{"id":1895,"date":"2013-04-10T21:19:21","date_gmt":"2013-04-10T20:19:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=1895"},"modified":"2013-04-10T21:19:21","modified_gmt":"2013-04-10T20:19:21","slug":"zgjedhja-racionale-dhe-delegjitimimi-i-politikes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/zgjedhja-racionale-dhe-delegjitimimi-i-politikes\/","title":{"rendered":"Zgjedhja racionale dhe delegjitimimi i politik\u00ebs"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\" Forumi Shqiptaro-Amerikan p\u00ebr Demokraci<\/em>, 09.04.2013<\/em><\/p>\n

Nga Grid Rroji<\/strong>, Doktorant i Shkencave Politike<\/em>, CUNY<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Marr\u00ebveshja p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebnuar me vdekje zgjedhjet e 2013\u00ebs n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ngjarje politike q\u00eb meriton t\u00eb analizohet n\u00eb thell\u00ebsi. N\u00eb gjykimin tim, analiza e arsyeve t\u00eb saj, duhet t\u00eb shkoj\u00eb p\u00ebrtej \u201crrjedh\u00ebs normale t\u00eb politik\u00ebs\u201d si\u00e7 argumentojn\u00eb cekt\u00ebsisht disa analist\u00eb. Analiza e arsyeve ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me thelbin e demokracis\u00eb n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri dhe p\u00ebrfshin jo vet\u00ebm pal\u00ebt e paris\u00eb, deg\u00ebzimin e interesave t\u00eb tyre kriminale dhe pushtetore por edhe t\u00eb ardhmen e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb shqiptare si nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri normale demokratike. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, pyetjet q\u00eb shtrohen jan\u00eb ku po na shpien k\u00ebto lloj taktikash t\u00eb paris\u00eb dhe n\u00eb favor t\u00eb kujt punon ajo?<\/p>\n

Sipas politilogut amerikan Brus Bueno De Meskita n\u00eb \u00e7do sistem politik krijohet nj\u00eb shtres\u00eb njer\u00ebzish jo homogjen\u00eb (Selektorati) t\u00eb cil\u00ebt marrin pjes\u00eb aktivisht n\u00eb politik\u00eb. Selektorati p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga grupe t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb interesa t\u00eb ndryshme, por q\u00eb kan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt q\u00ebllimin p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndikuar n\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimin e udh\u00ebheqjes s\u00eb bashk\u00ebsis\u00eb. Brendap\u00ebrbrenda k\u00ebtij grupi, ekziston nj\u00eb grupim m\u00eb i vog\u00ebl q\u00eb Bueno De Mesquita e quan \u201cshumica p\u00ebrcaktuese\u201d brenda Selektoratit. Ky grupth i siguron udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit shumic\u00ebn e domosdoshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb q\u00ebndruar n\u00eb pushtet por edhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb m\u00ebnjanuar rival\u00eb t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm brenda Selektoratit. M\u00eb konkretisht, n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri Selektorati p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga militant\u00ebt e t\u00eb gjitha forcave politike, nd\u00ebrsa shumicat p\u00ebrcaktuese p\u00ebrb\u00ebhen nga drejtuesit e partive, si dhe biznesmen\u00ebt dhe drejtuesit e grupeve t\u00eb interesit t\u00eb cil\u00ebt i lidhin interesat me secil\u00ebn pal\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Bueno De Meskita gjithashtu thekson se udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsi ka nj\u00eb rol kryesor n\u00eb \u00e7do lloj sistemi. Ai ka vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb interes par\u00ebsor, t\u00eb zgjas\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e pushtetit t\u00eb vet. P\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsi ka si prioritet k\u00ebnaqjen e shumic\u00ebs p\u00ebrcaktuese -me an\u00eb t\u00eb dhurimit t\u00eb t\u00eb mirave private apo publike- sepse nga mb\u00ebshtetja e saj varet vazhdim\u00ebsia e pushtetit t\u00eb tij. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri si kryetari i bashkis\u00eb s\u00eb Tiran\u00ebs ashtu edhe kryeministri b\u00ebjn\u00eb em\u00ebrime n\u00eb poste publike duke u shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb t\u00eb mira private an\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb shumic\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre p\u00ebrcaktuese. Gjithashtu ata kan\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb tu shp\u00ebrndajn\u00eb t\u00eb mira publike mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebsve t\u00eb tyre, si p\u00ebr shembull lejet e nd\u00ebrtimit apo kontratat p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e infrastruktur\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, opozita kontrollon nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb bashkive dhe komunave t\u00eb m\u00ebdha dhe p\u00ebrdor t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat metoda shp\u00ebrndarjeje t\u00eb t\u00eb mirave publike p\u00ebr interesat e veta. Nga kjo shp\u00ebrndarje p\u00ebrfiton jo vet\u00ebm shumica p\u00ebrcaktuese p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse dhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb mas\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl selektorati (me pun\u00ebsime dhe tendera t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl), por edhe vet\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e paris\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kan\u00eb perfeksionuar sistemin e ndarjes s\u00eb pjes\u00ebs p\u00ebr vete. Ose me an\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebzetp\u00ebrqind\u00ebshit t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb famsh\u00ebm nga Edi Rama, ose me an\u00eb t\u00eb apartamenteve e vilave, llogarive bankare jasht\u00eb dhe kompanive fantaz\u00ebm p\u00ebr qarkullim dhe pastrim parash t\u00eb b\u00ebra t\u00eb famshme nga familjar\u00ebt e kryeministrit aktual, paria punon p\u00ebr t\u00eb maksimizuar p\u00ebrfitimin p\u00ebr vete. Pra, edhe lufta p\u00ebr pushtet ka si logjik\u00eb kontrollin e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb k\u00ebtyre t\u00eb mirave.<\/p>\n

