{"id":2209,"date":"2012-03-17T21:33:47","date_gmt":"2012-03-17T20:33:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fjala.shkoder.net\/?p=2209"},"modified":"2012-03-17T21:33:47","modified_gmt":"2012-03-17T20:33:47","slug":"komunizmi-eshte-rrezuar-por-jo-vepra-e-tij-kryesore-njeriu-i-ri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/komunizmi-eshte-rrezuar-por-jo-vepra-e-tij-kryesore-njeriu-i-ri\/","title":{"rendered":"Komunizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb rr\u00ebzuar, por jo vepra e tij kryesore \u2018njeriu i ri\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\" Alfred Lela<\/strong><\/p>\n

Z. Nikolla, jam kureshtar p\u00ebr tem\u00ebn: Pse keni zgjedhur, ose pse ju ka t\u00ebrhequr m\u00eb shum\u00eb \u2018njeriu i ri\u2019 i komunizmit kur, fare mir\u00eb, mund t\u00eb kishit trajtuar \u2018njeriun oriental\u2019 t\u00eb otomanizmit? \u00cbsht\u00eb b\u00ebra tashm\u00eb pjes\u00eb e ligj\u00ebrat\u00ebs publike, dhe pothuajse merret p\u00ebr aksiomatik p\u00ebrfundimi se n\u00eb prapambetjen e shqiptar\u00ebve otomanizmi dhe komunizmi kan\u00eb luajtur rolin e dor\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/strong><\/p>\n

E mendoj pak ndryshe termin \u201cprapambetje e shqiptar\u00ebve\u201d, pasi nuk shikoj ndonj\u00eb prapambetje t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve kudo ndodhen, por prapambetje t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb di\u00e7ka tjet\u00ebr dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn kan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb kontribut t\u00eb madh nj\u00eb pakic\u00eb njer\u00ebzish t\u00eb pap\u00ebrgjegjsh\u00ebm moralisht, por m\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi t\u00eb madhe p\u00ebrball\u00eb gjykimit t\u00eb historis\u00eb. Historia, ndryshe nga gjykatat tona q\u00eb b\u00ebhen \u201czem\u00ebrbuta\u201d me par\u00e0, \u00ebsht\u00eb e pam\u00ebshirshme dhe e pakorruptueshme me pararoj\u00ebn e prapambetjes s\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa, p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket zgjedhjes, \u201cnjeriu i ri\u201d i komunizmit \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i kufizuar n\u00eb koh\u00eb dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb metodologjikisht m\u00eb e sakt\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmasat e studimit tim. \u201cNjeriu oriental\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb i shtrir\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb kohore dhe gjeografike shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe e p\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb k\u00ebrkon m\u00eb shum\u00eb koh\u00eb! \u201cNjeriu i ri\u201d i komunizmit mendoj se \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsi m\u00eb interesant p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar ngrehin\u00ebn misterioze antropologjike t\u00eb komunizmit dhe monstruozitetet e tij n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri.<\/p>\n

Sa i p\u00ebrket ligj\u00ebrimit publik mbi rolin e otomanizmit dhe komunizmit n\u00eb prapambetjen shqiptare, e shikoj shpesh shum\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsuar dhe t\u00eb instrumentalizuar politikisht dhe pa p\u00ebrmbajtje shkencore. E sakt\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte t\u00eb flisnim p\u00ebr element\u00eb specifik\u00eb t\u00eb otomanizmit dhe komunizmit, dhe jo mbi rolin e tyre \u201cn\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ideologjit\u00eb priren kryesisht kah grandiozja (madh\u00ebshtorja) dhe shpallin se duan t\u00eb krijojn\u00eb Mbinjeriun; \u00e7\u2019ne kjo \u2018modesti\u2019 e komunizmit t\u00eb Enver Hoxh\u00ebs q\u00eb k\u00ebrkoi t\u00eb krijonte N\u00ebnnjeriun, pra nj\u00eb qenie t\u00eb zhveshur nga cil\u00ebsit\u00eb individuale?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cMadh\u00ebshtorja\u201d ishte e pranishme n\u00eb humusin kulturor komunist shqiptar, por ajo ishte mish\u00ebrimi i udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit dhe partis\u00eb (q\u00eb ishte p\u00ebrs\u00ebri vet\u00eb diktatori!). Diktatori ishte i madh\u00ebrishmi dhe idhulli q\u00eb duhej adhuruar nga \u201ct\u00eb vegjlit\u201d, \u201cn\u00ebn-njer\u00ebzit\u201d. Idhulli k\u00ebrkon p\u00ebrher\u00eb flin\u00eb e tij! N\u00eb lib\u00ebr, duke iu referuar pjes\u00ebs studimore mbi komunitetin rom gjat\u00eb intervistave n\u00eb terren, kam hasur termin \u201cjo-njeri\u201d! Pra, E. Hoxha nuk ishte modest, por detyronte masat t\u00eb b\u00ebheshin modeste me dhun\u00eb!<\/p>\n

