Ndodhia n\u00eb rrjedh\u00eb t\u00eb poshtme t\u00eb lumit Llap n\u00eb ver\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 1389 ishte moment historik pa asnj\u00eb ndikim p\u00ebr ndryshime t\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve ekzistuese n\u00eb vendet e p\u00ebrfshira n\u00eb ngjarje. Ajo ngjarje n\u00eb historiografi dep\u00ebrtoi ngadal\u00eb dhe u ngulit\u00eb me em\u00ebrtimin Beteja [e Par\u00eb] n\u00eb Fush\u00ebn e M\u00ebllenjave (Kosovo Polje, n\u00eb serbisht) e vitit 1389, duke e mveshur me p\u00ebrmasa fantastike.<\/p>\n
L\u00ebnda burimore udh\u00ebp\u00ebrshkruese, folkloristike, anuare dhe kronikale, q\u00eb i b\u00ebn\u00eb jehon\u00eb asaj ndodhie \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebllimshme, por shum\u00eb kund\u00ebrth\u00ebn\u00ebse nj\u00ebra me tjetr\u00ebn deri n\u00eb absurd. Botimet letraro-kronikale me origjin\u00eb sllave, osmane, persiane, greke, latine, shqiptare, hungareze, fr\u00ebnge e t\u00eb tjera, jan\u00eb ngritur m\u00eb von\u00eb p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime politike t\u00eb pal\u00ebve t\u00eb interesuara. Dometh\u00ebn\u00eb, p\u00ebr afirmimin e hapave t\u00eb rinj pushtues perandorak osman dhe Islamit drejt Per\u00ebndimit dhe Lindjes s\u00eb krishter\u00eb, nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, dhe p\u00ebrmbushjes s\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs p\u00ebr krijimin dhe forcimin e nj\u00eb muri kundra-osman t\u00eb gjith\u00ebkrishter\u00eb, n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr. Motivet fetare t\u00eb krishtera kundra-islame n\u00eb kronikat e shkruara europiane do t\u00eb forcoheshin ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht pas shekullit XVI, pik\u00ebrisht si produkt i l\u00ebvizjeve t\u00eb reja kulturore e politike n\u00ebn \u00e7atin\u00eb e Humanizmit, t\u00eb Renesanc\u00ebs, t\u00eb Reformacionit dhe t\u00eb Kund\u00ebreformacionit. P\u00ebrfundimisht deri n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb ndodhi kalimi masiv n\u00eb Islam i shqiptar\u00ebve ortodoks\u00eb sh\u00ebnsavian\u00eb e sh\u00ebnklimentian\u00eb n\u00eb ish-provincat romako-bizantine t\u00eb Dardanis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb Maqedonis\u00eb, q\u00eb pati p\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb edhe dep\u00ebrtimin e motiveve fetare islame n\u00eb kujtes\u00ebn historike shqiptare p\u00ebr Ndodhin\u00eb n\u00eb Fush\u00eb t\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave n\u00eb vitin 1389.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kumtes\u00eb jepen kronikat lindore dhe per\u00ebndimore t\u00eb krijuara n\u00eb rrjedh\u00eb t\u00eb historis\u00eb nga fundi i viteve t\u00eb 80-ta t\u00eb shek. XIV deri n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve t\u00eb 70-ta t\u00eb shek. XVII. K\u00ebto dokumente, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb studiohen nga \u00e7dokush, provojn\u00eb mosndodhjen e t\u00eb asht\u00ebquajtur\u00ebs “Betej\u00eb n\u00eb Fush\u00eb t\u00eb M\u00ebllenjvave” m\u00eb 1389.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr burim t\u00eb par\u00eb me origjin\u00eb osmane, i pari i njohur deri tashti, ku zuri fillin versioni zyrtar osman p\u00ebr Ndodhin\u00eb n\u00eb Fush\u00eb t\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave, \u00ebsht\u00eb poema \u201cIskender-name\u201d e poetit Ahmedije t\u00eb Anatolis\u00eb e p\u00ebrfunduar m\u00eb 13 Mars 1390. Nd\u00ebrkaq trajtimi kohor i ngjarjes n\u00eb Fush\u00eb t\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave m\u00eb 1389 nisi me vepr\u00ebn \u201cB\u0101zm u r\u00e2zm\u201d persisht t\u00eb Azis ibn Ard\u00e4shira Astr\u0101b\u0101dija, e p\u00ebrfunduar m\u00eb 1398. Ky krijues jetoi n\u00eb oborrin e nj\u00eb emiri t\u00eb pavarur, ndaj e dha drit\u00ebn e gjelb\u00ebr p\u00ebr komplotin ushtarak n\u00eb taborin e Sulltan Muratit. Sipas tij Murati I, si dhe biri i tij, Jakubi, u likuiduan me komplot nga i biri, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht v\u00ebllai, Bajaziti I. Kjo drit\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb do t\u00eb mjegullohet me versionet zyrtare p\u00ebr vrasjen e Muratit I, shkruar nga kronist\u00eb dhe historian\u00eb oborrtar\u00eb, nisur me vepr\u00ebn \u201cMenakib-name\u201d t\u00eb Jahshi Fakih-ut, shkruar nga bashk\u00ebkoh\u00ebsi i ndodhis\u00eb. Fakih ishte i biri i Iljasit, imam i Bajazidit I dhe vdiq para vitit 1413.
