{"id":2076,"date":"2014-10-17T15:20:00","date_gmt":"2014-10-17T14:20:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fjala.info\/?p=2076"},"modified":"2014-10-17T15:20:00","modified_gmt":"2014-10-17T14:20:00","slug":"informacioni-dhe-inteligjenca-e-pergjithshme-per-integrimin-e-vendit-ne-be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/informacioni-dhe-inteligjenca-e-pergjithshme-per-integrimin-e-vendit-ne-be\/","title":{"rendered":"Informacioni dhe inteligjenca e p\u00ebrgjithshme p\u00ebr integrimin e vendit n\u00eb BE"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\" Bujar Abedinaj<\/strong>, Doktorant pran\u00eb Akademis\u00eb s\u00eb FA<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00eb vend t\u00eb hyrjes<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00ebshtja n\u00eb vijim \u00ebsht\u00eb shk\u00ebputur nga pjesa e dyt\u00eb e punimit tim me titull, \u201cInteligjenca komb\u00ebtare: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrqasje me synimin e vendit p\u00ebr integrimin n\u00eb BE\u201d, e pranuar p\u00ebr botim dhe e prezantuar n\u00eb Konferenc\u00ebn Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare Shkencore t\u00eb Universitetit \u201cMarin Barleti\u201d, mbajtur n\u00eb Tiran\u00eb, m\u00eb 30 \u2013 31 maj 2013.<\/p>\n

Gjithashtu, \u00e7\u00ebshtja n\u00eb fjal\u00eb shoq\u00ebrohet me p\u00ebrfundimet kryesore nga materiali, meqen\u00ebse rrjedha e tyre organike p\u00ebrcaktohet kryesisht nga p\u00ebrmbajtja e k\u00ebsaj \u00e7\u00ebshtjeje. Synimi kryesor i k\u00ebsaj tematike \u00ebsht\u00eb trajtimi i informacionit dhe p\u00ebrsosja e strukturave p\u00ebr realizimin e nj\u00eb inteligjence t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme, q\u00eb \u00e7on p\u00ebrpara dhe materializon synimin e vendit p\u00ebr integrimin n\u00eb BE.<\/p>\n

…<\/p>\n

Informacioni dhe inteligjenca e p\u00ebrgjithshme<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pas vler\u00ebsimit t\u00eb shqipes n\u00eb pik\u00eb-takimin mes dy familjeve gjuh\u00ebsore, romane dhe gjermanike, si dhe evidentimit t\u00eb dallimeve mes dy m\u00ebnyrave kryesore t\u00eb t\u00eb menduarit n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebt sintetike dhe analitike, lind vetvetiu nevoja p\u00ebr trajtimin e informacionit dhe prodhimin e nj\u00eb inteligjence t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme, t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme deri n\u00eb at\u00eb mas\u00eb sa t\u00eb mund t\u00eb na ndihmoj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019i shqyrtuar, harmonizuar dhe konsoliduar raportet n\u00eb t\u00eb dyja an\u00ebt e medaljes, apo n\u00eb t\u00eb dyja polet e sistemit (sintetiko-analitik.) P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb q\u00ebllim problemi mund t\u00eb shqyrtohet nga disa pik\u00ebpamje.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrzgjedhja e informacionit t\u00eb domosdosh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur nj\u00eb synim ose avantazh, q\u00eb informacioni i zakonsh\u00ebm nuk e mb\u00ebshtet.<\/p>\n

Nga pik\u00ebpamja e inteligjenc\u00ebs, jo \u00e7far\u00ebdolloj informacioni sh\u00ebrben p\u00ebr inteligjenc\u00eb, (Taylor, 2007), por vet\u00ebm ai lloj informacioni q\u00eb siguron avantazh n\u00eb procesin e politik\u00eb-b\u00ebrjes dhe vendim-marrjes. Nd\u00ebrsa politik\u00eb-b\u00ebrja dhe vendim-marrja mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb personale, ose si grup, organizat\u00eb, shtres\u00eb, entitet, popullat\u00eb, parti, shoq\u00ebri, institucion, shtet, etj.<\/p>\n

Duke kaluar n\u00eb secil\u00ebn nga k\u00ebto hallka p\u00ebrshkall\u00ebzohet edhe niveli i inteligjenc\u00ebs, nga inteligjenca individuale deri te inteligjenca e grupit, organizat\u00ebs, entitetit, popullsive, shoq\u00ebris\u00eb, shtetit, pse jo edhe deri te inteligjenca e nj\u00eb kombi. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst, me inteligjenc\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme mund t\u00eb kuptohet aft\u00ebsia e shkrirjes dhe shnd\u00ebrrimit t\u00eb inteligjencave individuale n\u00eb ato m\u00eb t\u00eb organizuara, q\u00eb arrijn\u00eb t\u00eb konkretizohen deri te inteligjenca e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb, shtetit dhe kombit si nj\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa, duke huazuar nga Sh\u00ebrbimet e inteligjenc\u00ebs, mund t\u00eb themi se Inteligjenca komb\u00ebtare p\u00ebrfshin nd\u00ebrveprimin e disa funksioneve, si: p\u00ebrcaktimi i nevojave dhe planifikimi i k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr informacion, grumbullimi, p\u00ebrpunimi dhe analiza, si dhe shp\u00ebrndarja e informacionit p\u00ebr shfryt\u00ebzim nga hallkat e ndryshme t\u00eb politik\u00eb-b\u00ebrjes dhe vendim-marrjes. Por funksioni kryesor n\u00eb brend\u00ebsi t\u00eb ciklit t\u00eb inteligjenc\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedhja e informacionit t\u00eb domosdosh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur nj\u00eb synim ose avantazh, q\u00eb informacioni i zakonsh\u00ebm nuk e mb\u00ebshtet.<\/p>\n

Te funksioni p\u00ebrzgjedh\u00ebs takohen dhe ngjasojn\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha llojet e inteligjencave nd\u00ebrsa inteligjenca e p\u00ebrgjithshme \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedhje mbi p\u00ebrzgjedhje.<\/p>\n

