebr\u00eb asgj\u00eb. Retorika populiste aplikuar nga t\u00eb dyja partit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha filloi t\u00eb krijonte nj\u00eb lloj t\u00eb ri etike alla- romake midis njer\u00ebzve. Padyshim q\u00eb ky sistem politik grotesk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shpikje unike e Greqis\u00eb moderne. T\u00eb pasurit e nj\u00eb regjimi konservator (i djatht\u00eb, antikomunist) m\u00eb nj\u00eb q\u00ebndrim stalinist n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e imponimit te autoritetit t\u00eb shtetit \u00ebsht\u00eb di\u00e7ka q\u00eb mund t\u00eb gjendet vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Greqi.<\/p>\n

Sugjerimi i John Maynard Keynes q\u00eb \u2018n\u00eb fillim stabilitet, pastaj reforma\u2019 nuk mund t\u00eb aplikohet n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vend sepse ekonomia greke nuk stabilizohet dot p\u00ebr arsyen e vetme sepse ka nj\u00eb tejmbushje n\u00ebpun\u00ebsish t\u00eb padobish\u00ebm dhe kundraproduktiv n\u00eb administrat\u00ebn e saj.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb gjitha faktet e lartp\u00ebrmendura mund t\u00eb \u00e7udisin dik\u00eb q\u00eb vjen nga nj\u00eb shtet per\u00ebndimor. Asgj\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7uditshme, absolutisht asgj\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb e pamundur p\u00ebr pasardh\u00ebsit e pulave dhe hajdut\u00ebve t\u00eb deleve, q\u00eb jetonin n\u00eb majat e maleve dhe brenda shpellave, q\u00eb rrall\u00eb se laheshin dhe vidhnin grat\u00eb e tyre nga familja t\u00eb kuptojn\u00eb se si funksionon nj\u00eb shtet i civilizuar, l\u00ebre m\u00eb t\u00eb kuptojn\u00eb se si \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb ndjehesh evropian. \u00cbsht\u00eb gjithashtu e pamundur p\u00ebr nj\u00eb vend q\u00eb nuk e ka p\u00ebrjetuar Iluminizmin, Demokracin\u00eb dhe Revolucionin Industrial t\u00eb adaptohet kaq shpejt me nj\u00eb ekonomi globale q\u00eb evoluohet vazhdimisht.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb qoft\u00eb se dikush pyet veten pse vendet evropiane lan\u00eb nj\u00eb retorik\u00eb kaq t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr ndaj Greqis\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb ndoshta sepse ato nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrgjegjsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr situat\u00ebn atje. Ato nuk kan\u00eb njohurit\u00eb e mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar rr\u00ebnj\u00ebt e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb dhe kultur\u00ebs s\u00eb shtetit modern grek.<\/p>\n

Greqia kurr\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb vend evropian. Nuk mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb. Nuk do t\u00eb jet\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrktheu: Aldion Baze<\/strong>
\nwww.freeinquiry.gr<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Dimitris Epikouris, 29 Maj 2012 Kriza ekonomike n\u00eb Greqi, e cila mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb efekt domino n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha vendet e Evrop\u00ebs jugore, ka ngjallur shum\u00eb debate the parashikime lidhur me t\u00eb ardhmen e Evrop\u00ebs si nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebsi. K\u00ebto barinj t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr mal\u00ebsor\u00eb i b\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb besojn\u00eb se jan\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm pasardh\u00ebsit e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-3017","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-artikuj"},"yoast_head":"\nRr\u00ebnj\u00ebt shoq\u00ebrore dhe kulturore t\u00eb kriz\u00ebs greke - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/rrenjet-shoqerore-dhe-kulturore-te-krizes-greke\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rr\u00ebnj\u00ebt shoq\u00ebrore dhe kulturore t\u00eb kriz\u00ebs greke - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nga Dimitris Epikouris, 29 Maj 2012 Kriza ekonomike n\u00eb Greqi, e cila mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb efekt domino n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha vendet e Evrop\u00ebs jugore, ka ngjallur shum\u00eb debate the parashikime lidhur me t\u00eb ardhmen e Evrop\u00ebs si nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebsi. 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