\nVepra e Fakihut u b\u00eb baz\u00eb e fort\u00eb p\u00ebr pretendimet e tjera historiografike osmane p\u00ebr Ndodhin\u00eb n\u00eb Fush\u00eb t\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave m\u00eb 1389. Pasoi historia e Mulla Shukrullah-ut: \u201cBehxhet-ut Tevarih\u201d, e p\u00ebrfunduar m\u00eb 2 n\u00ebntor 1459. Versionin zyrtar osman e shpini edhe m\u00eb tutje kronisti i quajtur Enver, n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn \u201cD\u00fcst\u00fcr-name\u201d t\u00eb viti 1464. Tri vjet m\u00eb pas u p\u00ebrfundua vepra historiografike madhore: \u201cTevarih-i al-i osman\u201d e Uruxh-it, e shkruar deri n\u00eb vitin 1467, i cili u mb\u00ebshtet kryesisht n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e Fakihut, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn e p\u00ebrfilli edhe historiani zulm\u00ebmadh, Ahmed Ashik-pasha Zade, n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e njohur me emrin \u201cMenakib\u201c ose \u201cTevarih-i al-i Osman\u201d, t\u00eb shkruar deri n\u00eb vitin 1484. Pasha Zade jetoi dhe veproi n\u00eb Shkup n\u00eb vitet 30-50 t\u00eb shek. XV, ndaj vepr\u00ebn e pasuroi edhe me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna nga kujtesa historike e rajonit q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshinte Fush\u00ebn e M\u00ebllenjave. Mir\u00ebpo, me ndikim t\u00eb madh n\u00eb historiografin\u00eb bot\u00ebrore do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet \u201cKit\u00e2b-i Cihan-n\u00fcm\u00e2\u201d i Mehmet Neshriut, e shkruar midis viteve 1484-1493, e fryr\u00eb me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna fantastike.<\/p>\n
Kujtesa historike n\u00eb Europ\u00ebn Juglindore p\u00ebr ngjarjen n\u00eb Fush\u00eb t\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave m\u00eb 1389 gjeti pohim n\u00eb \u201cKronik\u00ebn turke t\u00eb Jani\u00e7arit\u201d t\u00eb Mihail Konstantin – Ostrovic\u00ebs, e shkruar n\u00eb vitet 1491\/92, p\u00ebr nevojat e mbretit t\u00eb Hungaris\u00eb. Pas k\u00ebsaj kronike vije historia e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u201cHesht behisht\u201d e Idris Husam ed-Din – Bitlis, e p\u00ebrfunduar n\u00eb vitin 1505, nd\u00ebrkaq kjo u ndjek nga historia, gjithashtu madhore, \u201cTev\u00e0rih-i \u00e2l-i Osman\u201d e Kemal Pashazades, e shkruar midis viteve 1502-1510.<\/p>\n
Midis viteve 1490-1512, nj\u00eb krijues anonim nga Edrenea e p\u00ebrshtati historin\u00eb e Uruxhit, \u201cTevarih-i al-i osman\u201d, e pasuroi me motive t\u00eb reja dhe vende-vende e zbukuroi. Tani vijn\u00eb veprat historiografike osmane: \u201cT\u00e2rih-i Ni\u015danc\u00ee\u201d e Ramazan zade Mehmet \u00c7elebi – Nishanxhiut, e shkruar para vitit 1561 dhe vepra madhore \u201cTac-ut-tev\u00e2rih\u201d, e Saaduddin Mehmet Hoxha Efendis\u00eb, e shkruar m\u00eb 1575. E k\u00ebtij viti konsiderohet edhe vepra e Ahmed Fer\u00eed\u00fbn-it: \u201cMejm\u016bah-i nunsh\u00e2\u0101t-i Sal\u00e2t\u00een\u201d, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn jan\u00eb botuar letrat e Sulltan\u00ebve, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe \u201cFermanin e Bajazitit I\u201d nga Fusha e M\u00ebllenjave d\u00ebrguar kadiut t\u00eb Burs\u00ebs p\u00ebr varrosjen e kufom\u00ebs s\u00eb Muratit I. Sipas k\u00ebtij dokumenti, Sulltan Murati u flijua p\u00ebr islamin, si plot\u00ebsim i d\u00ebshir\u00ebs s\u00eb tij, n\u00eb mesin e muajit Shaban t\u00eb madh\u00ebruesh\u00ebm 791 t\u00eb hixhrit, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht m\u00eb 1389. Muaji Shaban i atij