{"id":2238,"date":"2012-03-21T06:47:37","date_gmt":"2012-03-21T05:47:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fjala.shkoder.net\/?p=2238"},"modified":"2012-03-21T06:47:37","modified_gmt":"2012-03-21T05:47:37","slug":"historiani-lempert-ne-shqiperi-drejton-dhe-komandon-ende-elita-komuniste","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/historiani-lempert-ne-shqiperi-drejton-dhe-komandon-ende-elita-komuniste\/","title":{"rendered":"Historiani Lempert: N\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri drejton dhe komandon ende elita komuniste"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\" TemA Online<\/strong>, 20 Mars 2012<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cP\u00ebrvet\u00ebsimi i bot\u00ebkuptimit t\u00eb demokracis\u00eb n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri duket kaq i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb dhe kjo ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb pjes\u00ebrisht me nj\u00eb trash\u00ebgimi nga komunizmi, ku shteti ishte i superfuqish\u00ebm, kontrollonte gjith\u00e7ka dhe qytetari shqiptar n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb nuk kishte t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e fjal\u00ebs. Tani q\u00eb ka liri, ajo duhet p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsuar, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb dish se si t\u00eb sillesh n\u00eb liri. Por ka edhe nj\u00eb faktor tjet\u00ebr, q\u00eb me sa duket p\u00ebr shqiptar\u00ebt \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb zgjedhin alternativa, sepse k\u00ebto alternativa nuk ofrohen. Qysh nga viti 1990 thuajse nuk ka pasur fare ndryshim t\u00eb elitave n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri. Elita, q\u00eb drejton tani politik\u00ebn pjes\u00ebrisht e ka prejardhjen nga i nj\u00ebjti rreth personash, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt p\u00ebrb\u00ebnin elit\u00ebn edhe n\u00eb komuniz\u00ebm\u201d. K\u00ebshtu \u00ebsht\u00eb shprehur n\u00eb nj\u00eb intervist\u00eb p\u00ebr DW, historiani dhe njoh\u00ebsi i Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb Hans-Ulrich Lempert, nga Universiteti i Vjen\u00ebs, Austri.<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebto nj\u00ebzet vjet pas zgjedhjeve t\u00eb 22 marsit 1992, q\u00eb u konsideruan si zgjedhjet e mir\u00ebfillta pluraliste, si do ta vler\u00ebsonit nivelin e demokracis\u00eb n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tranzicioni nga komunizmi n\u00eb demokraci p\u00ebr Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb ishte mjaft i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb: Shqip\u00ebria ishte nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr vendet e fundit t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs Lindore. Tranzicioni u shoq\u00ebrua nga mosmarr\u00ebveshje dhe konflikte shum\u00eb t\u00eb gjata midis partive lidhur me institucionet dhe procedurat elektorale. Sot Shqip\u00ebria pa asnj\u00eb rezerv\u00eb ka nj\u00eb demokraci: Institucionet demokratike jan\u00eb etabluar, pavar\u00ebsisht, se sot jo gjith\u00e7ka funksionon si duhet duke mos iu p\u00ebrgjigjur n\u00eb nivelin e duhur parimeve demokratike. \u00c7far\u00eb duhet par\u00eb me sy mjaft kritik \u00ebsht\u00eb efikasiteti i institucioneve, se sa funksionojn\u00eb k\u00ebto institucione sipas parimeve demokratike dhe sa vihen k\u00ebto parime n\u00eb jet\u00eb.<\/p>\n

A \u00ebsht\u00eb i konsoliduar dhe a \u00ebsht\u00eb i garantuar funksionimi i parlamentit sipas standardeve per\u00ebndimore?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Institucioni i parlamentit nuk vihet m\u00eb n\u00eb pik\u00ebpyetje nga asnj\u00ebra pal\u00eb. As parimi i zgjedhjeve t\u00eb lira nuk vihet n\u00eb dyshim. Por fakti \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb nj\u00ebzet vitet e shkuara jan\u00eb karakterizuar nga polarizimi mes dy partive t\u00eb m\u00ebdha asaj socialiste dhe demokratike, t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb qen\u00eb vazhdimisht n\u00eb konflikt me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn. K\u00ebsisoj ato e kan\u00eb bllokuar shpeshher\u00eb procesin e transformimit, sepse si nj\u00ebra, ashtu edhe tjetra parti e kan\u00eb bojkotuar parlamentin.<\/p>\n

Cilat jan\u00eb sipas jush ar\u00ebsyet e k\u00ebtij polarizimi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb nga ar\u00ebsyet \u00ebsht\u00eb personalizimi dhe hierarkizimi i fort\u00eb i k\u00ebtyre partive. Q\u00eb t\u00eb dyja partit\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb orientuara fort ndaj udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsve t\u00eb partis\u00eb, Sali Berisha n\u00eb partin\u00eb demokratike dhe Edi Rama n\u00eb partin\u00eb socialiste, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb t\u00eb fundit deri n\u00eb 2005 ka qen\u00eb e nj\u00ebjta dukuri me ish-kryetarin Fatos Nano. \u00c7do p\u00ebrballje politike dhe \u00e7do debat sillet gjithmon\u00eb rreth k\u00ebtyre dy figurave. Diskursi politik nuk zhvillohet aq p\u00ebr ideologji, apo koncepte politike, por p\u00ebrq\u00ebndrohet fort tek p\u00ebrballja midis personave q\u00eb ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb duket se merr trajt\u00ebn e armiq\u00ebsive personale.<\/p>\n