Por le ti vendosim k\u00ebto parime teorike n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb situat\u00ebs aktuale. Nga nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb e kujdesshme e veprimit politik t\u00eb pal\u00ebve, del se marr\u00ebveshja u konceptua nga paria si element i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm strategjik p\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur sistemin dhe pushtetin oligarkik pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb zgjedhjeve. Duket se kryetari i PS-\u00eb gjykoi se nuk mund t\u00eb rezistonte n\u00eb krye t\u00eb partis\u00eb s\u00eb tij n\u00ebse nuk p\u00ebrvijonte nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb drejt pushtetit qendror p\u00ebr an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e shumic\u00ebs s\u00eb tij p\u00ebrcaktuese. Po ashtu Berish\u00ebs i duhej nj\u00eb garanci p\u00ebr veten, familjen dhe shpur\u00ebn e atyre q\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebrfituar r\u00ebndsh\u00ebm nga pushteti tet\u00ebvje\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

Gjithashtu marr\u00ebveshja i garanton atij nj\u00eb opozit\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb numerikisht e cila t\u00eb mund t\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb tort\u00ebs publike se sa kishte PS-ja kur ishte n\u00eb opozit\u00eb. K\u00ebsisoj, Berisha k\u00ebnaq deridiku edhe pakic\u00ebn e vet t\u00eb selektoratit. N\u00eb fund por jo nga r\u00ebnd\u00ebsia, roli i Met\u00ebs n\u00eb politik\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb tashm\u00eb qart\u00ebsisht i drejtuar nga pozita t\u00eb zgjedhjes racionale. N\u00eb qoft\u00eb se nuk i garanton t\u00eb mira materiale mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebsve LSI shp\u00ebrb\u00ebhet. Marr\u00ebveshja i garanton nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb tort\u00ebs nga 20 n\u00eb 30 % si dhe nj\u00eb num\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb madh deputet\u00ebsh. K\u00ebsisoj Meta kontrollon m\u00eb shum\u00eb se m\u00eb par\u00eb se cila do t\u00eb jet\u00eb shumica p\u00ebrcaktuese p\u00ebr pushtetin.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00ebv\u00ebshtrim, marr\u00ebveshja Berisha-Rama-Meta, megjith\u00eb retorik\u00ebn justifikuese t\u00eb leh\u00ebsve t\u00eb tyre mediatik\u00ebt\u00eb tipit “Mu\u00e7i Pu\u00e7i Rrushi Rrapatushi” nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb l\u00ebvizje e forc\u00ebs por demonstrim i frik\u00ebs t\u00eb paris\u00eb nga l\u00ebkundja e pozicionit t\u00eb sistemit. Paria reagoi sepse ndjen se kriza e thell\u00eb po e rrezikon legjitimitetin e saj, e rrjedhimisht edhe pushtetin e saj oligarkik. Pra, paria e ka t\u00eb qart\u00eb mekanizmin pushtet-sundim dhe r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e zgjedhjeve si mekaniz\u00ebm legjitimues.<\/p>\n