viti filloi dit\u00ebn e h\u00ebn\u00eb, m\u00eb 26 korrik dhe kishte 29 dit\u00eb, deri m\u00eb 23 gusht. Del se tragjikomendia tek Fusha e M\u00ebllenjave ndodhi m\u00eb 8 ose 9 Gusht 1389, dat\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn nuk e gjejm\u00eb n\u00eb kronikat osmane t\u00eb hershme, as t\u00eb p\u00ebrfillur nga historiografia turke, e cila p\u00ebr dat\u00eb t\u00eb Betej\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb n\u00eb Fush\u00eb t\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave mban 20 Qershorin 1389.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebraf\u00ebrsisht t\u00eb mesit t\u00eb viteve t\u00eb 70-ta t\u00eb shek. XVI \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe vepra: \u201cBad\u0101\u2019i \u2018ul-waq\u0101\u2019i\u201d e autorit Hoxha Husejn dhe \u201cNuhbet-\u00fct-tevarih ve \u2018L-abar\u201d e Mehmed bin Mehmed. T\u00eb dh\u00ebna me interes p\u00ebr ngjarjen n\u00eb Fush\u00eb t\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave n\u00eb vitin 1389 la edhe Mustafa Ahmedi – Aliu, i cili sh\u00ebrbeu n\u00eb Bosnj\u00eb, m\u00eb 1577, kurse kronik\u00ebn e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme: \u201cK\u00fcnh-\u00fcl-ahb\u00e2r\u201d e shkroi midis viteve 1591-1599. Nj\u00eb vep\u00ebr historiografike voluminoze midis kronik\u00ebs dhe historis\u00eb me pretendime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha \u00ebsht\u00eb historia \u201cT\u0101hih-i Sollakz\u00e2de\u201d, e shkruar para vitit 1657, e Mehmet Handamit – Solakzade.<\/p>\n
Nd\u00ebrkaq, t\u00eb dh\u00ebna me interes nga kujtesa historike shqiptare dhe europiane juglindore p\u00ebr Ndodhin\u00eb n\u00eb Fush\u00eb t\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave m\u00eb 1389 p\u00ebrjet\u00ebsoi n\u00eb kujtes\u00ebn dhe historiografin\u00eb osmane udh\u00ebp\u00ebrshkruesi i famsh\u00ebm Evlie \u00c7elebi, n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn madhore \u201cSijaset-name\u201d. Ai tokat shqiptare, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe rajonin e Fush\u00ebs s\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave i vizitoi n\u00eb vitet 1660-1662. P\u00ebr tradit\u00ebn vendase shqiptare t\u00eb Dardanis\u00eb (rajoni q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin Fush\u00ebn e M\u00ebllenjave) me interes p\u00ebr ngjarjen e vitit 1389 ka l\u00ebn\u00eb edhe dervishi i Selanikut Ahmet Dede Lutfullah-Mynexhimbashi,n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn: \u201cM\u00fcneccimba\u015fi Sah\u00e2if-ul-ahbar\u201d, t\u00eb shkruar pas vitit 1672. K\u00ebtu, t\u00eb themi kushtimisht, p\u00ebrfundon faza e historiografis\u00eb letraro-kronikale zyrtare osmane.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb rrjedh\u00eb t\u00eb koh\u00ebs, p\u00ebrkrah kronikave osmane, lind\u00ebn anuar\u00ebt dhe kronikat me origjin\u00eb europiane p\u00ebr Ndodhin\u00eb n\u00eb Fush\u00eb t\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave m\u00eb 1389. Mir\u00ebpo, derisa para kronikave osmane nuk njihet ndonj\u00eb dokument arkivor me origjin\u00eb lindore, vjetar\u00ebve dhe kronikave europiane p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb ngjarje u kan\u00eb paraprir\u00eb informatat me shkrim t\u00eb individ\u00ebve si p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb informuar opinionin p\u00ebr Ndodhin\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Informat\u00ebn e par\u00eb p\u00ebr Ndodhin\u00eb n\u00eb Fush\u00eb t\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave e la