Ju jeni antropolog, por libri juaj duket se e ruan edhe sensin historik. A mund t\u00eb na thoni n\u00ebse formimi i \u2018njeriut t\u00eb ri\u2019 t\u00eb cilin trajton libri juaj, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb proces antropologjik apo historik. D.m.th, a \u00ebsht\u00eb komunizmi \u2018antropologjikisht i pajtuesh\u00ebm\u2019 me shqiptarin, apo ishte thjesht nj\u00eb \u2018incident historik\u2019?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sigurisht q\u00eb p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebrkimin rigoroz dhe q\u00eb i reziston koh\u00ebs, qasja me historin\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e domosdoshme. Un\u00eb e kam hulumtuar \u201ckrijes\u00ebn\u201d \u201cnjeri i ri\u201d n\u00eb udh\u00ebtimin e saj historik q\u00eb nga 1944 deri n\u00eb dit\u00ebt e sotme. Krijimi i tij ishte nj\u00eb proces antropologjik i shtrir\u00eb n\u00eb histori. Mendoj se as shqiptar\u00ebt e asnj\u00eb popull n\u00eb bot\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i pajtuesh\u00ebm me di\u00e7ka q\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrputhet me thelbin e qenies njer\u00ebzore: dinjitetin dhe lirin\u00eb. \u00c7do ideologji apo model politik q\u00eb cenon lirin\u00eb duhet t\u2019i b\u00ebj\u00eb llogarit\u00eb mir\u00eb me reagimin e pashmangsh\u00ebm t\u00eb t\u00eb shtypurve. P\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebt b\u00ebn\u00eb, me vones\u00eb, at\u00eb q\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb zakonisht popujt e shtypur e t\u00eb dhunuar: rebelohen. Pra, komunizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb i papajtuesh\u00ebm me \u00e7do shoq\u00ebri njer\u00ebzore t\u00eb emancipuar.<\/p>\n

Ku i shihni shenjat e k\u00ebtij \u2018njeriu t\u00eb ri\u2019 n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb e sotme?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cNjeriu i ri\u201d postkomunist nuk ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr shum\u00eb shenja q\u00eb t\u00eb kuptohet prania e tij. At\u00eb e kemi n\u00eb politik\u00eb, institucione publike e private, shkolla, spitale, me nj\u00eb fjal\u00eb kudo. Duke qen\u00eb se \u201cnjeriu i ri\u201d ishte nj\u00eb projekt thelb\u00ebsisht antropologjik, p\u00ebr largimin e tij nga skena do t\u00eb duhen disa gjenerata me \u201cnjer\u00ebz t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr\u201d (autentik\u00eb q\u00eb i rezistuan eksperimentit).<\/p>\n

