{"id":13264,"date":"2013-11-25T08:41:42","date_gmt":"2013-11-25T07:41:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=5404"},"modified":"2013-11-25T08:41:42","modified_gmt":"2013-11-25T07:41:42","slug":"abecete-origjinale-shqiptare-1761-1844","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/abecete-origjinale-shqiptare-1761-1844\/","title":{"rendered":"Abecet\u00eb origjinale shqiptare (1761-1844)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Saimir Lolja<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dor\u00ebshkrimi Elbasanas i Ungjijve njihet si Anonimi i Elbasanit (1761) \u00ebsht\u00eb shkrimi m\u00eb i hersh\u00ebm Shqip i shkruar me nj\u00eb Abece origjinale. Autor ishte Gregori i Durr\u00ebsit, i njohur edhe si Gregori i Voskopoj\u00ebs, i cili q\u00ebndroi 15 vjet n\u00eb Elbasan para hartimit t\u00eb dor\u00ebshkrimit. Ai u p\u00ebrpoq t\u00eb shkruante n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt q\u00eb ta kuptonin shqiptar\u00ebt nga krahinat e ndryshme. Nj\u00eb gj\u00eb bie n\u00eb sy n\u00eb Dor\u00ebshkrimin Elbasanas: ka shum\u00eb pak fjal\u00eb t\u00eb huaja, vet\u00ebm tri fjal\u00eb latine dhe shtat\u00eb fjal\u00eb turke. 59 faqet e p\u00ebrkthimeve biblike n\u00eb Dor\u00ebshkrimin Elbasanas\u00a0p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb 6113 fjal\u00eb t\u00eb shkruara me nj\u00eb Abece prej 40 g\u00ebrmash: 35 g\u00ebrma t\u00eb zakonshme dhe 5 g\u00ebrma t\u00eb rralla.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\nKomisioni i Alfabetit t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe n\u00eb Kongresine Manastirit<\/strong><\/p>\n

Shumica e g\u00ebrmave t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj Abeceje jan\u00eb krijime t\u00eb reja pa ndikim t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve dhe Abeceve t\u00eb popujve fqinj\u00eb. Gjithashtu, n\u00eb kapakun e Dor\u00ebshkrimit Elbasanas t\u00eb Ungjijve gj\u00ebndet nj\u00eb vizatim dhe 12 fjal\u00eb t\u00eb shkruara me nj\u00eb Abece q\u00eb ndryshon krejt\u00ebsisht nga Abeceja e dor\u00ebshkrimit; por e pa zb\u00ebrthyer akoma. Abeceja e Todri Haxhifilipit (1730-1805) nga Elbasani, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem i nd\u00ebrlikuar prej 52 g\u00ebrmash q\u00eb u p\u00ebrdor aty k\u00ebtu n\u00eb Elbasan nga fundi i shekullit XVIII.<\/p>\n

Abeceja e Kodeksit t\u00eb Beratit (1764-1798), nj\u00eb dor\u00ebshkrim prej 154 faqesh, Shqip e greqisht. Me
\nshkronja t\u00eb kish\u00ebs lindore \u00ebsht\u00eb, bie fjala, nj\u00eb vjersh\u00eb e titulluar “Zonja Sh\u00ebn M\u00ebri p\u00ebrpara kryq\u00ebs\u00eb”. N\u00eb faqen 104 jan\u00eb dy radh\u00eb Shqip t\u00eb shkruara me nj\u00eb Abece origjinale prej 37 g\u00ebrmash t\u00eb ndikuara nga glagolishtja. Nj\u00eb Abece tjet\u00ebr paraqitet n\u00eb Gjinokast\u00ebr nga fundi i shekullit XVIII ose fillimi i shekullit XIX, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem prej 22 g\u00ebrmash, por pak e p\u00ebrhapur.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb Abece tjet\u00ebr e lindur n\u00eb Jugun e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo e Jani V\u00ebllarait (1771-1823). Ai ishte autori grek i sh\u00ebnimeve gramatikore greqisht-shqip t\u00eb vitit 1801 p\u00ebr t\u2019i m\u00ebsuar shqip grek\u00ebrve. Gjuh\u00ebn shqipe e shkroi me nj\u00eb Abece origjinale prej 30 g\u00ebrmash n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb latinishtes dhe t\u00eb greqishtes. Abeceja e Naum Veqilharxhit (1797-1846) nga Kor\u00e7a prej 33 g\u00ebrmash t\u00eb botuara n\u00eb abetaren e tij Shqipe n\u00eb vitin 1844. Jehona e k\u00ebsaj Abeceje, e cila i ngjan nj\u00eb lloj armenishtje t\u00eb pjerr\u00ebt, ishte e pak\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