gjakoni Ignjatie, m\u00eb 27 qershor 1389, p\u00ebrcjell\u00ebs n\u00ebp\u00ebr Lindje i mitropolitit rus, Pimen. Ai shkroi se n\u00eb popull po flitet p\u00ebr vrasjen e Muratit I, por nuk e zuri ngoje vras\u00ebsin, as dit\u00ebn e vrasjes. M\u00eb 1 gusht 1389, Mbreti i Bosnj\u00ebs, Tvrtko I, e b\u00ebri me dije Bashkin\u00eb e Trogirit dhe t\u00eb Firenc\u00ebs se ushtria e tij e ka thye ushtrin\u00eb osmane t\u00eb Muratit I. Nga p\u00ebrgjigjja e Firenc\u00ebs, m\u00eb 20 tetor 1389, n\u00eb Letr\u00ebn e Mbretit Tvrtko I, del se firentinasit kishin siguruar edhe informata nga burime t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebr “Betej\u00ebn n\u00eb Fush\u00eb t\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave”. Ato Tvrtkos i uronin fitoren dhe i g\u00ebzoheshin vrasjes s\u00eb Muratit I nga ana e 12 bujar\u00ebve t\u00eb besatuar, nga t\u00eb cil\u00ebt – \u201cnj\u00ebri prej tyre me shpat\u00eb e therri\u201d.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket dokumentave me origjin\u00eb serbe, kultin e Lazarit dhe mitin serb t\u00eb “Kosovo poljes” (Fush\u00ebs s\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave) e krijoi qeveria dhe kisha ruse deri n\u00eb fund t\u00eb shekullit XVI. Kisha serbe n\u00eb Perandorin\u00eb Osmane p\u00ebr Ndodhin\u00eb n\u00eb Fush\u00eb t\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave u muar vet\u00ebm rreth dy muaj e gjysm\u00eb pas ngjarjes. Prifti Pahomije,me gjas\u00eb i kish\u00ebs s\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Onufrit t\u00eb Shumic\u00ebs, vend af\u00ebr Ravanic\u00ebs n\u00eb Shumadi, shkroi: \u201c…N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vit knez Lazarin e vran\u00eb turqit dhe Muratin serb\u00ebt\u201d. Dhe, vet\u00ebm rreth dhjet\u00eb vjet pas ngjarjes, aty nga fundi i shekullit XIV, kemi edhe nj\u00eb sh\u00ebnim tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb kish\u00ebs serbe ku thuhej: \u201cSa gj\u00ebm\u00eb u b\u00eb n\u00eb vend kur u vra knezi dhe mbreti i madh turk\u201d, pa ua z\u00eb ngoje emrat. Tani kjo kish\u00eb Tragjedin\u00eb Lazar-Murat m\u00eb nuk e zuri n\u2019goje p\u00ebr rreth 100 vjet, deri nga fundi i shekullit XV. N\u00eb nj\u00eb sh\u00ebnim t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kohe zihej n\u2019goje vrasja e Muratit I dhe e Lazarit dhe humbja e ushtris\u00eb s\u00eb krishter\u00eb \u201cp\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ikjes t\u00eb ca njer\u00ebzve serb\u00eb\u201d. Emrin e vras\u00ebsit t\u00eb Muratit nuk e p\u00ebrmendi asnj\u00ebri nga burimet kishtare serbe t\u00eb shek. XIV – XV. Emrin e vras\u00ebsit t\u00eb Muratit I nuk e p\u00ebrmendi as Konstantin Filozofi n\u00eb Biografin\u00eb e Stefan Lazarit , m\u00eb 1431, dhe as autori i anuarit Cetinski letopis (1516-1572). N\u00eb nj\u00ebrin dhe n\u00eb tjetrin shkrim, vras\u00ebsi i Muratit I em\u00ebrtohej vet\u00ebm \u201c…nj\u00eb far\u00eb burri fisnik\u201d, ndon\u00ebse kronikat osmane dhe europiane deri n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb p\u00ebr vras\u00ebs pranonin Milosh Nikoll\u00eb Kopiliqin – krahinar vendas dardan, vasal dhe i njohur mir\u00eb nga af\u00ebr i Sulltan Muratit I. Edhe Gjergj II Brankovi\u00e7i n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn \u201cCronica Serbica\u201d (fundi i shek. XVII), botim i vitit 1704, i iku rolit t\u00eb Milosh Nikoll\u00eb Kopiliqit n\u00eb tragjedin\u00eb n\u00eb Fush\u00eb t\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave m\u00eb 1389 dhe nuk dha shenja p\u00ebr egzistimin e kultit serb