N\u00eb lib\u00ebr trajtoni edhe \u2018jo-njeriun\u2019, kategori q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin t\u00eb persekutuarit dhe pakicat (rom\u00ebt, egjiptian\u00ebt). A nuk mendoni se k\u00ebtu mund t\u00eb hiqen paralele me \u2018n\u00ebnnjeriun\u2019 e nacional-socializmit (nazizmit)? Si mund t\u00eb ekzistoj\u00eb nj\u00eb paradoks i till\u00eb i trash\u00eb dhe \u00e7\u2019njer\u00ebzor brenda nj\u00eb ideologjie q\u00eb lufton p\u00ebr \u2018lirin\u00eb e proletariatit bot\u00ebror\u2019, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb shtyp n\u00ebnshtetasit e vet?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nuk shikoj ndonj\u00eb paradoks t\u00eb madh! Madje, mos u habisni, kam hasur ngjashm\u00ebri t\u00eb \u201cnjeriut t\u00eb ri komunist\u201d me at\u00eb fashist dhe nazist. \u201cNjeriu i ri\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb di\u00e7ka tipike p\u00ebr diktaturat dhe shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb veg\u00ebl t\u00eb bindur p\u00ebr mbajtjen e pushtetit. \u201cNjeriu fashist\u201d p.sh, ka ngjashm\u00ebri t\u00eb madhe me njeriun e ri komunist, sidomos n\u00eb gatishm\u00ebrin\u00eb p\u00ebr mbrojtjen e atdheut, besnik\u00ebrin\u00eb ndaj Udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit (Duce-s), paraqitjen fizike.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse njeriun e ri do ta p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsonte nj\u00eb slogan i vet\u00ebm, dhe ne e dim\u00eb se sloganet asokohe ishin nj\u00eb mjet i kudop\u00ebrdorur i edukimit t\u00eb masave, cili do t\u00eb ishte ai?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cNjeriu i ri \u2013 vep\u00ebr madh\u00ebshtore e Partis\u00eb\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb tekstin tuaj flisni p\u00ebr dhun\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdorur nga komunist\u00ebt p\u00ebr fark\u00ebtimin e \u2018njeriut t\u00eb ri\u2019, por doja t\u00eb dija se deri ku shkonte konformizmi i shqiptarit: a kishte shtresa q\u00eb iu dhan\u00eb vullnetarisht k\u00ebsaj farke shoq\u00ebrore?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fjala \u201cfark\u00ebtim\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur shum\u00eb n\u00eb kontekstin shqiptar dhe at\u00eb rumun! Vet\u00eb kjo fjal\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledh n\u00eb vetvete nj\u00eb dhun\u00eb t\u00eb madhe. Ka dy procese gjat\u00eb fenomenit t\u00eb fark\u00ebtimit t\u00eb metaleve: temperatur\u00eb tejet e lart\u00eb deri n\u00eb shkrirje t\u00eb metalit dhe goditje me \u00e7eki\u00e7 p\u00ebr t\u2019i dh\u00ebn\u00eb form\u00ebn. Kishte shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz q\u00eb vullnetarisht u shnd\u00ebrruan n\u00eb \u201cnjer\u00ebz t\u00eb rinj\u201d dhe q\u00eb u b\u00ebn\u00eb vet\u00eb fark\u00ebtues t\u00eb tij. Nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi historike n\u00eb sensin e konformizmit, ve\u00e7 strukturave dhunuese si sigurimi dhe policia e shtetit, kan\u00eb edhe Instituti i Studimeve Marksiste-Leniniste dhe Lidhja e Shkrimtar\u00ebve dhe Artist\u00ebve me trajtimin e \u201cnjeriut t\u00eb ri\u201d n\u00eb art.<\/p>\n

Sa ka ndikuar ndalimi i fes\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtimin e procesit t\u00eb fermentimit t\u00eb \u2018njeriut t\u00eb ri\u2019 dhe pse Hoxha u tregua posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht i ashp\u00ebr me klerin katolik?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Feja, si struktur\u00eb shpirt\u00ebrore e thell\u00eb morale kishte ndikim t\u00eb madh n\u00eb ruajtjen e integritetit moral t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve. P\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb, sulmi ndaj saj kishte ndikim direkt n\u00eb fermentimin e \u201cnjeriut t\u00eb ri\u201d. Natyrisht, kleri katolik ishte nd\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb shkolluarit dhe si rezultat dhuna ndaj tij ishte m\u00eb \u00e7njer\u00ebzorja. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb kontribut t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb vet\u00eb diktatori Hoxha me udh\u00ebzimet e tij p\u00ebr ashp\u00ebrsi ndaj klerit katolik. Kujtoj sharrimin p\u00ebr s\u00eb gjalli t\u00eb dom Laz\u00ebr Shantoj\u00ebs para syve t\u00eb n\u00ebn\u00ebs s\u00eb tij! Dhe ajo q\u00eb u lutej torturuesve q\u00eb ta vrisnin djalin e saj sa m\u00eb shpejt p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos e par\u00eb duke vuajtur!<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse \u2018njeriun e ri\u2019 e konsiderojm\u00eb si \u2018proces akulturimi\u2019 ose \u2018proces t\u00eb zhb\u00ebrjes kulturore\u2019, sa i gjat\u00eb do dhe duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb procesi i kund\u00ebrt, ai i \u2018kulturimit\u2019 ose i rib\u00ebrjes s\u00eb \u2018njeriut t\u00eb lir\u00eb\u2019?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Procesi i \u201cakulturimit\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb, p\u00ebr vet\u00eb natyr\u00ebn e tij, m\u00eb i shkurt\u00ebr dhe m\u00eb i leht\u00eb se procesi i \u201ckulturimit\u201d. Mjafton t\u00eb japim nj\u00eb shembull t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb: sa forc\u00eb morale (virtyt) e sa koh\u00eb, durim, pasion duhet p\u00ebr t\u2019u b\u00ebr\u00eb njeri i ndersh\u00ebm dhe, anasjelltas, sa shpejt bie dikush pr\u00e9 e s\u00eb keqes. Problemi dramatik i \u201ckulturimit\u201d n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri q\u00ebndron n\u00eb faktin se ky proces ndalohet q\u00ebllimisht nga fark\u00ebtuesit e vjet\u00ebr q\u00eb, paradoksalisht duan prap\u00eb vet\u00ebm njer\u00ebz t\u00eb rinj. N\u00eb nj\u00eb shkrim t\u00eb vitit 2006, e kam cituar n\u00eb lib\u00ebr, nj\u00eb politikan publicist k\u00ebrkon s\u00ebrish, duke iu referuar metodave t\u00eb vjetra komuniste, formimin e njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb rinj!!!<\/p>\n