Taylor \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00ebri nga studiuesit q\u00eb ka shpjeguar konceptin e inteligjenc\u00ebs duke u nisur nga prejardhja n\u00eb rr\u00ebnj\u00ebt e k\u00ebsaj fjale. Sipas tij, fjala inteligjenc\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb me origjin\u00eb latine, dhe ka rrjedhur nga bashkimi i parashtes\u00ebs\u201cinter\u201d (midis) me fjal\u00ebn \u201cleger\u201d (nd\u00ebrmjet). Kuptimi i fjal\u00ebs \u201cLeger\u201d lidhej me \u201cmbledhjen e frutave dhe perimeve\u201d, nd\u00ebrsa fjala \u201cinter\u201d lidhej me p\u00ebrzgjedhjen midis tyre.<\/p>\n

Me kalimin e koh\u00ebs, k\u00ebto dy fjal\u00eb u kombinuan n\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00eb vetme, dhe gradualisht, kuptimi i inteligjenc\u00ebs evoluoi duke treguar aft\u00ebsit\u00eb dhe prirjet e nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb zgjedhje t\u00eb men\u00e7ura dhe t\u00eb frytshme. Pra, pavar\u00ebsisht inteligjencave t\u00eb ndryshme, n\u00eb brend\u00ebsi t\u00eb cil\u00ebsdo lloj inteligjence thelbi ka mbetur i nj\u00ebjt\u00eb, ku \u00e7\u00ebshtja e inteligjenc\u00ebs nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr ve\u00e7se nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje p\u00ebrzgjedhjeje; nd\u00ebrsa diferencat q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb te procedurat.<\/p>\n

E nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb mund t\u00eb thuhet edhe p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbimet e ndryshme t\u00eb inteligjenc\u00ebs. K\u00ebshtu p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb kontekstin e k\u00ebtyre sh\u00ebrbimeve, ka nj\u00eb histori t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb shpjegoj\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebn, metamorfoz\u00ebn dhe hopet q\u00eb ka p\u00ebsuar termi inteligjenc\u00eb p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb kalimit nga inteligjenca e jashtme n\u00eb inteligjenc\u00ebn e brendshme. Por n\u00eb thelb edhe k\u00ebtu procesi iinteligjenc\u00ebs nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr ve\u00e7se nj\u00eb proces dhe aft\u00ebsi p\u00ebrzgjedhjeje. Nd\u00ebrsa natyrat e p\u00ebrzgjedhjeve po diferencohen p\u00ebrher\u00eb e m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, sipas fushave t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta ku po zhvillohen eksperiencat.<\/p>\n

Tre kategori punonj\u00ebsish q\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushin funksionet kryesore t\u00ebinteligjenc\u00ebs.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrmjet fushave t\u00eb disa eksperiencave t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta, qart\u00ebsisht t\u00eb dallueshme nga nj\u00ebra-tjetra, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendim se veprojn\u00eb tre kategori punonj\u00ebsish: ata q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb dhe grumbullojn\u00eb informacion duhet t\u00eb ken\u00eb inteligjenc\u00ebn specifike p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar dhe p\u00ebrzgjedhur informacionin e duhur; ata q\u00eb p\u00ebrpunojn\u00eb informacionin dhe prodhojn\u00eb inteligjenc\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ken\u00eb inteligjenc\u00ebn e duhur p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedhur dhe p\u00ebrdorur element\u00ebt e p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm midis procedurave q\u00eb p\u00ebrcjellin p\u00ebrpunimin e informacionit dhe prodhimin e inteligjenc\u00ebs; dhe m\u00eb n\u00eb fund, ata q\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb politikat dhe marrin vendimet duhet t\u00eb ken\u00eb inteligjenc\u00ebn e duhur p\u00ebr t\u00eb ditur t\u00eb zgjedhin midis alternativave t\u00eb rekomandimeve dhe p\u00ebrfundimeve q\u00eb u ofrohen, por edhe t\u00eb kuptojn\u00eb dhe k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb u mungon.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb aspektin e natyr\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedhjes punonj\u00ebsit e kategoris\u00eb s\u00eb tret\u00eb ngjajn\u00eb me ata t\u00eb kategoris\u00eb s\u00eb par\u00eb, pavar\u00ebsisht disnivelit, sepse inteligjenca e tyre k\u00ebrkohet t\u00eb jet\u00eb konkrete: t\u00eb par\u00ebt p\u00ebrzgjedhin midis informacioneve t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuara apo t\u00eb vler\u00ebsuara, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb tret\u00ebt p\u00ebrzgjedhin midis alternativave t\u00eb rekomandimeve e p\u00ebrfundimeve (pra nj\u00eblloj informacioni edhe ky \u2013 por t\u00eb par\u00ebt e k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb n\u00eb \u201cterren\u201d, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb tret\u00ebt \u2013 n\u00eb letra) mbi baz\u00ebn e informacioneve t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunuara dhe analizuara nga t\u00eb dyt\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrkundrazi, punonj\u00ebsit e kategoris\u00eb s\u00eb dyt\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb thell\u00ebsisht pasi p\u00ebr ata nuk ka shum\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi natyra e p\u00ebrfundimeve por m\u00ebnyra, procedura, sakt\u00ebsia dhe siguria se si kan\u00eb arritur deri aty. P\u00ebr k\u00ebta t\u00eb fundit k\u00ebrkohet nj\u00eb lloj inteligjence e p\u00ebrgjithshme, nj\u00eb aft\u00ebsi e p\u00ebrzgjedhjes midis element\u00ebve t\u00eb procedurave q\u00eb trajtojn\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimin dhe analiz\u00ebn einformacionit, duke zot\u00ebruar nj\u00eb lloj edukimi t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm \u201cspecifik\u201d, mbi baz\u00ebn e njohurive t\u00eb konfirmuara nga ato sfera t\u00eb dijes, q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin, harmonizohen ose lidhen me fush\u00ebn specifike t\u00eb ekspertiz\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Kjo lloj ekspertize apo ky formim i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm \u201cspecifik\u201d nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i domosdosh\u00ebm p\u00ebr kategorin\u00eb e udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit, madje as i nevojsh\u00ebm. Por p\u00ebr t\u2019u kompensuar nj\u00eb \u201cboshll\u00ebk\u201d i till\u00eb (q\u00eb udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit tan\u00eb zor se e njohin) lypset nj\u00eb pun\u00eb e menduar dhe afatgjat\u00eb n\u00eb formimin dhe p\u00ebrzgjedhjen e kategoris\u00eb s\u00eb punonj\u00ebsve t\u00eb tipit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb sh\u00ebrbyesit potencial\u00eb n\u00eb stafet e ndryshme t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjes.<\/p>\n

