{"id":2358,"date":"2012-04-03T21:38:04","date_gmt":"2012-04-03T20:38:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fjala.shkoder.net\/?p=2358"},"modified":"2012-04-03T21:38:04","modified_gmt":"2012-04-03T20:38:04","slug":"2358-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/2358-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Fundi i qytet\u00ebrimit kapitalist"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\" Arjan Th. Kall\u00e7o<\/strong><\/p>\n

Do t\u00eb duhej ta pyesim Jozef Shumpeterin<\/em>*. Ai ndoshta duhet t\u00eb na thot\u00eb di\u00e7ka n\u00ebse shkat\u00ebrrimi q\u00eb ka filluar, \u00ebsht\u00eb ende krijues ose kapitalizmi e ka ezauruar plot\u00ebsisht shtytjen e vet shtyt\u00ebse. Kryeministri italian Monti foli p\u00ebr komunitetin financiar me pamjen e atij q\u00eb predikon n\u00eb tok\u00ebn e t\u00eb pabes\u00ebve: Sallonet e mir\u00eb e mbrojt\u00ebn ekzistuesen, duke penguar shkat\u00ebrrimin shumpeterian. Shikon p\u00ebrreth dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb cop\u00eb mij\u00ebvje\u00e7ari, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn n\u00eb Per\u00ebndim, t\u00eb duket se shikon vet\u00ebm rr\u00ebnoja. Re\u00e7esion dhe papun\u00ebsi, v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi dhe pabarazi. Ku \u00ebsht\u00eb krijimi n\u00eb mes t\u00eb flluskave financiare dhe t\u00eb patundshme q\u00eb fryhen dhe shp\u00ebrthejn\u00eb, duke korrur viktima mes t\u00eb dobt\u00ebve? Ku \u00ebsht\u00eb kapitalizmi me natyr\u00ebn e vet konjukturale, si\u00e7 thoshte Galbraithi, i aft\u00eb t\u00eb rigjeneroj\u00eb vazhdimisht vetveten?<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjeve, shumohen librat dhe refleksionet, Ekonomist\u00eb, historian\u00eb dhe filozof\u00eb. Nuk duken m\u00eb n\u00eb sken\u00eb politikan\u00ebt, por kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb kostantja e faz\u00ebs. Mes eseve m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo me titull Tregime t\u00eb qytet\u00ebrimit kapitalist. E shkruar prej Guido Karandinit, duke p\u00ebrzjerr\u00eb njohurit\u00eb e tij t\u00eb ndryshme : nga puna sip\u00ebrmarr\u00ebse tek ajo intelektuale. Jo nj\u00eb pamflet i shkath\u00ebt mbi d\u00ebmet e sotme, por nj\u00eb udh\u00ebtim i gjat\u00eb prapa tek ngjarjet e ndryshme t\u00eb kapitalizmit industrial t\u00eb djesh\u00ebm q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebn ta lexosh me sy ndryshe at\u00eb t\u00eb kapitalizmit financiar t\u00eb sot\u00ebm. Duke k\u00ebrkuar n\u00eb rr\u00ebnojat e 8 shekujve histori, Karandini rishkruan tregimin e madh t\u00eb kapitalizmit me nj\u00eb paradigm\u00eb q\u00eb Tomas Kuhn do e quante sistemik. P\u00ebr ta kuptuar fenomenin kapitalist nuk mjafton m\u00eb nj\u00eb dimension, ekonomia.<\/p>\n

Duhen t\u00eb gjitha dimensionet e jet\u00ebs : filozofia dhe politika, shkenca dhe feja. Sepse q\u00eb nga shekulli i 12-t\u00eb e deri m\u00eb tash, t\u00eb gjitha sferat e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb per\u00ebndimore mbajn\u00eb gjurm\u00ebn e kapitalit q\u00eb i damkos me zjarr. Studiues i Marksit dhe marksizmit, niset nga aksioma e m\u00ebsuesit t\u00eb Trevirit : q\u00ebnia shoq\u00ebrore p\u00ebrcakton koshienc\u00ebn njer\u00ebzore dhe jo e kund\u00ebrta. Q\u00eb k\u00ebtu dhe me nj\u00eb infektim q\u00eb p\u00ebrqafon Braudelin, Le Goffin, Blochun dhe Wallersteinin zhvillon tez\u00ebn e tij rreth s\u00eb cil\u00ebs nd\u00ebrton nj\u00eb rishpikje t\u00eb historis\u00eb : kapitalizmi p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb bot\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb sistem qeveris\u00ebs apo \u00e7qeveris\u00ebsh? I ekonomis\u00eb. M\u00eb shum\u00eb se tregu, se liria konkurrese, se konflikti midis forcave konkurruese.