Pra, teoria e zgjedhjes racionale e bazon analiz\u00ebn thjesht n\u00eb interesat e pal\u00ebve dhe nuk le vend p\u00ebr gjykime morale apo parime. Mir\u00ebpo, ndon\u00ebse tep\u00ebr e vlefshme p\u00ebr t\u2019i b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrimin situat\u00ebs n\u00eb aspektin deskriptiv, zgjedhja racionale nuk mund t\u00eb na thot\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr mekanizmat perverse t\u00eb krijuara nga pal\u00ebt e paris\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzuar pushtetin, vendosjen e nj\u00eb oligarkie hiperpragmatike si dhe m\u00ebnyrat e daljes nga kjo situat\u00eb n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri. M\u00eb tej, torta e pushtetit \u00ebsht\u00eb zvog\u00ebluar, dhe t\u00eb mirat q\u00eb rrjedhin posht\u00eb shumic\u00ebs p\u00ebrcaktuese jan\u00eb pothuajs\u00eb jo ekzistente. Ndaj, n\u00eb kushtet kur sistemi i sh\u00ebrben vet\u00ebm vetes qytetari b\u00ebhet kund\u00ebshtar dhe jo legjitimues i tij. Pra, p\u00ebr rastin e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb zgjedhja racionale nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb shpjeguar dukurit\u00eb e mjedisit politik. Ajo p\u00ebrdoret nga analist\u00eb t\u00eb tipit “Mu\u00e7i Pu\u00e7i Rrushi Rrapatushi” p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb iden\u00eb e paevitueshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb paris\u00eb s\u00eb Tiran\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Zgjedhja racionale e aplikuar shabllon nuk lejon nj\u00eb qasje ideologjike e morale, e cila b\u00ebhet e domosdoshme n\u00eb rastin e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb jo si q\u00ebllim n\u00eb vetvete, por si mekaniz\u00ebm i nevojsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri normale demokratike.P\u00ebr qytetarin marr\u00ebveshja e pamoralshme midis pal\u00ebve t\u00eb paris\u00eb ja ka humbur legjitimitetin klas\u00ebs politike. Kjo e rrezikon s\u00eb tep\u00ebrmi sistemin. Mungesa e moralit mund t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrkoh\u00ebsisht, n\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt shoq\u00ebria kriminalizohet dhe shteti \u00ebsht\u00eb i destinuar t\u00eb d\u00ebshtoj\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Qytetar\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebto zgjedhje duhet t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsohen p\u00ebr devijimin e debatit nga \u00e7\u00ebshtjet q\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e tyre t\u00eb p\u00ebrditshme si strategjit\u00eb e pal\u00ebve p\u00ebr zhvillim ekonomik, pun\u00ebsim, forcimin e kapaciteteve shtet\u00ebrore tek ngjalat, pragmatizmi katundar dhe kush ja futi kujt. N\u00eb fakt, pakti mafjoz i paris\u00eb tregon se askush nuk e vret mendjen p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur rrug\u00ebdalje, fushata \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht propagandistike dhe e imazhit.<\/p>\n

Pra, delegjitimimi i politik\u00ebs nuk krijon kushte p\u00ebr zhvillimin demokratik t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb. P\u00ebrkundrazi, klima e p\u00ebrhershme e konfliktit politik, t\u00eb pasuar nga marr\u00ebveshje ngjalash i ka lodhur njer\u00ebzit dhe i ka b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb humbin besimin tek d\u00ebshira e paris\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019a nxjerr\u00eb vendin nga kriza.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t’a p\u00ebrfunduar, marr\u00ebveshja e ngjalave nuk p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson nj\u00eb zgjidhje p\u00ebr problemet e popullit, megjith\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjet titanike t\u00eb makineris\u00eb mediatike t\u00eb pal\u00ebve. Ajo p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson luft\u00ebn e nj\u00eb grupi brenda Selektoratit p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar privilegjet e pushtetit n\u00eb kurriz t\u00eb grupit q\u00eb i g\u00ebzon ato sot. Pra, kur sistemi p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet prej k\u00ebtyre forcave pushtet-k\u00ebrkuese e t\u00eb pamoralshme, bllokimet dhe krizat b\u00ebhen t\u00eb paevitueshme.<\/p>\n