Duket se \u2018njeriun e ri\u2019 t\u00eb komunizmit po e z\u00ebvend\u00ebson nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr \u2018njeri i ri\u2019 ose nj\u00eb \u2018njeri material\u2019. E kam fjal\u00ebn p\u00ebr largimin nga shpirt\u00ebrorja t\u00eb shqiptarit t\u00eb postkomunizmit. A ka nj\u00eb shteg daljeje nga kjo, apo ky rreth nuk ekziston dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb alarm i kot\u00eb mikroborgjez\u00ebsh?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Edhe n\u00eb lib\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb e pranishme nj\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje e ngjashme me pohimin tuaj. Ne shqiptar\u00ebt nuk e kap\u00ebm dot shansin historik dhe nuk e jetuam revolucionin industrial dhe gjith\u00eb impaktin e tij kulturor, thjesht u sp\u00ebrkat\u00ebm me at\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb ishte revolucioni industrial n\u00eb vendet e tjera. Ne pat\u00ebm nxit\u00ebs t\u00eb fort\u00eb moral\u00eb p\u00ebr l\u00ebvizje t\u00eb forta kulturore si v\u00ebllez\u00ebrit Frash\u00ebri, Fishta e Noli, por q\u00eb nuk pat\u00ebn shum\u00eb rezultat p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kohezionit s\u00eb dob\u00ebt socio-kulturor t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb saj\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtij fenomeni, komunizmi gjeti nj\u00eb terren t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr projektin e tij, q\u00eb po ta them me fjal\u00ebt e profesor Sami Repishtit, ishte \u201ckrijimi i njeriut t\u00eb ri q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb monstruoziteti i shekullit t\u00eb 20-t\u00eb\u201d. Rezultati \u00ebsht\u00eb prania e konsiderueshme e \u201cnjeriut material\u201d q\u00eb kujdeset pak p\u00ebr shpirt\u00ebroren dhe, shpirt\u00ebrorja \u00ebsht\u00eb foleja e moralit, jasht\u00eb saj ai nuk jeton dot! Largimi nga lidhja e s\u00ebmur\u00eb me \u201cmaterialen\u201d do t\u00eb na marr\u00eb shume koh\u00eb dhe sakrifica. Alarmi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i kot\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr ta mbyllur, na flisni pak p\u00ebr librin tuaj: pse vendos\u00ebt q\u00eb ta botoni fillimisht n\u00eb Itali dhe jo k\u00ebtu n\u00eb vendin e \u2018njeriut t\u00eb ri\u2019? Si \u00ebsht\u00eb pritur matan\u00eb Adriatikut dhe kur do t\u00eb vij\u00eb n\u00eb shqip?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Libri del n\u00eb shqip pas tre muajsh, n\u00eb qershor. Vendimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb botuar n\u00eb Itali nuk ishte i imi, por i kolegjit t\u00eb docent\u00ebve t\u00eb kursit t\u00eb Doktoratur\u00ebs n\u00eb Universitetin e Firenze-s, pasi atje \u00ebsht\u00eb prezantuar n\u00eb fillim punimi. Libri \u00ebsht\u00eb pritur shum\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00eb Itali pasi p\u00ebrkon me nj\u00eb faz\u00eb t\u00eb re t\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs se si shihet tashm\u00eb Shqip\u00ebria nga studiuesit, gazetar\u00ebt, politikan\u00ebt dhe qytetar\u00ebt italian\u00eb dhe q\u00eb i ka tejkaluar klishet\u00eb e viteve \u201890-t\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Lindja e ides\u00eb s\u00eb \u201cNjeriut t\u00eb Ri\u201d, konteksti sovjetik dhe huazimi shqiptar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Albert Nikolla \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb prej atyre pak autor\u00ebve shqiptar\u00eb q\u00eb b\u00ebn rrug\u00ebtimin e kund\u00ebrt: botohet jasht\u00eb dhe m\u00eb pas n\u00eb vendin e vet. Libri i tij studimor L\u2019uomo nuovo albanese-tra morale comunista e crisi della transizione \u00ebsht\u00eb botuar n\u00eb Itali nga Bonanno Editore dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb proces p\u00ebrkthimi e do t\u00eb sillet s\u00eb af\u00ebrmi edhe p\u00ebr publikun shqiptar. Nikolla, nj\u00eb em\u00ebr i njohur n\u00eb shtypin e shkruar t\u00eb Tiran\u00ebs, ka marr\u00eb si case study \u2018Njeriun e ri\u2019, nj\u00eb huazim sovjetik t\u00eb zbatuar edhe n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, eksperiment q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00ebrisht p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr shtremb\u00ebrimet psiko-sociale t\u00eb shqiptarit dhe Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb sotme.<\/p>\n