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb shum\u00eb sesa vet\u00eb demokracia. \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb form\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb e qytet\u00ebrimit. Mund t\u00eb duket e ditur, e ndryshme ndoshta pik\u00ebrisht nga vler\u00ebsimi sasior i Blochut, kur shkruan se t\u00eb gjitha fazat m\u00eb t\u00eb gjata t\u00eb historis\u00eb quhen qytet\u00ebrime. 8 shekuj t\u00eb kaluar me hegjemoni kapitaliste mjaftojn\u00eb q\u00eb ta ballafaqojm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb teori. Por \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb planin cil\u00ebsor q\u00eb veprimi b\u00ebhet m\u00eb i guximsh\u00ebm dhe sugjestiv. Ta njoh\u00ebsh deri n\u00eb fund ekuacionin kapitaliz\u00ebm=qytet\u00ebrim ka implikime ndri\u00e7uese dhe mbi t\u00eb gjitha shqet\u00ebsuese n\u00eb rileximin e ngjarjes njer\u00ebzore q\u00eb na sjell n\u00eb t\u00eb ashtuquajturin moderniz\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Paradigma e re e Karandinit vendoset mbi kat\u00ebr shtylla q\u00eb t\u00eb ndihmojn\u00eb t\u00eb rind\u00ebrtosh historin\u00eb e 800 viteve t\u00eb fundit : fuqia, akumulimi, feja dhe shkenca. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb levat e historis\u00eb s\u00eb kapitalizmit. E gjenerojn\u00eb e plazmojn\u00eb e transformojn\u00eb dhe m\u00eb n\u00eb fund e denatyrojn\u00eb. N\u00eb agimet e veta, parakapitalizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb version themelor i ekonomis\u00eb s\u00eb tregut : t\u00eb shes\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb bler\u00eb, duke shk\u00ebmbyer p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqur nevojat e jet\u00ebs dhe konsumit. M\u00eb pas ndryshon, sofistikohet : t\u00eb blesh q\u00eb t\u00eb shes\u00ebsh, duke transformuar parat\u00eb n\u00eb mall dhe duke ritransformuar mallin n\u00eb para. K\u00ebshtu ekonomia e tregut b\u00ebhet qarkullim kapitalist. Qytet\u00ebrimi i ri nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi optimale e nevojave individuale dhe kolektive, por vazhdim\u00ebsi dhe akumulimin maksimal t\u00eb fitimit. Risia e analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb Karandinit \u00ebsht\u00eb se metamorfoza fillon shum\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb sesa mendohet. T\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 5 shekuj m\u00eb par\u00eb, n\u00eb lidhje me Revolucionin industrial.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Venecien e borgjezis\u00eb n\u00eb vitet 1200, si edhe n\u00eb Holland\u00ebn e tregtar\u00ebve, fuqia e kapitalit p\u00ebrmban n\u00eb projekt embrionin e evolucionit\/regresit t\u00eb m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm. Nj\u00eb fill i kuq i bashkon ato par\u00ebsi mir\u00eb apo keq e shekujve q\u00eb pasojn\u00eb. Ka fuqi tek Et\u00ebrit pelegrin\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb 1620 zbarkuan me Mayflowerin n\u00eb Bot\u00ebn e re, duke nxitur Partin e \u00c7ajit t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb Boston m\u00eb 1772 dhe Deklarat\u00ebn e t\u00eb Drejtave t\u00eb 4 korrikut n\u00eb 1776. \u00cbsht\u00eb fuqia tek Revolucioni francez dhe tek Deklarata e t\u00eb Drejtave n\u00eb 1789. Zbulimi i t\u00eb drejtave lind demokracin\u00eb, demoktacia lind lirin\u00eb, liria lind akumulimin. Kjo lev\u00eb hedh bazat e tragjedive t\u00eb ardhshme t\u00eb \u2018900.<\/p>\n