Qytetar\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb duhet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsohen p\u00ebr pap\u00ebrgjegjshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e pal\u00ebve t\u00eb paris\u00eb dhe t\u00eb reagojn\u00eb kund\u00ebr tyre n\u00eb bllok. Zgjidhjet nuk duhet t\u00eb k\u00ebrkohen p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbyllur vrimat e t\u00eb tashmes e p\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur imazhin, sepse n\u00ebse vazhdojm\u00eb t\u00eb pranojm\u00eb n\u00eb sistem sjellje t\u00eb tilla, nes\u00ebr rolet dhe argumentimet e pal\u00ebve mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb anasjellta. E kjo do t\u00eb na kthente n\u00eb pik\u00ebnisje. Zgjidhjet q\u00eb k\u00ebrkohen duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb interesa m\u00eb t\u00eb gjera se sa p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson Selektorati i sot\u00ebm duke patur parasysh ndryshimin q\u00eb ka p\u00ebsuar shoq\u00ebria shqiptare nga 91\u2019 deri m\u00eb sot. Zgjidhjet duhet t\u00eb mb\u00ebshteten detyrimisht n\u00eb ideologji t\u00eb qart\u00eb, t\u00eb ken\u00eb nj\u00eb bazament etiko moral dhe t\u00eb ken\u00eb p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi interesin komb\u00ebtar.Por kjo nuk mund t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb p\u00ebrpara se pal\u00ebt e paris\u00eb q\u00eb din\u00eb vet\u00ebm t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin taktikat ekstreme p\u00ebr pushtet t\u00eb futen nj\u00ebher\u00eb e p\u00ebrgjithmon\u00eb n\u00eb sirtar. Duhet nj\u00eb fillim i ri.<\/p>\n

* * *<\/p>\n

Referenca<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bruce Bueno de Mesquita, Alastair Smith, Randolph M. Siverson ,James D. Morrow, The Logic of Political Survival, MIT Press, 2004.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Forumi Shqiptaro-Amerikan p\u00ebr Demokraci, 09.04.2013 Nga Grid Rroji, Doktorant i Shkencave Politike, CUNY. Marr\u00ebveshja p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebnuar me vdekje zgjedhjet e 2013\u00ebs n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ngjarje politike q\u00eb meriton t\u00eb analizohet n\u00eb thell\u00ebsi. N\u00eb gjykimin tim, analiza e arsyeve t\u00eb saj, duhet t\u00eb shkoj\u00eb p\u00ebrtej \u201crrjedh\u00ebs normale t\u00eb politik\u00ebs\u201d si\u00e7 argumentojn\u00eb cekt\u00ebsisht disa analist\u00eb. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1895","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-artikuj"},"yoast_head":"\nZgjedhja racionale dhe delegjitimimi i politik\u00ebs - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/zgjedhja-racionale-dhe-delegjitimimi-i-politikes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Zgjedhja racionale dhe delegjitimimi i politik\u00ebs - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Forumi Shqiptaro-Amerikan p\u00ebr Demokraci, 09.04.2013 Nga Grid Rroji, Doktorant i Shkencave Politike, CUNY. 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Marr\u00ebveshja p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebnuar me vdekje zgjedhjet e 2013\u00ebs n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ngjarje politike q\u00eb meriton t\u00eb analizohet n\u00eb thell\u00ebsi. N\u00eb gjykimin tim, analiza e arsyeve t\u00eb saj, duhet t\u00eb shkoj\u00eb p\u00ebrtej \u201crrjedh\u00ebs normale t\u00eb politik\u00ebs\u201d si\u00e7 argumentojn\u00eb cekt\u00ebsisht disa analist\u00eb. 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