Albert P. Nikolla<\/strong><\/p>\n

Duhet theksuar q\u00eb n\u00eb fillim se koncepti i \u201cnjeriut t\u00eb ri\u201d shqiptar \u00ebsht\u00eb huazuar nga komunizmi sovjetik. Ndon\u00ebse i huazuar, ky koncept fiton ve\u00e7ori sui generis q\u00eb kan\u00eb pak lidhje me reflektimin filozofik marksist mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb argument.<\/p>\n

Vizioni marksist mbi \u201cnjeriun e ri\u201d bazohet kryesisht n\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e eliminimit t\u00eb \u201cndarjes s\u00eb pun\u00ebs\u201d, q\u00eb sipas Marksit p\u00ebrb\u00ebn motivin kryesor t\u00eb \u201ctjet\u00ebrsimit\u201d dhe t\u00eb stresit p\u00ebr pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt n\u00eb sistemin kapitalist. Kjo \u201cndarje e pun\u00ebs\u201d, sipas tyre, e skllav\u00ebronte njeriun dhe p\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb, n\u00eb sistemin socialist duhet t\u00eb synojm\u00eb t\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb \u201cnjeri t\u00eb ri\u201d t\u00eb lir\u00eb nga skllav\u00ebria e \u201cndarjes s\u00eb pun\u00ebs\u201d. Skllav\u00ebrimi kishte t\u00eb b\u00ebnte me nj\u00eb realitet t\u00eb dyfisht\u00eb: nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb pun\u00ebtori ishte nj\u00eb krah pune n\u00ebn sundimin e pronarit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes dhe subjekt i p\u00ebrfitimit t\u00eb mbivler\u00ebs, nga ana tjet\u00ebr skllav\u00ebrimi vinte edhe nga mjetet e prodhimit q\u00eb ai p\u00ebrdorte, pasi ai kufizohej vet\u00ebm n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e nj\u00eb makine, ndrydhej krejt\u00ebsisht dhe ishte i paaft\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer nj\u00eb pun\u00eb tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrball\u00eb k\u00ebtij pun\u00ebtori t\u00eb rob\u00ebruar t\u00eb sistemit kapitalist, duhet krijuar nj\u00eb \u201cnjeri i ri\u201d krejt\u00ebsisht i zhvilluar dhe \u201cpoliteknik\u201d q\u00eb nuk ka vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb, por shum\u00eb profesione, q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb skllav i nj\u00eb makine n\u00eb fabrik\u00eb, por q\u00eb di shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra t\u00eb tjera e madje ka edhe p\u00ebrmas\u00eb shpirt\u00ebrore q\u00eb kultivohet vazhdimisht. Ja si e p\u00ebrshkruan studiuesi italian B. Spirito \u201cnjeriun e ri\u201d n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb perspektiv\u00eb:<\/p>\n

\u201cGjith\u00eb problemi i eliminimit t\u00eb ndarjes s\u00eb parcelizuar t\u00eb pun\u00ebs dhe reduktimit t\u00eb nevojave n\u00eb nj\u00eb minimum jetik p\u00ebrb\u00ebn at\u00eb \u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb par\u00ebsore p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar figur\u00ebn e njeriut t\u00eb ri, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb individ krejt\u00ebsisht i zhvilluar, ve\u00e7orit\u00eb e t\u00eb cilit mund t\u2019i p\u00ebrshkruajm\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb form\u00eb: ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pun\u00ebtor, i cili n\u00eb ndryshim nga figura e vjet\u00ebr e pun\u00ebtorit t\u00eb parcelizuar (fragmentar) q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ingranazh i thjesht\u00eb i nj\u00eb procedure prodhimi industrial, ushtron n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebmbyeshme funksione t\u00eb shumta n\u00eb mjaft deg\u00eb t\u00eb prodhimit n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet zhvillimit t\u00eb lir\u00eb t\u00eb aft\u00ebsive t\u00eb veta\u201d.<\/p>\n