Ajo periudh\u00eb nj\u00ebqindvje\u00e7are 1750-1850 p\u00ebrmban nj\u00eb shum\u00ebllojshm\u00ebri shkrimesh nga shqiptar\u00ebt. Pas vitit 1850, gjuh\u00ebs shqipe t\u00eb shkruar sipas shtat\u00eb Abeceve origjinal\u00eb t\u00eb lartp\u00ebrmendura iu shtuan edhe tre p\u00ebrshtatje t\u00eb Abeceve t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve latine, greke dhe arabe. \u00cbsht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u \u00e7uditur q\u00eb kultura shqiptare arriti ta dallonte veten dhe t\u00eb mbijetonte me nj\u00eb madh\u00ebshti e krijimtari t\u00eb till\u00eb letrare. Egzistenca e tyre \u00e7jerr nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht keq\u00ebsin\u00eb me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn u ndesh delegacioni Shqiptar n\u00eb Kongresin e Berlinit m\u00eb 1878 ku iu tha JO p\u00ebr shtetin Shqiptar t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar me “ar\u00ebsyen” se \u201cnuk mund t\u00eb kishte komb pa gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb shkruar\u201d. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb kishte jo nj\u00eb, por dhjet\u00eb Abece q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjidheshin e zbatoheshin.<\/p>\n

Kongresi i Manastirit ose ndryshe Kongresi i Abces\u00eb (14-22 N\u00ebntor 1908)<\/strong>
\nMendjet m\u00eb t\u00eb ndritura shqiptare p\u00ebrpiqeshin me k\u00ebmb\u00ebngulje t\u00eb zgjonin kombin arb\u00ebror dhe t\u00eb
\nbashkonin t\u00ebr\u00eb popullin duke i kujtuar misionin mijravje\u00e7ar q\u00eb kishte p\u00ebr t\u00eb trash\u00ebguar dhe p\u00ebrparuar komb\u00ebsin\u00eb e tij. Atdhetar\u00ebt p\u00ebrballeshin me nj\u00eb p\u00ebr\u00e7arje dhe p\u00ebrgjumje n\u00eb popull q\u00eb shkaktohej nga politika p\u00ebr\u00e7a-e-sundo e qeveris\u00eb osmane dhe armiqve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, nga ngrehinat shoq\u00ebrore feudale-fisnore n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, nga nj\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarje e palidhur e popullat\u00ebs dhe nga animet e ndryshme fetare t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrdornin osmanishten, greqishten, italishten e gjermanishten n\u00eb vend t\u00eb Shqipes.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb ato kushte hutimi por edhe lul\u00ebzimi komb\u00ebtar, shoq\u00ebria Bashkimi e Manastirit thirri m\u00eb 14 N\u00ebntor 1908 kongresin e par\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr diskutimin dhe miratimin e nj\u00eb Abeceje t\u00eb nj\u00ebsuar. Aty ishin t\u00eb pranish\u00ebm 50 delegat\u00eb (32 votues e 18 v\u00ebzhgues) t\u00eb ardhur nga t\u00eb gjitha an\u00ebt e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb dhe nga bashk\u00ebsit\u00eb shqiptare n\u00eb Rumani, Turqi, Egjypt, Itali, Amerik\u00eb e gjetk\u00eb. Kongresi u mbajt n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e Fehim Zavalanit, cili mbajti edhe fjalimin e mir\u00ebseardhjes. Kryetar i Kongresit u zgjodh Mithat Frash\u00ebri, i biri i Abdyl Frash\u00ebrit q\u00eb pat
\nkryesuar Lidhjen I t\u00eb Prizrenit, kurse p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesi i Shoq\u00ebris\u00eb Biblike Britanike dhe shkrimtari Gjergji Qiriazi u zgjodh n\u00ebnkryetar.<\/p>\n