Inteligjenca e p\u00ebrgjithshme nevojitet p\u00ebr t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit.<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb kontekstin shqiptar t\u00eb b\u00ebn p\u00ebrshtypje superioriteti i padiskutuesh\u00ebm i udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsve per\u00ebndimor\u00eb n\u00eb raportet e tyre me udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit tan\u00eb. T\u00eb b\u00ebn p\u00ebrshtypje eleganca dhe lirshm\u00ebria e tyre n\u00eb komunikim, pavar\u00ebsisht nga thjesht\u00ebsia e mendimeve q\u00eb shpalosin. Mbase v\u00ebrtet\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00eb apo filozof\u00eb, por gjithsesi t\u00eb sakt\u00eb dhe efektiv\u00eb. Kjo sepse lirshm\u00ebria dhe zhd\u00ebrvjellt\u00ebsia e tyre rrjedh natyrsh\u00ebm nga nj\u00eb pun\u00eb e t\u00ebr\u00eb e stafeve t\u00eb veta t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjes.<\/p>\n

Nuk ka pse udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsi t\u2019i njoh\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha detajet dhe procedurat e ndjekura nga analist\u00ebt n\u00eb lidhje me p\u00ebrfundimet e arritura. Mjafton q\u00eb ai mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedh\u00eb midis k\u00ebtyre p\u00ebrfundimeve mbi baz\u00ebn e formimit t\u00eb vet t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm, ose sipas eksperienc\u00ebs empirike personale, duke \u201ci mbushur\u201d p\u00ebrzgjedhjet e veta me nj\u00eb argumentim t\u00eb thjesht\u00ebzuar apo t\u00eb natyralizuar p\u00ebr nivelin e komunikimit spontan, t\u00eb lir\u00eb dhe t\u00eb hapur me pal\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr. Por ata (udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit per\u00ebndimor\u00eb) din\u00eb t\u00eb frenohen p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos kaluar n\u00eb \u201cteorizime.\u201d<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, \u201csekreti\u201d q\u00ebndron i maskuar p\u00ebrtej pohimeve t\u00eb udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit, tek puna e palodhur dhe e kualifikuar e stafeve t\u00eb analiz\u00ebs (p\u00ebrndryshe, te arsyeja m\u00eb e thell\u00eb e Pse \u2013 PO-ve dhe Pse \u2013 JO-ve), nd\u00ebrsa udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsi \u201cluan\u201d me p\u00ebrfundimet e analiz\u00ebs, shpesh duke i p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsuar, thjesht\u00ebsuar dhe i justifikuar ato me zgjidhjet dhe argumentet vetjake t\u00eb dit\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Ndaj, besoj se k\u00ebtu q\u00ebndron arsyeja, q\u00eb ky tip udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsi befason me \u00e7ilt\u00ebrsin\u00eb e tij personale e njer\u00ebzore dhe komunikimin e shpenguar me homologun e vet p\u00ebrball\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrsa udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit tan\u00eb mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb prir\u00eb shpesh drejt imitimit (di\u00e7ka normale, sepse nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb keq t\u00eb ndjek\u00ebsh nj\u00eb model m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb se vetvetja), por pa ditur (si duhet) se \u00e7far\u00eb inteligjence \u00ebsht\u00eb derdhur n\u00eb temat e prekura nga miqt\u00eb. Dhe pastaj, udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit tan\u00eb, dikur mund t\u00eb kujtojn\u00eb se jan\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb me ta, pa kuptuar m\u00eb par\u00eb nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u2019u barazuar edhe n\u00eb cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e stafeve q\u00eb i mb\u00ebshtesin.<\/p>\n

Udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit tan\u00eb kan\u00eb preferencat e veta n\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedhjen e stafeve t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjes, por shpesh ata mund t\u2019i ken\u00eb toleruar mang\u00ebsit\u00eb n\u00eb llojin e domosdosh\u00ebm t\u00eb inteligjenc\u00ebs q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb zot\u00ebrojn\u00eb. Mir\u00ebpo, pavar\u00ebsisht fushave t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta t\u00eb ekspertiz\u00ebs, ka nj\u00eb inteligjenc\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme n\u00eb disa drejtime, q\u00eb mendoj se \u00ebsht\u00eb e domosdoshme dhe nuk mund t\u00eb anashkalohet. N\u00eb hierarkin\u00eb e njohurive kjo inteligjenc\u00eb q\u00ebndron si \u201ckushti pa t\u00eb cilin\u201d, ku njohurit\u00eb pasuese mund t\u00eb dalin nga sistemi dhe t\u00eb humbasin dobin\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Drejtimet themelore t\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedhjes nga inteligjenca e p\u00ebrgjithshme.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Po ndalem shkurtimisht te drejtimet themelore, q\u00eb mendoj se p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb spektrin e inteligjenc\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme dhe t\u00eb domosdoshme p\u00ebr stafet e ndryshme t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjes, n\u00eb nivelin shtet\u00ebror dhe komb\u00ebtar. (Them shkurtimisht, pasi secili nga drejtimet do k\u00ebrkonte studime t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta.)<\/p>\n