t\u00eb Lazarit dhe t\u00eb mitit serb t\u00eb Fush\u00ebs s\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebrsa i p\u00ebrket burimeve europiane p\u00ebr Ngjarjen n\u00eb Fush\u00eb t\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave m\u00eb 1389, para Tetorit t\u00eb vitit 1389 francezi Filip Mezi\u00e8re, ushtarak dhe administrator n\u00eb Qipro, e informonte Franc\u00ebn se ngjarja ku u vra Murati I me t\u00eb birin – \u201cs\u00eb bashku me disa udh\u00ebheq\u00ebs eminent turq\u201d ndodhi \u201cn\u00eb pjes\u00ebt e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb\u201d. Me interes \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe Letra e Dimitrije Kidonit drejtuar n\u00eb burg mbretit Mihaili II Paleolog, n\u00eb dit\u00ebt e para pas \u201cndeshjes\u201d s\u00eb koalicionit t\u00eb krishter\u00eb kund\u00ebr ushtris\u00eb osmane. Tani, m\u00eb s\u00eb pes\u00eb vjet m\u00eb nuk u fol p\u00ebr Ndodhin\u00eb n\u00eb Fush\u00eb t\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave deri n\u00eb Kronik\u00ebn e murgut t\u00eb Saint Denisit m\u00eb 1395, e cila nuk e zuri n\u00eb goj\u00eb emrin e vras\u00ebsit t\u00eb Muratit I. Filip Mezi\u00e8re Ndodhis\u00eb n\u00eb Fush\u00eb t\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave iu kthye edhe nj\u00eb her\u00eb m\u00eb 1396\/7 dhe paraqsite se ishin vrar\u00eb 20 mij\u00eb trupa t\u00eb Sulltanit dhe po aq t\u00eb Lazarit. M\u00eb tej pason kronika e nj\u00eb Anonimi grek e botuar nga Zoras dhe Anonimi i Raguz\u00ebs m\u00eb 1402, i cili ndiqte kujtes\u00ebn boshnjake. Ky do t\u00eb v\u00eb n\u00eb dukje se n\u00eb Fush\u00eb t\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave n\u00eb mesin e qershorit 1389 pran\u00eb Lazarit, t\u00eb cilin e quante \u201cmbret i Bosnj\u00ebs\u201d, ishin \u201cboshnjak\u00ebt\u201d, Vuk Brankovi\u00e7i dhe Vojvoda Vllatko Vukovi\u00e7 (i Kroacis\u00eb). Nuk e p\u00ebrmendi fare emrin e atij q\u00eb Muratit I i \u201cdha plag\u00eb n\u00eb zem\u00ebr\u201d. Kronisti anonim i Fiorentin\u00ebs (Kronika e Friulit), n\u00eb dhjet\u00ebvjet\u00ebshit e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit XV, foli p\u00ebr ngjarjet nga vrasja e Karlo Durrsakut m\u00eb 1385, deri n\u00eb vitin 1409. Sipas tij, Murati pati m\u00eb se 70 mij\u00eb viktima, kurse t\u00eb krishter\u00ebt m\u00eb se 30 mij\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Me ndikim n\u00eb historiografin\u00eb europiane do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet vepra e Laonici Chalcondyle Atheniensis: \u201cDe origjine et rebus gestis Turcorum…\u201d, e shkruar para vitit 1435 dhe e botuar m\u00eb 1556. Ky e dinte se vras\u00ebs n\u00eb variantet: Milo, Miloen dhe Michale. Nd\u00ebrkaq, sipas informatave q\u00eb kishte Mbreti hungarez, Albrehti, m\u00eb 1438 – Murati e Lazari u vran\u00eb n\u00eb dyluftim. P\u00ebr Ndodhin\u00eb n\u00eb Fush\u00eb t\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave m\u00eb 1389 shkroi edhe Armtari Jerga i Nirnbergut, i cili sh\u00ebrbeu n\u00eb oborrin e Stefan Vuk\u00e7i\u00e7 – Kosa\u00e7it para vitit 1466. Mir\u00ebpo, ndikim t\u00eb madh n\u00eb historiografin\u00eb europiane do t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb Kronika e Johan Mihail Duk\u00ebs, e botuar italisht n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shek. XVI. At\u00eb kryekreje e p\u00ebrfilli Marin Barleti si dhe nj\u00eb grup kallogjer\u00ebsh n\u00eb Letr\u00ebn p\u00ebr Pap\u00ebn m\u00eb 1598, si edhe relator\u00ebt: Marin Bici (1610) dhe Pjet\u00ebr Mazreku (1623\/24). K\u00ebto shkrues