Pra, \u201cnjeriu i ri\u201d do t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj politekniku, q\u00eb di t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb shum\u00eb pun\u00eb nj\u00ebher\u00ebsh n\u00eb bashk\u00ebrendim me kolektivin komunist dhe sidomos n\u00eb ambientin industrial t\u00eb pun\u00ebs. Kujtojm\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb q\u00eb i jepte Partia klas\u00ebs pun\u00ebtore si nd\u00ebrtuese e socializmit dhe \u201csyri kritik\u201d ndaj kooperativist\u00ebve q\u00eb ishin t\u00eb lidhur akoma me pron\u00ebn private.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb ecurin\u00eb e reflektimin t\u00eb Marksit, Eng\u00eblsit dhe disa mendimtar\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb marksist\u00eb, \u00e7el\u00ebsi i interpretimit t\u00eb figur\u00eb s\u00eb njeriut t\u00eb ri \u00ebsht\u00eb teknik dhe vet\u00ebm rrjedhoja e m\u00ebvonshme mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb efekte sociale mbi t\u00eb. Nuk shohim pra element\u00eb moral\u00eb tek figura e njeriut t\u00eb ri n\u00eb fillesat e reflektimit marksist. Aq e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kjo gj\u00eb, saq\u00eb disa autor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb flasin, p\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb eliminim t\u00eb \u201c\u00e7\u00ebshtjes morale\u201d n\u00eb doktrin\u00ebn marksiste. Lenini, n\u00eb artikullin e tij \u201cP\u00ebrmbajtja ekonomike e Narodnizmit dhe kritika e tij n\u00eb librin e Z. Struve\u201d n\u00eb vitin 1894 shkruante:<\/p>\n

\u201cPra, nuk mund t\u00eb mos e konsiderojm\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb pohimin e Zombari-it q\u00eb \u00abn\u00eb doktrin\u00ebn marksiste, q\u00eb nga fillimi deri n\u00eb fund nuk gjejm\u00eb asnj\u00eb th\u00ebrrmij\u00eb etike\u00bb: p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket pjes\u00ebs teorike, \u00abpik\u00ebpamjen etike\u00bb marksizmi ia n\u00ebnshtron \u00abprincipit t\u00eb shkak\u00ebsis\u00eb\u00bb, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket pjes\u00ebs praktike, ia n\u00ebnshtron luft\u00ebs s\u00eb klasave\u201d.<\/p>\n

Duket qart\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyre e re e interpretimit t\u00eb etik\u00ebs marksiste nga Lenini. Interpretimi filozofik i etik\u00ebs reduktohet vet\u00ebm n\u00eb nivelin antropologjik t\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs s\u00eb sjelljes dhe edukimit t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb rinj, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebhen t\u00eb mir\u00eb. Kjo m\u00ebnyr\u00eb e t\u00eb parit t\u00eb gj\u00ebrave nuk ka lidhje t\u00eb fort\u00eb me vizionin marksist t\u00eb etik\u00ebs t\u00eb shprehur nga Marksi dhe Eng\u00eblsi.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebn k\u00ebt\u00eb frym\u00eb arsyetimi lind koncepti i \u201cnjeriut t\u00eb ri\u201d n\u00eb kontekstin e socializmit sovjetik. Njeriu i ri \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb model moral q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ndiqet nga t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, pasi t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, pa p\u00ebrjashtim duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhen \u201cnjer\u00ebz t\u00eb rinj\u201d. Ata q\u00eb nuk b\u00ebhen, i n\u00ebnshtrohen ashp\u00ebrsis\u00eb s\u00eb luft\u00ebs s\u00eb klasave.<\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 e tham\u00eb n\u00eb fillim, socializmi shqiptar e huazon konceptin e njeriut t\u00eb ri nga ai sovjetik. Kjo del n\u00eb pah edhe n\u00eb revist\u00ebn Rruga e Partis\u00eb, numrat e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs jan\u00eb analizuar q\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb q\u00eb nga viti 1953 deri n\u00eb vitin 1989. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, si autor\u00ebt sovjetik\u00eb, edhe autor\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb e shikojn\u00eb krijimin e njeriut t\u00eb ri si procedur\u00eb morale. Por, duke analizuar numrat e m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm t\u00eb revist\u00ebs, njeriu i ri shqiptar fillon e merr ve\u00e7ori tipike shqiptare q\u00eb e b\u00ebjn\u00eb at\u00eb nj\u00eb figur\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00ebp\u00ebrcaktuar e q\u00eb dallon nga modeli klasik komunist.<\/p>\n

Numri i par\u00eb i revist\u00ebs Rruga e Partis\u00eb ka dal\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1953, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb flitet p\u00ebr \u201cnjeriun e ri\u201d nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb von\u00eb dhe vazhdimisht n\u00eb vitet e tjera n\u00eb \u00e7do num\u00ebr t\u00eb saj. Nuk ka reflektim ku t\u00eb mos dal\u00eb direkt apo indirekt kjo figur\u00eb kaq e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e socializmit. P\u00ebrkufizimin e figur\u00ebs s\u00eb \u201cnjeriut t\u00eb ri\u201d nuk e japin autor\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb. P\u00ebrkufizimi merret nga nj\u00eb autor sovjetik, Igor Kon, n\u00eb numrin 8 t\u00eb revist\u00ebs t\u00eb vitit 1954:<\/p>\n