Shoq\u00ebria e masifikuar tek konsumet dhe zakonet, q\u00ebndron n\u00eb rr\u00ebnj\u00ebt e regjimeve fashiste n\u00eb Europ\u00eb. P\u00ebr Karandinin me nj\u00eb kurajo analitike q\u00eb b\u00ebhet gati i ndritur, edhe vet\u00eb komunizmi dhe nemesi i tij, Muri i Berlinit, \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb mase p\u00ebrmbushja e kushteve primare tipike t\u00eb fuqis\u00eb dhe akumulimit kapitalist. Revolucioni i Tetorit i Leninit \u00ebsht\u00eb revolucioni p\u00ebr fuqi q\u00eb ka si objektiv rritjen e ekonomis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb ardhurat komb\u00ebtare. Dhe kuptohet se Lenini dhe Stalini shkaktuan 25 milion\u00eb t\u00eb vdekur. Edhe n\u00eb BRSS e at\u00ebhershme n\u00eb at\u00eb humner\u00eb terrori, logjika e kapitalizmit ishte n\u00eb grack\u00eb dhe socializmi n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb fsheht\u00eb dhe t\u00eb pand\u00ebrgjegjshme i ishte n\u00ebnshtruar logjik\u00ebs s\u00eb industrializmit t\u00eb imponuar teknikisht nga kapitalizmi per\u00ebndimor.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebs Karandini na detyron ta rimendojm\u00eb kapitalizmin historik jo vet\u00ebm si nj\u00eb zhvendosje praktike t\u00eb konkurenc\u00ebs s\u00eb lir\u00eb, tregje n\u00eb ekuilib\u00ebr. Historia e kapitalizmit anasjelltas \u00ebsht\u00eb historia e tregtis\u00eb s\u00eb rr\u00ebmbimeve, t\u00eb luftrave t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjakshme, pushtimeve koloniale, skllav\u00ebris\u00eb dhe shfryt\u00ebzimit. I shtyr\u00eb nga fuqia, i justifikuar nga feja, Weberi shkruan se kapitalizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb praktik\u00eb fetare e jet\u00ebs, dhe e p\u00ebrshpejtuar nga shkenca dhe shpikjet teknike dhe teknologjike, akumulimi me \u00e7do kusht shtypte mendjet individuale dhe kolektive. K\u00ebshtu kapitalizmi historik lind brenda vetes barbarit\u00eb dhe dhun\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Deri tek mafjet dhe kriminaliteti i organizuar. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb banale kapitalizmi bashk\u00ebkohor kryen gjymtimin e fundit dhe shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb paqytet\u00ebrim. Pasi i mund\u00ebn aventurat totalitare, sot dominon nj\u00eb bot\u00eb e ndar\u00eb mes harxhimesh t\u00eb t\u00eb pasurve dhe privimeve t\u00eb t\u00eb varf\u00ebrve, nj\u00eb etik\u00eb e verb\u00ebr e fitimit e mpreh konfliktin midis kapitalit dhe pun\u00ebs dhe nuk do ta mbush\u00eb kurr\u00eb humner\u00ebn mes boll\u00ebkut dhe uris\u00eb. Karandini nuk na l\u00eb shum\u00eb hap\u00ebsira p\u00ebr t\u00eb shpresuar. Mbetemi t\u00eb zhytur ende n\u00eb besime ideologjike. Weberi gabonte kur e imagjinonte se d\u00ebshira e pamoderuar nuk ishte thelbi i kapitalizmit dhe \u00ebnd\u00ebrronte q\u00eb ky i fundit t\u00eb ishte temperamenti racional. \u201cGreed is good\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb motoja e Wall Streetit, nd\u00ebrsa tek Main Sreeti ka vuajte dhe lot\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Vet\u00ebm forca e demokracis\u00eb mund t\u2019i imponoj\u00eb limite etjes s\u00eb oligarkive afariste dhe t\u00eb promovoj\u00eb nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb barabart\u00eb. M\u00ebse e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. Por sot ka nj\u00eb problem t\u00eb madh : demokracit\u00eb p\u00ebr popullin ia kan\u00eb l\u00ebn\u00eb vendin teknokracive pa popull. Dhe p\u00ebrplasja e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb e qytet\u00ebrimeve nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb mes Islamit dhe Per\u00ebndimit dhe as midis politik\u00ebs dhe ekonomis\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb midis ekonomis\u00eb dhe demokracis\u00eb. P\u00ebr Fukujam\u00ebn kriza e komunizmit koin\u00e7idoi me fundin e historis\u00eb. Nga ajo ese\u2019 e famshme q\u00eb doli n\u00eb vitin 1992, gj\u00ebrat kan\u00eb ecur pak ndryshe. Sot me nj\u00eb kriter vler\u00ebsues t\u00eb barabart\u00eb dhe t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt, mund t\u00eb guxojm\u00eb se kriza e kapitalizmit koin\u00e7idon me fundin e qytet\u00ebrimit? Kapitalizmi financiar i k\u00ebtyre viteve po konsumon m\u00eb shum\u00eb histori sesa prodhon. K\u00ebshtu nuk mund t\u00eb zgjas\u00eb. Po t\u00eb ishte gjall\u00eb do ta thoshte edhe Schumpeteri.<\/p>\n