S\u00eb pari, inteligjenca e p\u00ebrgjithshme mund t\u00eb shihet si nj\u00eb aft\u00ebsi e p\u00ebrzgjedhjes s\u00eb procedurave informative midis \u201cjasht\u00eb\u201d dhe \u201cbrenda\u201d vendit, ose midis pik\u00ebnisjeve dhe q\u00ebllimit p\u00ebrfundimtar n\u00eb sigurimin e informacionit. Duhen njohur nuancat dhe diferencat n\u00eb procedurat p\u00ebr sigurimin e informacionit midis \u201cbrenda\u201d dhe \u201cjasht\u00eb\u201d, mes vendeve ku dominon mend\u00ebsia analitike n\u00eb raport me ato ku dominon mend\u00ebsia sintetike, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe ve\u00e7orit\u00eb n\u00eb rastin shqiptar me mend\u00ebsi sintetiko-analitike. Informacioni mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkohet duke u nisur nga shfaqja e mendimit ose nga veprimi. Pra mund t\u00eb rrjedh\u00eb duke u nisur nga element\u00ebt e veprave penale konkrete (kryesisht veprimi) \u2013 p\u00ebr t\u2019u p\u00ebrhapur n\u00eb retrospektiv\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrfunduar drejt shfaqjes s\u00eb mendimit, sigurizimit, penalizimit (BE); ose anasjelltas \u2013duke nisur nga shfaqja e mendimit, drejt sigurizimit dhe pastaj penalizmit, p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar me element\u00ebt e vepr\u00ebs penale konkrete, apo n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb kombinuar, nga t\u00eb dy kahet (Shtetet e Bashkauara.)<\/p>\n

S\u00eb dyti, inteligjenca e p\u00ebrgjithshme mund t\u00eb shihet si nj\u00eb aft\u00ebsi e procedurave n\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedhjen e element\u00ebve midis teorive e shkollave t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr \u00e7far\u00ebdolloj \u00e7\u00ebshtjeje me interes shtet\u00ebror dhe komb\u00ebtar. Nuk besoj se \u00ebsht\u00eb e rastit, q\u00eb duke respektuar parimin e pluralizmit t\u00eb ideve, rrymave, shkollave a teorive, vendet demokratike nuk preferojn\u00eb t\u00eb pozicionohen zyrtarisht n\u00eb krah t\u00eb nj\u00ebr\u00ebs apo tjetr\u00ebs teori, (megjith\u00ebse ndonj\u00ebra mund t\u2019u p\u00eblqej\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr.) Kjo ndodh sepse teorit\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimtare (1), por edhe sepse brenda teoris\u00eb m\u00eb pak t\u00eb besueshme, mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb gjithashtu di\u00e7ka t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. Pra dobia e pluralizmit dhe e ballafaqimit t\u00eb ideve, shkollave, teorive nuk q\u00ebndron te rendja n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb verb\u00ebr pas kujt-do prej tyre, por te shmangia ose fshehja e t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetave aktuale (p\u00ebr aq sa nevojitet) duke i shtrir\u00eb diskutimet n\u00eb perspektiv\u00ebn e t\u00eb ardhmes. P\u00ebrndryshe, dobia e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb stafeve teknike t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjes mund t\u00eb shihet te identifikimi i t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetave aktuale dhe transformimi i tyre n\u00eb zgjedhje a improvizime t\u00eb thjeshta, t\u00eb ligjshme dhe t\u00eb pafajshme p\u00ebr motivin e lir\u00eb dhe personal t\u00eb udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb treti, inteligjenca e p\u00ebrgjithshme mund t\u00eb shihet si nj\u00eb aft\u00ebsi e procedurave n\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedhjen e element\u00ebve midis ideologjive udh\u00ebheq\u00ebse brenda shoq\u00ebrive konkurruese.P\u00ebr shembull, ideologjia e mbrojtjes s\u00eb lirive dhe t\u00eb drejtave themeloret\u00eb njeriut (e artikuluar p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb si nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare n\u00eb vitin1977, n\u00eb koh\u00ebn kur Xhimi Karter (2) u b\u00eb president i SHBA (Jaho, 2000, f. 85-91), rezultoi fituese mbi ideologjin\u00eb komuniste. Por duhen njohur mir\u00eb edhe element\u00ebt e rinj n\u00eb ecurin\u00eb e k\u00ebsaj ideologjie fituese deri n\u00eb dit\u00ebt tona dhe p\u00ebrvijimin apo precipitimin e nuancave t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb q\u00ebndrimet e Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara dhe SHBA nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb dhe t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb nga ana tjet\u00ebr, pavar\u00ebsisht se thelbi vazhdon t\u00eb mbetet i nj\u00ebjt\u00eb. (Edhe p\u00ebr sa koh\u00eb?)<\/p>\n