e pohuan edhe kujtes\u00ebn historike shqiptare t\u00eb Dardanis\u00eb p\u00ebr vrasjen e Sulltan Muratit I dhe t\u00eb Milosh Kopiliqit. Nga fillimi i shek. XVI p\u00ebr Ndodhin\u00eb n\u00eb Fush\u00eb t\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave m\u00eb 1389 la t\u00eb dh\u00ebna edhe prifti ulqinak Martin Segoni n\u00eb udh\u00ebp\u00ebrshkrimin \u201cDe itineribus in Turciam Libellus\u201d dedikuar nevojave t\u00eb mbretin hungarez, m\u00eb 1502, e cila m\u00eb von\u00eb i atribuohet udh\u00ebp\u00ebrshkruesit Filice Petantio-s, m\u00eb 1522.<\/p>\n
Me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb posa\u00e7me dhe sakt\u00ebsi t\u00eb madhe p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebmarrjen e shqiptar\u00ebve n\u00eb koalicionin e t\u00eb krishter\u00ebve kundra-osman\u00eb ofron kronika \u201cHistoria e generalogia della casa Musachia\u201d e Gjon Muzak\u00ebs, e shkruar n\u00eb vitin 1510. K\u00ebt\u00eb e ndjek raguzani Ludovik Cerva Tubero n\u00eb \u201cComentario de rebus quae temporibus eius…gestae funt\u201d, e shkruar para vitit 1515, kurse e botuar m\u00eb 1590 me titull: \u201c…De Turcorum origjine…\u201d. Ngjarjes s\u00eb vitit 1389 n\u00eb Fush\u00eb t\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave iu kushtua edhe Benedikt Kuripeshi\u00e7i n\u00eb \u201cItinerarium der Botschaftstreise…\u201d, m\u00eb 1530, kurse m\u00eb 1550 u botua n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn gjermane kronika osmane e quajtur: \u201cGirabi Tevarichi\u201d. Ngjarjes n\u00eb Fush\u00eb t\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave m\u00eb 1389 do t\u2019i p\u00ebrkushtohet edhe Francesco Sansouino n\u00eb \u201cGli Annali overo le vite de\u2019principi et singnori della casa Othomana\u201d, botuar m\u00eb 1571 si dhe udh\u00ebp\u00ebrshkruesi Jean Palerne Forensien, i cili vizitoi viset e Dardanis\u00eb n\u00eb vitet 90 t\u00eb shek. XVI dhe regjistroi kujtes\u00ebn historike shqiptare t\u00eb ndritur p\u00ebr Sk\u00ebnderbeun dhe p\u00ebr Milo Komnenin (Milosh Nikoll\u00eb Kopiliqin).<\/p>\n
Nga fillimi i shkullit XVII zuri fill trajtimi historiografik humanist europian p\u00ebr Ndodhin\u00eb n\u00eb Fush\u00eb t\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave n\u00eb vitin 1389. Me ndikim t\u00eb madh n\u00eb literatur\u00ebn historiografike europiane do t\u00eb b\u00ebhen veprat: \u201cIl regno de gli Slavi…\u201d, e Mavro Orbinit, e botuar m\u00eb 1601 dhe \u201cRistretto de gli anali di Rausa\u201d e Petro Lukarit, e botuar m\u00eb 1604. K\u00ebto dhe disa kronika osmane i ndoqi historiani anglez Richard Knolles n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn \u201cGenerall Historie of the Turkes…\u201d e botuar m\u00eb 1610 dhe 1710, i ndjekur nga Joanne Cuspiniano n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn \u201cDe Turcorum origjine…\u201d t\u00eb botuar m\u00eb 1673. Nga k\u00ebtu fillon dija shkencore p\u00ebr Ndodhin\u00eb n\u00eb Fush\u00eb t\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave m\u00eb 1389 mbi baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb kronikave osmane e europiane, me pasoja t\u00eb m\u00ebdha p\u00ebr historiografin\u00eb dhe historin\u00eb e popujve t\u00eb Europ\u00ebs Juglindore, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb d\u00ebm t\u00eb qenies shqiptare n\u00eb djepin e shqiptarizm\u00ebs, n\u00eb Dardani.<\/p>\n