Fran\u00e7eskani At Gjergj Fishta, i ardhur me p\u00ebrfaqsuesit e Shoq\u00ebris\u00eb \u201cBashkimi\u201d t\u00eb Shkodr\u00ebs themeluar m\u00eb 1899, me kumtes\u00ebn e tij “P\u00ebr alfabetin latin” i dha drejtimin e duhur marr\u00ebveshjes p\u00ebr Abecen\u00eb dhe pjesmarr\u00ebsit n\u00eb Kongres e zgjodh\u00ebn at\u00eb Kryetar t\u00eb Komisionit t\u00eb Abeces\u00eb. An\u00ebtar\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb Komisionit ishin Mithat Fash\u00ebri (n\u00ebn-kryetar i Komisionit), Luigj Gurakuqi (shkrimtar, botues, politikan, figur\u00eb komb\u00ebtare nga Shkodra), Gjergj Qiriazi, Don Ndre Mjedja (profesor jezuit nga Shkodra), Grigor Cilka (prift protestant nga Kor\u00e7a), Dhimit\u00ebr Buda (financues nga Elbasani p\u00ebr arsimin), Shahin Kolonja (gazetar dhe politikan nga
\nKolonja), Sotir Pe\u00e7i (matematikan nga Kor\u00e7a dhe p\u00ebrfaqsues i shqiptar\u00ebve t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs), Bajo Topulli (figur\u00eb komb\u00ebtare nga Gjinokastra) dhe Nyzhet Vrioni (politikan nga Berati). Parashqevi Qiriazi, e Shkoll\u00ebs s\u00eb Vajzave n\u00eb Kor\u00e7\u00eb, sh\u00ebrbeu si sekretare e komisionit.<\/p>\n

Ajo ishte e vetmja grua delegate n\u00eb Manastir dhe e para grua n\u00eb histori q\u00eb mori pjes\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb forum mbar\u00ebshqiptar. Dit\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb kongresit, Gjergj Fishta mbajti nj\u00eb fjalim tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb mrekulluesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr vetit\u00eb e mira t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve dhe nevojat e tyre. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, zonja Fineas Kenedi, nj\u00eb misionare amerikane n\u00eb Kor\u00e7\u00eb, e pranishme aty si v\u00ebzhguese, shkruante p\u00ebr poetin Gjergj Fishta: \u201cKumtesa m\u00eb e mir\u00eb u mbajt nga nj\u00eb prift katolik nga Shkodra, fjal\u00ebt e t\u00eb cilit b\u00ebn\u00eb q\u00eb d\u00ebgjuesve t\u2019u rridhnin lot\u00eb; nj\u00eb hoxh\u00eb u prek aq shum\u00eb, saq\u00eb rendi dhe e p\u00ebrqafoi para gjith\u00eb t\u00eb pranishm\u00ebve”. Don Nikoll\u00eb Ka\u00e7orri ishte nj\u00eb nga dijetar\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb ndritur n\u00eb Kongres. Tet\u00eb nga tremb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb parashtrimet e poetit Ndre Mjeda u miratuan nga Kongresi, i cili, ndon\u00ebse
\njetoi n\u00eb disa vende t\u00eb huaja dhe njihte 13 gjuh\u00eb, mbi gjuh\u00ebn Shqipe nuk vinte gj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr:<\/p>\n

Nji kto gjuh\u00eb, qi jam tue ndie jan\u00eb t\u00eb bukra me temel; por prep\u2019 k\u00ebjo, si diell pa hije, p\u00ebr mue t\u2019tanave iu del. Kongresi n\u00ebnt\u00ebditor vendosi me vot\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb q\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebt ta linin m\u00ebnjan\u00eb Abecen\u00eb e Stambollit (e cila b\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb Abeceja e Turqis\u00eb moderne) dhe ta shkruanin gjuh\u00ebn e tyre vet\u00ebm me Abecen\u00eb latine. Kjo Abece ishte p\u00ebrpiluar nga At Gjergj Fishta dhe n\u00eb Shkoll\u00ebn e Fret\u00ebneve n\u00eb Shkod\u00ebr ku ai ishte drejtor gjuha Shqipe e shkruar me Abecen\u00eb e sotme ishte n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim q\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1902. Abeceja e pranuar n\u00eb Manastir p\u00ebrmbante 36 shkronja apo bashkime shkronjash latine. Duke qen\u00eb se para k\u00ebsaj mbledhjeje gjuha shqipe ishte shkruar me shkronja lindore (arabe, cirilike apo p\u00ebrshtatje t\u00eb tyre), vendosm\u00ebria e k\u00ebtyre delegat\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u2019i kthyer syt\u00eb nga per\u00ebndimi ishte haptazi nje shpallje kulturore e pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb, gj\u00eb q\u00eb shkaktoi kund\u00ebrveprime t\u00eb ashpra nga bizantin\u00ebt (qeveria osmane e mosleman\u00ebt, qeverit\u00eb fetare sllave e greke).<\/p>\n