S\u00eb kat\u00ebrti, inteligjenca e p\u00ebrgjithshme mund t\u00eb shihet si nj\u00eb aft\u00ebsi e procedurave n\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedhjen e element\u00ebve midis teorive t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb siguris\u00eb. Rendja n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb verb\u00ebr ose pasiononte pas nj\u00ebr\u00ebs ose tjet\u00ebr teori t\u00eb siguris\u00eb, mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb pasoja t\u00eb paparashikueshme. Posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb aspekt duhen studiuar me kujdes dallimet mes shkoll\u00ebs s\u00eb Torontos (Kanada, 1994) dhe Shkoll\u00ebs s\u00eb Kopenhages, nj\u00eb lloj paraleleje evropiane q\u00eb pasoi n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb studimeve kritike t\u00eb siguris\u00eb. Besoj se nukmund t\u00eb neglizhohet as nj\u00ebra dhe as tjetra nga dy shkollat, por midis tyre duhen zgjedhur pik\u00ebrisht ato element\u00eb q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin interesin shqiptar.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb pesti, inteligjenca e p\u00ebrgjithshme mund t\u00eb shihet si nj\u00eb aft\u00ebsi e procedurave n\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedhjen e element\u00ebve midis teorive t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb sistemin e marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, sidomos ato midis realizmit dhe idealizmit, ku element\u00ebt e analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare duhen zbritur deri n\u00eb nivelin individual. Sipas Dorf, njer\u00ebzit marrin vendime q\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb modelin e sjelljes nd\u00ebrmjet shteteve, ndaj kan\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi perceptimet, k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimet dhe pik\u00ebpamjet e aktor\u00ebve ky\u00e7 (si e shohin ata bot\u00ebn, si i shohin ata q\u00ebllimet dhe motivimet e aktor\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb n\u00eb sistem, etj.) (Dorf, 2000, f. 248-250.) M\u00eb tej, Dorff vazhdon se, q\u00ebllimi i k\u00ebtyre njohurive \u00ebsht\u00eb, as m\u00eb shum\u00eb e as m\u00eb pak, por q\u00eb k\u00ebta lider\u00eb (t\u00eb shteteve t\u00eb tjera) t\u00eb mos nd\u00ebrmarrin veprime t\u00eb d\u00ebmshme p\u00ebr interesat e vendit \u2018ton\u00eb\u2019, (edhe sikur veprime t\u00eb tilla t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb interesin e vendit t\u00eb \u2018tyre\u2019 \u2013B.A.), si dhe t\u00eb nxisim veprimet e tyre, q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb dobishme p\u00ebr interesin e vendit ton\u00eb, (edhe n\u00ebse veprimet e tyre mund t\u00eb mos jen\u00eb t\u00eb favorshme p\u00ebr interesat e vendit t\u00eb vet \u2013 B.A.) (3) Sigurisht, \u00e7do shtet vepron sipas fuqis\u00eb q\u00eb zot\u00ebron por p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb jan\u00eb stafet e mb\u00ebshtetjes, q\u00eb t\u2019i njohin mir\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb element\u00ebt e fuqis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb vler\u00ebsimet dhe rekomandimet e duhura p\u00ebr udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsin.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb gjashti, inteligjenca e p\u00ebrgjithshme mund t\u00eb shihet si nj\u00eb aft\u00ebsi e procedurave t\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedhjes s\u00eb pozicionit t\u00eb vendit n\u00eb cilin sistem dhe deri ku m\u00eb \u2018brenda\u2019, apo deri ku m\u00eb \u2018jasht\u00eb\u2019. N\u00eb sistemin e marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebria dhe nd\u00ebrvar\u00ebsia midis shteteve shpjegohet me teorin\u00eb e balancave, ku q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebria brenda sistemit vetjak lidhet me faktor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb jasht\u00eb k\u00ebtij sistemi, duke synuar zvog\u00eblimin ose shmangien e kostove vetjake. Por, n\u00ebse sistemi vetjak i nj\u00eb shteti punon t\u00eb inkuadrohet brenda nj\u00eb sistemi tjet\u00ebr epror, midis nj\u00eb grupi shtetesh, (p.sh. BE), aplikimi i teoris\u00eb s\u00eb balancave brenda k\u00ebtij sistemi epror nuk ka m\u00eb kuptim, pasi t\u00eb dy pal\u00ebt ndajn\u00eb kostot n\u00eb kuadrin e nj\u00eb t\u00eb drejte t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt, duke mb\u00ebshtetur interesa dhe synime t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta dhe ku secili merr p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb e vet. D\u00ebshtimi ose p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsia e nj\u00ebr\u00ebs pal\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb (dhe duhet pranuar t\u00eb jet\u00eb) d\u00ebshtim dhe p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi edhe p\u00ebr pal\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, p\u00ebrkundrejt synimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt t\u00eb integrimit n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin sistem.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb shtati, inteligjenca e p\u00ebrgjithshme mund t\u00eb shihet si nj\u00eb aft\u00ebsi e procedurave p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrndarjen e burimeve dhe resurseve brenda vendit, me kosto dhe p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi reciproke, q\u00eb pajtohen kundrejt nj\u00eb interesi dhe synimi t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst mund t\u00eb vijm\u00eb te nisma m\u00eb e fundit e qeveris\u00eb lidhur me reform\u00ebn territoriale n\u00eb vend. Sikurse v\u00ebren Dr. Mulita, \u201cModeli shqiptar i zhvillimit t\u00eb territorit \u00ebsht\u00eb unikal dhe m\u00eb i keqtrajtuari se n\u00eb \u00e7do vend tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb rajonit. P\u00ebr ta \u201ckuruar\u201d gjendjen q\u00eb trash\u00ebgohet… Qeverisja e ardhshme territoriale duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb e nj\u00eb modeli ndryshe nga e m\u00ebparshmja: t\u00eb ket\u00eb karakter koheziv nga pik\u00ebpamja territoriale, gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebs p\u00ebr shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe racional e eficent p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si do t\u2019i p\u00ebrdor\u00eb burimet dhe mjedisin natyror…\u201d (Mulita, 2013.) N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuad\u00ebr, autori thekson se \u201cZgjidhja m\u00eb e domosdoshme \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimi i nj\u00eb ndarjeje territoriale-administrative n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me filozofin\u00eb, objektivat dhe q\u00ebllimet mbi t\u00eb cilat zhvillohet hap\u00ebsira evropiane, territori ku d\u00ebshirojm\u00eb t\u00eb shkojm\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, e p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin ka nj\u00eb vullnet mbar\u00ebshoq\u00ebror, madje mbar\u00eb shqiptar.\u201d (Mulita, 2014.) Edhe k\u00ebtu, n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs \u201cterritor\u201d autori ka parasysh shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb teti, inteligjenca e p\u00ebrgjithshme mund t\u00eb shihet si nj\u00eb aft\u00ebsi e procedurave t\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedhjes s\u00eb burimeve njer\u00ebzore mjaft t\u00eb kualifikuara profesionalisht dhe me integritet t\u00eb lart\u00eb moral. Sikurse shkruan Dr. \u00c7avo, institucionet nuk jan\u00eb muret dhe nd\u00ebrtesat por jan\u00eb njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb to. \u201cJam plot\u00ebsisht dakord me faktin q\u00eb sistemi i b\u00ebn njer\u00ebzit…\u201d, thot\u00eb autorja, por \u201cInstitucionet drejtohen me profesionist\u00eb dhe jo me amator\u00eb e militant\u00eb… Ndaj \u00ebsht\u00eb nevoj\u00eb e jasht\u00ebzakonshme q\u00eb filozofia e krijimit t\u00eb kapitalit njer\u00ebzor t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb. Ky ndryshim duhet bazuar sa n\u00eb edukim aq edhe n\u00eb masa organizative\u201d, duke gjetur dhe p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb njer\u00ebz \u201cme integritet moral e profesional, n\u00eb drejtimin e institucioneve t\u00eb ndryshme dhe n\u00eb realizimin e reformave.\u201d (\u00c7avo, 2014.)<\/p>\n