Simbioza e krijuar mes dy kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebve politik\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kjo nj\u00eb karakteristik\u00eb e politikb\u00ebrjes n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, apo njihet si dukuri edhe n\u00eb vendet e tjera postkomuniste?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kjo dukuri \u00ebsht\u00eb shfaqur n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende postkomuniste, ku \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb polarizim i fort\u00eb n\u00eb politik\u00eb, kjo edhe p\u00ebr ar\u00ebsyen se shum\u00eb shpejt partit\u00eb pasuese t\u00eb partive komuniste, partit\u00eb socialiste shum\u00eb shpejt u kthyen n\u00eb pushtet pas zgjedhjeve. Megjithat\u00eb krahasuar me vendet e tjera evropiano-lindore politika e bojkotimit t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm t\u00eb parlamentit, si\u00e7 ka ndodhur n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, \u00ebsht\u00eb relativisht unikale.<\/p>\n

Sado q\u00eb n\u00eb dukje shoq\u00ebria shqiptare \u00ebsht\u00eb e politizuar, n\u00eb mas\u00eb ndihet edhe p\u00ebrhapja e mosbesimit ndaj politik\u00ebs. A \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe kjo pasoj\u00eb e trash\u00ebgimis\u00eb komuniste, apo kemi t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb me nj\u00eb dukuri t\u00eb re t\u00eb kusht\u00ebzuar nga rrethanat aktuale?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mendoj se t\u00eb dyja k\u00ebto jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura ngusht\u00eb me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn. Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb komuniz\u00ebm kishte nj\u00eb mosbesim t\u00eb madh kundrejt shtetit, zhvillimet n\u00eb vitet 90-t\u00eb duke nisur qysh me manipulimet n\u00eb zgjedhje e deri tek kriza financiare, prej s\u00eb cil\u00ebs shtresa t\u00eb t\u00ebra t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb humb\u00ebn kursimet e tyre duke \u00e7uar n\u00eb pragun e luft\u00ebs civile, kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri t\u00eb krijohet nj\u00eb zhg\u00ebnjim i madh dhe deziluzionim sa u p\u00ebrket zhvillimeve politike.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrse duket kaq i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsimi i bot\u00ebkuptimit t\u00eb demokracis\u00eb n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Un\u00eb mendoj, se kjo ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb pjes\u00ebrisht me nj\u00eb trash\u00ebgimi nga komunizmi, ku shteti ishte i superfuqish\u00ebm, kontrollonte gjith\u00e7ka dhe qytetari shqiptar n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb nuk kishte t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e fjal\u00ebs. Tani q\u00eb ka liri, ajo duhet p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsuar: Esht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb dish se si t\u00eb sillesh n\u00eb liri, ku duhet t\u00eb jesh i p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebshe\u00ebm si p\u00ebr veprimet vetiake, ashtu edhe p\u00ebr zhvillimet n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri. Por ka edhe nj\u00eb faktor tjet\u00ebr, q\u00eb me sa duket p\u00ebr shqiptar\u00ebt \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb zgjedhin alternativa, sepse k\u00ebto alternativa nuk ofrohen. Qysh nga viti 1990 thuajse nuk ka pasur fare ndryshim t\u00eb elitave n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri. Elita, q\u00eb drejton tani politik\u00ebn pjes\u00ebrisht e ka prejardhjen nga i nj\u00ebjti rreth personash, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt p\u00ebrb\u00ebnin elit\u00ebn edhe n\u00eb komuniz\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb sip\u00ebr ju theksuat, se diskursi politik fare pak ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me koncepte, p\u00ebrse ndodh kjo?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ka shum\u00eb pak dallime programore midis dy partive t\u00eb m\u00ebdha: asaj socialiste dhe demokratike. Dallimet jan\u00eb fare t\u00eb vogla sa i p\u00ebrket politik\u00ebs s\u00eb taksave, apo asaj sociale. Por edhe midis partive t\u00eb vogla, duke ve\u00e7uar paksa partin\u00eb republikane, q\u00eb ka nj\u00eb orientim si t\u00eb thuash patriotik, dallimet programore jan\u00eb t\u00eb zbehta. Parimisht mund t\u00eb thuhet, se dallimet midis tyre nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizuara nga p\u00ebrmbajtja.<\/p>\n