E p\u00ebrmbledhur shkurtimisht: p\u00ebr shkenc\u00ebn e historis\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i njohur ndonj\u00eb dokument nga dita e ngjarjes dhe me kronikat nuk mund t\u00eb sakt\u00ebsohet dita kur ndodhi ajo. Festimi fetar serb “Vidovdan” p\u00ebr dat\u00ebn e 28 Qershorit 1389 (kalendari gregorian) \u00ebsht\u00eb shpikje e kish\u00ebs dhe e politik\u00ebs serbe nga fundi i shekullit XVIII – fillimi i shekullit XIX, nj\u00ebsoj si edhe kulti i Lazarit dhe miti i Fush\u00ebs s\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave. Sipas gjykimit kritik t\u00eb informatave dhe t\u00eb kronikave osmane dhe europiane mund t\u00eb thuhet se ka egzistuar p\u00ebrpjekja e fsheht\u00eb e Princ Lazarit p\u00ebr nj\u00eb aleanc\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb krishter\u00ebve europian\u00eb kund\u00ebr pushtuesit osman. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, Murati I dhe ushtria e tij arriti n\u00eb Dardani dhe ndaloi n\u00eb Fush\u00eb t\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave me qellim t\u00eb kontrollonte dhe t\u00eb forconte besnik\u00ebrin\u00eb e vasal\u00ebve n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, Serbi dhe Bosnje.<\/p>\n
Analiza e fakteve tregon se ngjarja n\u00eb fjal\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb komplot n\u00eb kreun komandues t\u00eb koalicionit t\u00eb t\u00eb krishter\u00ebve t\u00eb Europ\u00ebs Juglindore, n\u00eb nj\u00ebr\u00ebn an\u00eb, dhe n\u00eb kreun komandues t\u00eb ushtris\u00eb perandorake osmane, n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr. Ndodhia n\u00eb dy pamjet e saj origjinale, n\u00eb dy tabor\u00ebt ushtarake, u zhvillua n\u00eb intervalin kohor prej rreth dy or\u00ebsh dhe n\u00eb fsheht\u00ebsi t\u00eb madhe nga grupe t\u00eb vogla ushtarake. Ajo Ndodhi nuk shkaktoi asnj\u00eb \u00e7rregullim n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet shoq\u00ebrore t\u00eb koh\u00ebs kundrejt pushtuesit osman dhe vasal\u00ebve t\u00eb tij n\u00eb Europ\u00ebn Juglindore. N\u00eb terren nuk mbet\u00ebn apo nuk egzistojn\u00eb gjurm\u00eb t\u00eb luft\u00ebs – varre as gj\u00ebsende nga \u201cBeteja…\u201d, e cila n\u00eb burimet e p\u00ebrmendura tregohet se kishte armatim k\u00ebmb\u00ebsorie, kalor\u00ebsiake dhe artilerike t\u00eb p\u00ebrmasa fantastike: mbi 100’000 t\u00eb vrar\u00eb, e po gati aq t\u00eb plagosur, pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve \u201cnuk u p\u00ebrballuan plag\u00ebve\u201d. Kufoma e Muratit dhe kufoma e Lazarit, t\u00eb pad\u00ebmtuara, u varros\u00ebn me nderime t\u00eb larta fetare e pushtetore, i pari pran\u00eb xhamis\u00eb n\u00eb Burs\u00eb [t\u00eb Turqis\u00eb], kurse i dyti pran\u00eb kish\u00ebs ortodokse n\u00eb Prishtin\u00eb. Pak muaj m\u00eb von\u00eb kufoma e Lazarit do t\u00eb zhvarroset dhe rivarroset me nderime kishtare e pushtetore n\u00eb manastirin e Zhi\u00e7\u00ebs t\u00eb Shumadis\u00eb (n\u00eb Serbin\u00eb qendrore). Menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas “Betej\u00ebs”, Sulltani i ri Bajazidi I u martua me t\u00eb bij\u00ebn Mileva t\u00eb Princit Lazar t\u00eb vrar\u00eb dhe Stefan Lazarevi\u00e7i, v\u00ebllai i Milev\u00ebs, iu bashkua me ushtri Sulltan Bajazidit n\u00eb pushtimet e reja.<\/p>\n