Kongresi vendosi gjithashtu ngritjen e Shtypshkronj\u00ebs Shqipe n\u00eb Manastir n\u00ebn drejtimin e Gjergj Qiriazit, e cila u b\u00eb shpejt e njohur anemban\u00eb vendit si shp\u00ebrndar\u00ebse e librave dhe gazetave Shqipe. Por shpejt qeveria osmane i mbylli t\u00eb gjitha shtypshkronjat shqipe. Megjithat\u00eb m\u00eb 1911, Hoxhson, p\u00ebrfaqsuesi i Shoq\u00ebris\u00eb Biblike t\u00eb Kostandinopoj\u00ebs, raportonte: \u201cT\u00eb gjitha shkollat shqipe jan\u00eb mbyllur pa pik\u00eb m\u00ebshire, kurse p\u00ebrpjekjet ngulmuese p\u00ebr ndalimin e gjuh\u00ebs dhe zhdukjen e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb Shqipe nuk kan\u00eb rreshtur kurr\u00eb. Gjendja e r\u00ebnd\u00eb politike mund t\u00eb marr\u00eb flak\u00eb nga \u00e7asti n\u00eb \u00e7ast\u201d. Tashm\u00eb shqiptarizmit i kishte shp\u00ebrthyer lul\u00ebzimi me nj\u00eb p\u00ebrhapje e rip\u00ebrt\u00ebritje q\u00eb nuk do i ndaleshin m\u00eb. Shqiptar\u00ebt e Kongresit t\u00eb Abeces\u00eb e kryen misionin e tyre; t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt kishin misione t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer n\u00eb shekullin e sapofilluar dhe n\u00eb shekujt e m\u00ebpas\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

(Shkrimi \u00ebsht\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur edhe n\u00eb botime t\u00eb autor\u00ebve Musa Ahmeti, Robert Elsie, Edwin E. Jacques, At Donat Kurti<\/em>).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Saimir Lolja Dor\u00ebshkrimi Elbasanas i Ungjijve njihet si Anonimi i Elbasanit (1761) \u00ebsht\u00eb shkrimi m\u00eb i hersh\u00ebm Shqip i shkruar me nj\u00eb Abece origjinale. Autor ishte Gregori i Durr\u00ebsit, i njohur edhe si Gregori i Voskopoj\u00ebs, i cili q\u00ebndroi 15 vjet n\u00eb Elbasan para hartimit t\u00eb dor\u00ebshkrimit. Ai u p\u00ebrpoq t\u00eb shkruante n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-13264","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-artikuj"},"yoast_head":"\nAbecet\u00eb origjinale shqiptare (1761-1844) - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/abecete-origjinale-shqiptare-1761-1844\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Abecet\u00eb origjinale shqiptare (1761-1844) - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Saimir Lolja Dor\u00ebshkrimi Elbasanas i Ungjijve njihet si Anonimi i Elbasanit (1761) \u00ebsht\u00eb shkrimi m\u00eb i hersh\u00ebm Shqip i shkruar me nj\u00eb Abece origjinale. Autor ishte Gregori i Durr\u00ebsit, i njohur edhe si Gregori i Voskopoj\u00ebs, i cili q\u00ebndroi 15 vjet n\u00eb Elbasan para hartimit t\u00eb dor\u00ebshkrimit. 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Autor ishte Gregori i Durr\u00ebsit, i njohur edhe si Gregori i Voskopoj\u00ebs, i cili q\u00ebndroi 15 vjet n\u00eb Elbasan para hartimit t\u00eb dor\u00ebshkrimit. 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