S\u00eb n\u00ebnti, inteligjenca e p\u00ebrgjithshme mund t\u00eb shihet si nj\u00eb aft\u00ebsi e procedurave t\u00eb konkurrimit dhe zhvillimit t\u00eb karrier\u00ebs politike. Nuk ka p\u00ebrse p\u00ebrzgjedhja dhe seleksionimi i udh\u00ebheqjes lokale t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn a p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb e lidershipit qendror. P\u00ebrkundrazi, popullsia lokale ta ket\u00eb vet\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb zgjedh ta udh\u00ebheqin n\u00eb nivelin qendror, s\u00eb bashku me kultivimin e krenaris\u00eb brenda tyre p\u00ebr t\u2019u p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuar sa m\u00eb denj\u00ebsisht n\u00eb raport me t\u00eb zgjedhurit e lokaliteteve t\u00eb tjera. Duke qen\u00eb se konkurrenca brenda llojit n\u00eb nivelin lokal mbetet e fort\u00eb, mund t\u00eb shpresohet q\u00eb edhe prurjet p\u00ebr nivelin qendror t\u00eb ken\u00eb nj\u00eb cil\u00ebsi m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb. Gjithashtu, mendoj se kjo m\u00ebnyr\u00eb zgjidhjeje mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb \u201cmelhem\u201d i mir\u00eb edhe lidhur me reform\u00ebn territoriale, duke shuar interesat q\u00eb fshihen pas nxitjes s\u00eb dasive t\u00eb ekzagjeruara krahinore apo fetare: popullatat lokale le ta konfigurojn\u00eb rrethin apo qarkun e vet n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me ndjenj\u00ebn e tyre unike t\u00eb krenaris\u00eb, por pa pretenduar q\u00eb krenarin\u00eb e tyre ta diktojn\u00eb si mbizot\u00ebruese edhe ndaj rrethit apo qarkut tjet\u00ebr, dhe pa guxuar t\u00eb fyejn\u00eb (prekin) ndjenj\u00ebn unike t\u00eb shtetit, ose kombit, n\u00eb lidhje me t\u00eb huajt.<\/p>\n

Dhe s\u00eb fundi, inteligjenca e p\u00ebrgjithshme mund t\u00eb shihet edhe si nj\u00eb aft\u00ebsi e procedurave t\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedhjes s\u00eb m\u00ebnyrave se si njer\u00ebzit komunikojn\u00eb dhe bien dakord me njeri tjetrin, n\u00eb nivelin nd\u00ebr-personal, p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndjekur q\u00ebllime dhe nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb veprime t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta. Personalisht ndaj t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin dyshim t\u00eb fort\u00eb me Dr. \u00c7avon, se \u201cnuk mund t\u00eb realizohen reforma t\u00eb ndershme me njer\u00ebz \u201ct\u00eb m\u00ebsuar\u201d me t\u00eb \u201cpandersh\u00ebm\u201d. (\u00c7avo, 2014.) Ndaj e shikoj inteligjenc\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgjithshme n\u00eb nivelin nd\u00ebr-personal midis shqiptar\u00ebve me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin si mjetin e fundit t\u00eb mbijetes\u00ebs komb\u00ebtare, n\u00eb rast se klasa politike e vendit do t\u00eb d\u00ebshtoj\u00eb \u201cme sukses t\u00eb plot\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n

Por a jan\u00eb t\u00eb aft\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebt n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim? Nuk e di. Ky afro nj\u00eb \u00e7erek-shekulli i tranzicionit ton\u00eb, n\u00eb fakt, ka qen\u00eb ca i lodhsh\u00ebm. \u201cVegj\u00eblia\u201d ngjan si e shushatur nd\u00ebrsa klasa politike gati e relaksuar. Ndoshta t\u00eb par\u00ebt shpresojn\u00eb \u201crilindjen\u201d nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb dyt\u00ebt sikur pajtohen me iden\u00eb se ka koh\u00eb deri aty nga fundi i mandatit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb. Vall\u00eb, a mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb prap\u00eb e sigurt se njer\u00ebzit do arrijn\u00eb t\u00eb presin s\u00ebrish po kaq gjat\u00eb? Gjithsesi, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pyetje q\u00eb edhe politikan\u00ebt mund ta sjellin nd\u00ebrmend.<\/p>\n

…<\/p>\n

Disa p\u00ebrfundime<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fokusi i punimit \u00ebsht\u00eb tep\u00ebr i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm, sepse synon t\u00eb harmonizoj\u00eb kultur\u00ebn anglo-saksone t\u00eb mend\u00ebsis\u00eb analitike me kultur\u00ebn euro-kontinentale t\u00eb mend\u00ebsis\u00eb sintetike. Megjithat\u00eb, pavar\u00ebsisht rezultatit, shtysa ka rrjedhur nga perceptimi im p\u00ebr interesat shqiptare t\u00eb mbijetes\u00ebs. Prandaj, n\u00eb kontekstin e k\u00ebtyre interesave, p\u00ebrfundimet kryesore mund t\u00eb renditen si vijon:<\/p>\n

1.-Standardet shpesh kan\u00eb formalitetin e vet dhe, sido-kudo, ato mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushen. Por ne (njer\u00ebzit dhe institucionet) duhet t\u00eb bindim q\u00eb kombi shqiptar duhet dhe i ka potencialet p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb pjes\u00eb e domosdoshme e BE. Kjo b\u00ebhet me mendim dhe inteligjenc\u00eb krijuese. Pik\u00eb s\u00eb pari, duhet investuar dhe kontribuar fort p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebn dhe kultur\u00ebn shqiptare (\u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb dhe n\u00eb programin e qeveris\u00eb), n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb zgjohen dhe nxiten ndjesit\u00eb e vet-vetishme dhe vatrat e kujtes\u00ebs kudo ku ka shqiptar\u00eb dhe te kushdo q\u00eb ndihet i af\u00ebrt me ta.<\/p>\n