\u00c7far pasoi at\u00eb ngjarje \u00ebsht\u00eb ruajtur n\u00eb kujtesat e hershme shqiptare n\u00eb Dardanin\u00eb e periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb krishter\u00eb ortodokse sh\u00ebnsaviane. N\u00eb epiqend\u00ebr t\u00eb saj \u00ebsht\u00eb fati tragjik i Sulltan Muratit I dhe i vendasit drenicar, Milosh Nikoll\u00eb Kopiliqit, zot\u00ebrues vasal i Dardanis\u00eb i njohur nga af\u00ebr me Sulltan Muratin I. Me k\u00ebto sh\u00ebmb\u00ebllejn\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm motivet e hershme t\u00eb kujtes\u00ebs epike boshnjake, kroate e serbe, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb pasuruar me aktor\u00eb imagjinar\u00eb dhe me motive fetare, mitike, legjendare e politike. T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto pat\u00ebn origjin\u00eb versionet zyrtare t\u00eb oborrit perandorak osman ashtu edhe t\u00eb kish\u00ebs ortodokse dhe t\u00eb oborrit mbret\u00ebror serb n\u00eb shekujt XV- XIX.<\/p>\n
Ajo q\u00eb ndodhi n\u00eb Fush\u00eb t\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave m\u00eb 1389 ishte thjesht nj\u00eb grusht shteti (jo betej\u00eb midis ushtrive) i organizuar nga Bajazidi I, i biri i vet Sulltan Muratit I dhe lordi serb Vuk Brankovi\u00e7. Bajazidi I u b\u00eb Sulltani i ri dhe Vuk Brankovi\u00e7i pas vdekjes s\u00eb princit Lazar u b\u00eb lordi serb m\u00eb i fuqish\u00ebm vasal i Sulltanit. M\u00eb pas, bandat e vras\u00ebsit Vuk Brankovi\u00e7 ua humb\u00ebn, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 at\u00eb t\u00eb princ Lazarit, varret titullar\u00ebve shqiptar\u00eb q\u00eb u vran\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb komplot, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe varrin e princit Theodor Muzaka II. Botimet e shumta n\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme apo goj\u00ebdh\u00ebnat popullore mbi t\u00eb asht\u00ebquajtur\u00ebn “Betej\u00eb n\u00eb Fush\u00eb t\u00eb M\u00ebllenjave m\u00eb 1389” thjesht kan\u00eb ushqyer propagand\u00ebn p\u00ebr krijimin e q\u00ebllimsh\u00ebm t\u00eb mitit (g\u00ebnjeshtr\u00ebs) p\u00ebr at\u00eb ndodhi. Megjithat\u00eb d\u00ebshmit\u00eb dhe analizat shkencore ndri\u00e7ojn\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebn dhe rr\u00ebfejn\u00eb ndryshe.<\/p>\n
Serb\u00ebt e ripohuan sjelljen e tyre vasale ndaj Sulltanit dhe jo si mbrojt\u00ebs t\u00eb krishterimit shtat\u00eb vjet m\u00eb pas, m\u00eb 25 Shtator 2014, n\u00eb Betej\u00ebn e Nikopolisit (n\u00eb veri t\u00eb Bullgaris\u00eb). N\u00eb at\u00eb betej\u00eb dhe me ndihm\u00ebn e serb\u00ebve, ushtria e Sulltan Bajazidit I shkat\u00ebrroi nj\u00eb ushtri t\u00eb madhe europiane t\u00eb krishter\u00eb. P\u00ebr europian\u00ebt, ajo ishte kryqzata e fundit me p\u00ebrz\u00ebn\u00eb osman\u00ebt nga Europa. N\u00eb at\u00eb betej\u00eb serb\u00ebt nuk e ndaluan tradh\u00ebtin\u00eb e tyre derisa “m\u00ebshiruan” mijra rob\u00ebrit e krishter\u00eb duke iua prer\u00eb kokat. Beteja e Nikopolisit sh\u00ebnoi kthes\u00ebn e pranis\u00eb osmane n\u00eb Europ\u00eb p\u00ebr shekujt n\u00eb vazhdim.<\/p>\n
Prishtin\u00eb<\/em>, Gusht 2006<\/em> Dielli 09-06-2014, Bota Sot 11-06-2014, Tirana Observer 18-06-2014, Tema 23-03-2014, Flas Shqip Qershor 2014<\/p>\n — d\u00ebrguar p\u00ebr publikim nga Saimir Lolja<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ndodhia n\u00eb rrjedh\u00eb t\u00eb poshtme t\u00eb lumit Llap n\u00eb ver\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 1389 ishte moment historik pa asnj\u00eb ndikim p\u00ebr ndryshime t\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve ekzistuese n\u00eb vendet e p\u00ebrfshira n\u00eb ngjarje. Ajo ngjarje n\u00eb historiografi dep\u00ebrtoi ngadal\u00eb dhe u ngulit\u00eb me em\u00ebrtimin Beteja [e Par\u00eb] n\u00eb Fush\u00ebn e M\u00ebllenjave (Kosovo Polje, n\u00eb serbisht) e vitit 1389, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,3],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n
\nProf. Dr. Muhamet Pirraku<\/strong> (1944-2014)<\/p>\n