\u201cDuke u nisur nga superioriteti i sistemit socialist dhe nga kujdesi i vazhduesh\u00ebm i Partis\u00eb p\u00ebr edukimin komunist t\u00eb punonj\u00ebsve t\u00eb vendit ton\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur njeriu i ri, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb bart\u00ebs i vlerave t\u00eb larta politike e morale, nd\u00ebrtues i komunizmit dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb pakrahasimisht m\u00eb i denj\u00eb se \u00e7do p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues i bot\u00ebs s\u00eb vjet\u00ebr. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb njeri, interesat personale t\u00eb t\u00eb cilit jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura pazgjidhshm\u00ebrisht me interesat e popullit, ai \u00ebsht\u00eb gati t\u00eb luftoj\u00eb deri n\u00eb vet\u00ebmohim p\u00ebr kauz\u00ebn e Komunizmit.<\/p>\n

Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb njeri, q\u00ebndrimi i t\u00eb cilit p\u00ebr jet\u00ebn \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrher\u00eb krijues, ai nuk mund ta mendoj\u00eb jet\u00ebn pa pun\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb humanist i cili, duke ngritur lart flamurin e dinjitetit njer\u00ebzor dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb gati p\u00ebr t\u00eb sakrifikuar vetveten n\u00eb luft\u00eb p\u00ebr lumturin\u00eb e njer\u00ebzimit. Borgjezia q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb duke vdekur ka frik\u00eb nga ai dhe e urren, vet\u00eb ekzistenca e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb mohimi i regjimit kapitalist. Ideolog\u00ebt e borgjezis\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm t\u00eb shpifin n\u00eb \u00e7do m\u00ebnyr\u00eb kund\u00ebr tij\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizimi m\u00eb i plot\u00eb n\u00eb panoram\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare komuniste dhe jo m\u00eb kot autor\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb e konsiderojn\u00eb at\u00eb si pik\u00eb fillimi t\u00eb analizave t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme n\u00eb fark\u00ebtimin e njeriut t\u00eb ri shqiptar. Duke analizuar artikullin e studiuesit sovjetik, bie n\u00eb sy fakti q\u00eb qysh n\u00eb fillim ai flet p\u00ebr suksese t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm t\u00eb njeriut t\u00eb ri duke folur p\u00ebr fabrika e p\u00ebr uzina, por asnj\u00ebher\u00eb (sic!) nuk jep referenca se n\u00eb cilin vend kan\u00eb ndodhur k\u00ebto suksese t\u00eb m\u00ebdha.<\/p>\n

Manipulimi, si\u00e7 do ta shohim edhe n\u00eb kapitujt e tjer\u00eb, e shoq\u00ebron p\u00ebrher\u00eb fark\u00ebtimin e figur\u00ebs s\u00eb njeriut t\u00eb ri. Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr element interesant q\u00eb delnga ky artikull q\u00ebndron n\u00eb faktin se ai pohon se njeriu i i ri \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar p\u00ebrfundimisht n\u00eb Bashkimin Sovjetik. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb revist\u00ebn Rruga e Partis\u00eb\u201d duket se ka nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje t\u00eb vazhdueshme p\u00ebr krijimin e k\u00ebsaj figure dhe hera her\u00ebs ka konfuzion dhe pohohet nga disa autor\u00eb se akoma nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar, nga autor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb pohohet se \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar dhe duhet ta ruajm\u00eb nga \u201cinfeksionet e mbeturinave t\u00eb s\u00eb kaluar\u00ebs\u201d.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Bashkimin Sovjetik, formimit t\u00eb njeriut t\u00eb ri i jepej nj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi e jasht\u00ebzakonshme. N\u00eb vitin 1970, L. Brezhnjev, kryetar i Partis\u00eb Komuniste t\u00eb BS pohonte:<\/p>\n

\u201c \u2026 n\u00eb raportin e paraqitur n\u00eb Kongresin XXII t\u00eb Partis\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1970, q\u00eb njeriu sovjetik p\u00ebrb\u00ebn rezultatin m\u00eb kuptimplot\u00eb t\u00eb gjasht\u00ebdhjet\u00eb viteve t\u00eb fundit\u201d.<\/p>\n