*Jozef Shumpeteri, ekonomist austriak (1883-1950), ishte nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr ekonomist\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 20-t\u00eb. Risit\u00eb q\u00eb solli vepra e tij, Teoria e zhvillimit ekonomik,1912, mbi teorin\u00eb ekonomike lidhet me konceptimin e tij mbi zhvillimin.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Arjan Th. Kall\u00e7o Do t\u00eb duhej ta pyesim Jozef Shumpeterin*. Ai ndoshta duhet t\u00eb na thot\u00eb di\u00e7ka n\u00ebse shkat\u00ebrrimi q\u00eb ka filluar, \u00ebsht\u00eb ende krijues ose kapitalizmi e ka ezauruar plot\u00ebsisht shtytjen e vet shtyt\u00ebse. Kryeministri italian Monti foli p\u00ebr komunitetin financiar me pamjen e atij q\u00eb predikon n\u00eb tok\u00ebn e t\u00eb pabes\u00ebve: Sallonet e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,7],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2358","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-artikuj","7":"category-letersi"},"yoast_head":"\nFundi i qytet\u00ebrimit kapitalist - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/2358-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fundi i qytet\u00ebrimit kapitalist - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Arjan Th. Kall\u00e7o Do t\u00eb duhej ta pyesim Jozef Shumpeterin*. Ai ndoshta duhet t\u00eb na thot\u00eb di\u00e7ka n\u00ebse shkat\u00ebrrimi q\u00eb ka filluar, \u00ebsht\u00eb ende krijues ose kapitalizmi e ka ezauruar plot\u00ebsisht shtytjen e vet shtyt\u00ebse. Kryeministri italian Monti foli p\u00ebr komunitetin financiar me pamjen e atij q\u00eb predikon n\u00eb tok\u00ebn e t\u00eb pabes\u00ebve: Sallonet e […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/2358-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2012-04-03T20:38:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/www.shkoder.net\/images\/fjala\/2011\/arjan_kallco.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fjala.info\\\/2009-2015\\\/2358-2\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fjala.info\\\/2009-2015\\\/2358-2\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fjala.info\\\/2009-2015\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3aa1163ef05469c496fc94e77611ada2\"},\"headline\":\"Fundi i qytet\u00ebrimit kapitalist\",\"datePublished\":\"2012-04-03T20:38:04+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fjala.info\\\/2009-2015\\\/2358-2\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1379,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fjala.info\\\/2009-2015\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fjala.info\\\/2009-2015\\\/2358-2\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.shkoder.net\\\/images\\\/fjala\\\/2011\\\/arjan_kallco.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Artikuj\",\"Let\u00ebrsi\"],\"inLanguage\":\"sq-AL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/fjala.info\\\/2009-2015\\\/2358-2\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fjala.info\\\/2009-2015\\\/2358-2\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fjala.info\\\/2009-2015\\\/2358-2\\\/\",\"name\":\"Fundi i qytet\u00ebrimit kapitalist - 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