2.-Gjithashtu, mendoj se ka vend t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtojm\u00eb nj\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb re kontraktualiteti p\u00ebr an\u00ebtar\u00ebsimin e vendit n\u00eb BE. Ne si aspirues dhe institucionet e saj si nxit\u00ebs \u2013 me p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi, kompetenca, pritshm\u00ebri dhe shtytje t\u00eb dyanshme. Hierarkia e marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve me vendet e ve\u00e7anta an\u00ebtare t\u00eb BE t\u2019i n\u00ebn-renditet ose t\u00eb rrjedh\u00eb n\u00eb harmoni nga ato t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuara prej institucioneve p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse t\u00eb BE, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb k\u00ebtu edhe \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e gjuh\u00ebs dhe kultur\u00ebs shqipe \u2013 q\u00eb nga ana e vet t\u00eb ofrohen n\u00eb harmoni me diferencimet dhe ngjashm\u00ebrit\u00eb historike me gjuh\u00ebt dhe kulturat e tjera, duke ruajtur dhe pasuruar m\u00eb tej natyr\u00ebn sintetiko-analitike t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs son\u00eb.<\/p>\n

3.-T\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitemi vet\u00eb dhe t\u00eb propozojm\u00eb q\u00eb BE t\u00eb mendoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb struktur\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse t\u00eb inteligjenc\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme n\u00eb funksion t\u00eb misionit integrues t\u00eb BE (4), me p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsim t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt nga t\u00eb dyja pal\u00ebt. Gjithashtu, t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitemi vet\u00eb dhe t\u00eb ndajm\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr bashk\u00eb-p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi me institucionet p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse t\u00eb BE, lidhur me \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e siguris\u00eb n\u00eb nivelin e BE.<\/p>\n

4.-N\u00eb aspektin e brendsh\u00ebm, t\u00eb tregohet kujdes dhe realizohen investimet e duhura n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb formimit t\u00eb burimeve njer\u00ebzore, duke i kategorizuar sipas disa prioriteteve: s\u00eb pari, n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb stafeve teknike t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjes q\u00eb afrojn\u00eb aft\u00ebsi procedurale n\u00eb inteligjenc\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgjithshme, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe at\u00eb q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtet synimin e integrimit n\u00eb BE; s\u00eb dyti, n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb funksionar\u00ebve ky\u00e7\u00eb n\u00eb sferat e politik\u00eb-b\u00ebrjes dhe vendim-marrjes, si dhe t\u00eb punonj\u00ebsve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb n\u00eb institucionet e siguris\u00eb, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e siguris\u00eb n\u00eb nivelin e BE; s\u00eb treti, n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb integritetit moral dhe kualifikimit profesional t\u00eb \u00e7do punonj\u00ebsi t\u00eb administrat\u00ebs publike.<\/p>\n

5.-Gjithashtu, t\u00eb investohet n\u00eb zgjerimin e autonomis\u00eb lokale n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me filozofin\u00eb, objektivat dhe q\u00ebllimet mbi t\u00eb cilat zhvillohet hap\u00ebsira evropiane, por duke respektuar me sa t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur, pritshm\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe psikologjin\u00eb e popullatave, se me k\u00eb ose ku ato do ndiheshin m\u00eb mir\u00eb. Popullatat lokale ta konfigurojn\u00eb vet\u00eb rrethin, qarkun apo rajonin n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me ndjenj\u00ebn e tyre unike t\u00eb krenaris\u00eb, por pa e p\u00ebrcjell\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb d\u00ebm t\u00eb tjetrit (se k\u00ebt\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebt e kan\u00eb problem), ose pa cenuar ndjenj\u00ebn e unitetit q\u00eb kemi si shtet dhe si komb. (Angazhimi si duhet me zgjidhjen e problemeve t\u00eb brendshme, do t\u00eb precipitonte prej tyre nj\u00eb udh\u00ebheqje lokale m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegjshme e seleksiononte p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues m\u00eb t\u00eb kulturuar, q\u00eb nuk do t\u2019i k\u00ebrkonin rrug\u00ebt e zgjidhjes p\u00ebrmes dominimit me klane n\u00eb \u201ckryeqytet\u201d. (5)<\/p>\n

6.-S\u00eb fundi, mendoj se duhen reformuar procedurat e konkurrimit dhe zhvillimit t\u00eb karrier\u00ebs politike, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb m\u00eb pak biznes dhe m\u00eb tep\u00ebr moral; nj\u00ebsit\u00eb politike lokale ta ken\u00eb vet\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb zgjedhin t\u2019i p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb n\u00eb nivel qendror, pa diktat nga lart\u00eb, madje duke inkurajuar krenarin\u00eb dhe ndjenj\u00ebn e konkurrenc\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjedhur m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00ebt edhe n\u00eb raport me nj\u00ebsit\u00eb e tjera.<\/p>\n

Pra k\u00ebto ishin disa p\u00ebrfundime, ose nj\u00eb lloj \u201cinteligjence e p\u00ebrgjithshme\u201d dhe \u201ckomb\u00ebtare\u201d, n\u00eb se ka arritur ta shpreh\u00eb aspirat\u00ebn ton\u00eb mbar\u00eb-popullore p\u00ebr shk\u00ebputjen e vendit nga tranzicioni dhe \u00e7uarjen e tij p\u00ebrpara, drejt integrimit t\u00eb BE.<\/p>\n

Paraqitur, p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, n\u00eb Konferenc\u00ebn Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare Shkencore t\u00eb Universitetit \u201cMarin Barleti\u201d, m\u00eb 31 maj 2013.
\nPostuar n\u00eb Facebook, m\u00eb 15, 10.2014.<\/p>\n