A p\u00ebrb\u00ebn problem p\u00ebr funksionimin e jet\u00ebs parlamentare fakti, q\u00eb partit\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb dallime t\u00eb qarta programore?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Definitivisht: Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb nj\u00eb problem i madh. E r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb shmanget fiksimi ndaj personalizimit t\u00eb politik\u00ebs dhe q\u00eb t\u00eb vendosen pik\u00ebr\u00ebndesat programore. P.sh. edhe n\u00eb partin\u00eb socialiste ka pasur an\u00ebtar\u00eb, apo edhe drejtues, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt pas zgjedhjeve t\u00eb fundit nuk kan\u00eb qen\u00eb dakord me bojkotimin e parlamentit dhe k\u00ebrkonin kthimin n\u00eb parlament p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb opozit\u00eb konstruktive. Por p\u00ebr fat t\u00eb keq strukturat partiake jan\u00eb aq t\u00eb hierarkizuara dhe kjo pengon zgjidhjet e suksesshme.<\/p>\n

Ndon\u00ebse politika n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri dominohet nga dy partit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha q\u00eb polarizojn\u00eb, peisazhi partiak qysh n\u00eb fillimet e demokracis\u00eb e deri m\u00eb sot ka p\u00ebsuar ndryshime duke u fragmentarizuar me krijimin e partive t\u00eb reja. Esht\u00eb ky fragmentarizim n\u00eb dobi apo n\u00eb d\u00ebm t\u00eb parlamentarizmit?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Faktikisht n\u00eb k\u00ebto nj\u00ebzet vjet n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri jan\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb partish\u00eb. Por un\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb mendoja se ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb faktor, q\u00eb e ka d\u00ebmtuar parlamentarizmin, sepse partit\u00eb e vogla kan\u00eb fare pak influenc\u00eb n\u00eb politik\u00eb. P\u00ebrderisa ligjet elektorale gjithmon\u00eb kan\u00eb favorizuar partit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha, p\u00ebr partit\u00eb e vogla ka qen\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb marrin mandate parlamentare apo t\u00eb jen\u00eb pjes\u00eb e pushtetit vet\u00ebm pasi kan\u00eb hyr\u00eb n\u00eb aleanca elektorale. Ishte hera e par\u00eb me LSI-n\u00eb, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb parti t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, e cila pati sukses n\u00eb zgjedhjet e vitit 2009. Kjo ishte edhe hera e par\u00eb q\u00eb partia demokratike hyri n\u00eb koalicion me LSI-n\u00eb, nj\u00eb parti kjo e krijuar pas shk\u00ebputjes nga partia socialiste. Deri m\u00eb sot socialist\u00ebt apo demokrat\u00ebt e kan\u00eb siguruar shumic\u00ebn p\u00ebrmes aleancave elektorale. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb segmentimi as nuk e ka penguar, por as nuk e ka p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar parlamentarizmin. <\/p>\n

Kjo p\u00ebr ar\u00ebsyen, se midis partive nuk ka dallime t\u00eb qarta ideologjike si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb p.sh. n\u00eb Gjermani, ku ka nj\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizim t\u00eb qart\u00eb programor midis kristiandemokrat\u00ebve, socialdemokrat\u00ebve, liberal\u00ebve, ekologjist\u00ebve apo t\u00eb majt\u00ebve. Interesant do t\u00eb jet\u00eb zhvillimi pas formimit t\u00eb partive e reja, q\u00eb pritet t\u00eb krijohen s\u00eb shpejti n\u00eb ver\u00eb: Nj\u00ebra nga shk\u00ebputja e nj\u00eb krahu t\u00eb partis\u00eb demokratike si dhe l\u00ebvizja \u201eKuq e Zi\u201c me nj\u00eb orientim t\u00eb fort\u00eb nacional-populist, e cila me shum\u00eb gjas\u00eb do t\u00eb riformatohet si parti e mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb. Lidhur me k\u00ebt\u00eb t\u00eb fundit \u00ebsht\u00eb interesante t\u00eb m\u00ebsohet, se sa potencial do t\u00eb ket\u00eb ajo po t\u00eb nisemi nga fakti, q\u00eb shum\u00eb qytetar\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb zhg\u00ebnjyer nga politika.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

TemA Online, 20 Mars 2012 \u201cP\u00ebrvet\u00ebsimi i bot\u00ebkuptimit t\u00eb demokracis\u00eb n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri duket kaq i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb dhe kjo ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb pjes\u00ebrisht me nj\u00eb trash\u00ebgimi nga komunizmi, ku shteti ishte i superfuqish\u00ebm, kontrollonte gjith\u00e7ka dhe qytetari shqiptar n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb nuk kishte t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e fjal\u00ebs. Tani q\u00eb ka liri, ajo duhet p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsuar, \u00ebsht\u00eb e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2238","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-intervista"},"yoast_head":"\nHistoriani Lempert: N\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri drejton dhe komandon ende elita komuniste - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/historiani-lempert-ne-shqiperi-drejton-dhe-komandon-ende-elita-komuniste\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Historiani Lempert: N\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri drejton dhe komandon ende elita komuniste - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"TemA Online, 20 Mars 2012 \u201cP\u00ebrvet\u00ebsimi i bot\u00ebkuptimit t\u00eb demokracis\u00eb n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri duket kaq i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb dhe kjo ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb pjes\u00ebrisht me nj\u00eb trash\u00ebgimi nga komunizmi, ku shteti ishte i superfuqish\u00ebm, kontrollonte gjith\u00e7ka dhe qytetari shqiptar n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb nuk kishte t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e fjal\u00ebs. 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