Me termin \u201cnjeri sovjetik\u201d kuptohet \u201cnjeriu i ri\u201d dhe t\u00eb dy termat n\u00eb literatur\u00ebn mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb argument jan\u00eb t\u00eb barazvlefsh\u00ebm. Megjith\u00ebse Brezhnjev flet p\u00ebr gjasht\u00ebdhjet\u00eb vitet e fundit duke iu referuar krijimit t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj figure, termin \u201cnjeri i ri\u201d n\u00eb kontekstin rus e gjem\u00eb para vendosjes s\u00eb komunizmit. At\u00eb e gjejm\u00eb shtjelluar n\u00eb romanin \u00c7\u2019t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb t\u00eb autorit rus \u00c7ernishevskij. Lenini, pasi kishte lexuar k\u00ebt\u00eb roman ishte shprehur se kishte ngelur t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht i impresionuar. Megjith\u00ebse si term \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur akoma m\u00eb her\u00ebt nga nj\u00eb grupim politik misterioz para revolucionit i quajtur \u201cKomiteti Qendror Revolucionar\u201d.<\/p>\n

*Materiali, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb dor\u00ebzuar nga autori, ka qen\u00eb i shoq\u00ebruar me footnotes. Ato jan\u00eb hequr nga redaksia p\u00ebr arsye teknike.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Alfred Lela Z. Nikolla, jam kureshtar p\u00ebr tem\u00ebn: Pse keni zgjedhur, ose pse ju ka t\u00ebrhequr m\u00eb shum\u00eb \u2018njeriu i ri\u2019 i komunizmit kur, fare mir\u00eb, mund t\u00eb kishit trajtuar \u2018njeriun oriental\u2019 t\u00eb otomanizmit? \u00cbsht\u00eb b\u00ebra tashm\u00eb pjes\u00eb e ligj\u00ebrat\u00ebs publike, dhe pothuajse merret p\u00ebr aksiomatik p\u00ebrfundimi se n\u00eb prapambetjen e shqiptar\u00ebve otomanizmi dhe komunizmi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2209","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-intervista"},"yoast_head":"\nKomunizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb rr\u00ebzuar, por jo vepra e tij kryesore \u2018njeriu i ri\u2019 - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/komunizmi-eshte-rrezuar-por-jo-vepra-e-tij-kryesore-njeriu-i-ri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Komunizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb rr\u00ebzuar, por jo vepra e tij kryesore \u2018njeriu i ri\u2019 - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Alfred Lela Z. Nikolla, jam kureshtar p\u00ebr tem\u00ebn: Pse keni zgjedhur, ose pse ju ka t\u00ebrhequr m\u00eb shum\u00eb \u2018njeriu i ri\u2019 i komunizmit kur, fare mir\u00eb, mund t\u00eb kishit trajtuar \u2018njeriun oriental\u2019 t\u00eb otomanizmit? \u00cbsht\u00eb b\u00ebra tashm\u00eb pjes\u00eb e ligj\u00ebrat\u00ebs publike, dhe pothuajse merret p\u00ebr aksiomatik p\u00ebrfundimi se n\u00eb prapambetjen e shqiptar\u00ebve otomanizmi dhe komunizmi […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/komunizmi-eshte-rrezuar-por-jo-vepra-e-tij-kryesore-njeriu-i-ri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2012-03-17T20:33:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/www.shkoder.net\/2012\/ap_nikolla.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"17 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fjala.info\\\/2009-2015\\\/komunizmi-eshte-rrezuar-por-jo-vepra-e-tij-kryesore-njeriu-i-ri\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fjala.info\\\/2009-2015\\\/komunizmi-eshte-rrezuar-por-jo-vepra-e-tij-kryesore-njeriu-i-ri\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fjala.info\\\/2009-2015\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3aa1163ef05469c496fc94e77611ada2\"},\"headline\":\"Komunizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb rr\u00ebzuar, por jo vepra e tij kryesore \u2018njeriu i ri\u2019\",\"datePublished\":\"2012-03-17T20:33:47+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fjala.info\\\/2009-2015\\\/komunizmi-eshte-rrezuar-por-jo-vepra-e-tij-kryesore-njeriu-i-ri\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":3470,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fjala.info\\\/2009-2015\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fjala.info\\\/2009-2015\\\/komunizmi-eshte-rrezuar-por-jo-vepra-e-tij-kryesore-njeriu-i-ri\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.shkoder.net\\\/2012\\\/ap_nikolla.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Intervista\"],\"inLanguage\":\"sq-AL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/fjala.info\\\/2009-2015\\\/komunizmi-eshte-rrezuar-por-jo-vepra-e-tij-kryesore-njeriu-i-ri\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fjala.info\\\/2009-2015\\\/komunizmi-eshte-rrezuar-por-jo-vepra-e-tij-kryesore-njeriu-i-ri\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fjala.info\\\/2009-2015\\\/komunizmi-eshte-rrezuar-por-jo-vepra-e-tij-kryesore-njeriu-i-ri\\\/\",\"name\":\"Komunizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb rr\u00ebzuar, por jo vepra e tij kryesore \u2018njeriu i ri\u2019 - 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