Bibliografi<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. \u00c7avo, Zamira. Gazeta \u201cShqip\u201d, 14 Shkurt 2014. Sistemi I b\u00ebn njer\u00ebzit, por njer\u00ebzit b\u00ebjn\u00eb reformat e sistemit. http:\/\/gazeta-shqip.com\/lajme\/2014\/02\/14\/sistemi-ben-njerezit-por-njerezit-bejne-reformat-e-sistemit\/<\/p>\n

2. Dorf, Robert (Robin), H. 2009. Disa metoda e koncepte baz\u00eb p\u00ebr studimin emarr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. N\u00eb \u201cGuid\u00eb p\u00ebr politik\u00ebn dhe strategjin\u00eb e siguris\u00eb komb\u00ebtare.\u201d V\u00ebll. II. Tiran\u00eb: Akademia e Mbrojtjes s\u00eb FA.) F. 239 \u2013 256.<\/p>\n

3. Jaho, Nazi. 2000. Disa \u00e7\u00ebshtje lidhur me lirit\u00eb dhe t\u00eb drejtat e njeriut n\u00eb frym\u00ebn e dokumenteve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe kushtetut\u00ebs ton\u00eb. Pak histori. N\u00eb Workshopi i Par\u00eb Rajonal: \u201cTrauma, faktor\u00ebt, pasojat dhe p\u00ebrballimi\u201d. Tiran\u00eb. F. 85-91.<\/p>\n

4. Marshall, Gordon. 2009. Fjalor Sociologjik i Oksfordit. ISBN: 978-99956-668-2-8. P\u00ebrkthyer nga Bashkim Shehu.<\/p>\n

5. Mulita, Reis. Gazeta \u201cShqip\u201d, 28 gusht 2013. \u201cAutoriteti i qeverisjes qendrore dhe zhvillimi i territorit\u201d. http:\/\/gazeta-shqip.com\/lajme\/2013\/08\/28\/autoriteti-qeverisjes-qendrore-dhe-zhvillimi-territorit\/<\/p>\n

6. Mulita, Reis. Gazeta \u201cShekulli\u201d, 14.02.2014. Ndarja e re administrative midis kohezionit dhe kufijve. http:\/\/www.shekulli.com.al\/web\/p.php?id=40497&kat=92<\/p>\n

7. Taylor, Stan A. 2007. Definitions and theories of counterintelligence. In \u201cStrategic Intelligence\u201d, Vol. 4: \u201cCounterintelligence and counterterrorism: Defending the nation against hostile forces.\u201d Copyright # 2007 by Loch K. Johnson. ISBN:0-275-98946-1 (vol. 4); ISSN: 1932-3492.<\/p>\n

8. Wikipedia – Enciklopedia Elektronike Online.https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jimmy_Carter.<\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebnime<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

(1) Tashm\u00eb pranohet gjer\u00ebsisht n\u00eb filozofin\u00eb e shkenc\u00ebs, se \u201c\u2026ligjet e teorit\u00eb shkencore m\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb konfirmuara plot\u00ebsisht nga t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat faktike n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat mb\u00ebshteten.\u201d Shih \u201cKonvencionalizmi (conventionalism)\u201d, (Marshall, 2009, f. 195-196.) Se \u201c\u2026krejt dija shkencore duhet v\u00ebshtruar si e p\u00ebrkohshme (nuk ekziston asnj\u00eb prov\u00eb ose anti-prov\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimtare)\u2026\u201d, shih \u201cfalsifikimi, t\u00eb falsifikuarit\u201d, (Marshall,2009, f. 97-98.)<\/p>\n

(2) Pas largimit nga Presidenca, Karter dhe bashk\u00ebshortja n\u00eb vitin 1982 krijuan Qendr\u00ebn Karter p\u00ebr avancimin e m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut n\u00eb mbar\u00eb globin, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb vitin 2002 fitoi \u00e7mimin Nobel p\u00ebr paqen, p\u00ebr kontributin e tij n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim.https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jimmy_Carter
\n(3) Mendoj se ky interpretim ka m\u00eb tep\u00ebr vler\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar se si mendojn\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt p\u00ebr ne, pasi politikan\u00ebt tan\u00eb t\u00eb tranzicionit shpesh jan\u00eb \u2018kujdesur\u2019 p\u00ebr interesat e huaja, nj\u00ebsoj si t\u00eb ishte fjala p\u00ebr interesat e vendit t\u00eb vet.<\/p>\n

(4) P\u00ebrdoret \u201ct\u00eb BE\u201d dhe jo \u201cn\u00eb BE\u201d, pasi integrimin e shoh si nj\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie reciproke q\u00eb shtrihet n\u00eb koh\u00eb dhe t\u00eb dyja pal\u00ebt integrohen dhe rriten duke p\u00ebrfituar s\u00eb bashku n\u00eb nj\u00eb nivel m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb.<\/p>\n

(5) Me \u201ckryeqytetin\u201d k\u00ebtu kihen parasysh institucionet e qeverisjes qendrore t\u00eb shtetit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bujar Abedinaj, Doktorant pran\u00eb Akademis\u00eb s\u00eb FA N\u00eb vend t\u00eb hyrjes \u00c7\u00ebshtja n\u00eb vijim \u00ebsht\u00eb shk\u00ebputur nga pjesa e dyt\u00eb e punimit tim me titull, \u201cInteligjenca komb\u00ebtare: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrqasje me synimin e vendit p\u00ebr integrimin n\u00eb BE\u201d, e pranuar p\u00ebr botim dhe e prezantuar n\u00eb Konferenc\u00ebn Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare Shkencore t\u00eb Universitetit \u201cMarin Barleti\u201d, mbajtur n\u00eb Tiran\u00eb, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nInformacioni dhe inteligjenca e p\u00ebrgjithshme p\u00ebr integrimin e vendit n\u00eb BE - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/informacioni-dhe-inteligjenca-e-pergjithshme-per-integrimin-e-vendit-ne-be\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Informacioni dhe inteligjenca e p\u00ebrgjithshme p\u00ebr integrimin e vendit n\u00eb BE - 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