{"id":1306,"date":"2010-01-18T03:17:12","date_gmt":"2010-01-18T02:17:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fjala.shkoder.net\/?p=1306"},"modified":"2010-01-18T03:17:12","modified_gmt":"2010-01-18T02:17:12","slug":"mes-tradites-dhe-modernes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/mes-tradites-dhe-modernes\/","title":{"rendered":"Mes tradit\u00ebs dhe modern\u00ebs"},"content":{"rendered":"

Disa vler\u00ebsime p\u00ebrkitazi me ligjin p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsim i Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Zef<\/p>\n

Shkruan : Zef Ahmeti<\/strong> [1]<\/p>\n

koncepti dhe konteksti i mediacionit<\/strong>
\nN\u00eb literatur\u00ebn profesionale n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, dhe n\u00eb ligjin p\u00ebr mediacion t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs dhe Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, flitet p\u00ebr \u201cLigjin p\u00ebr Nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsim\u201d. Pra, fjala \u201cmediacion\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrkthyer n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn shqipe me fjal\u00ebn \u201cnd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsim\u201d. Ky p\u00ebrkthim n\u00eb shikim t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb shtyn\u00eb t\u00eb mendosh se, b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimin tradicional shqiptar qe tani \u00ebsht\u00eb sanksionuar me ligj.
\nTekstualisht n\u00eb ligjin p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsim t\u00eb miratuar nga Kuvendi i Kosov\u00ebs, thuhet: \u201cKuvendi i Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs… Duke respektuar historin\u00eb tradicionale t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimit n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, si dhe synimin p\u00ebr avancimin e sistemit juridik n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb; Miraton k\u00ebt\u00eb Ligj p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsim\u201d. [2] K\u00ebtu shtrohet pyetja: A \u00ebsht\u00eb sanksionuar me ligj instituti i nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimit, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht si e njeh tradita shqiptare, dhe \u00e7ka ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimi tradicional tek shqiptar\u00ebt me mediacionin?
\nNj\u00eb nga arsyetuesit e ligjit potencon se: \u201dInkorporimi i institutit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimit n\u00eb sistemin e drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb do t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb t\u00eb mundur shtimin e efikasitetit t\u00eb gjykatave dhe t\u00eb prokurorive, si dhe do t\u00eb ndikoj\u00eb n\u00eb thjesht\u00ebsimin e procedur\u00ebs, natyrisht edhe p\u00ebrshpejtimin e saj dhe n\u00eb uljen e shpenzimeve procedurale.\u201d [3] K\u00ebtu kemi nj\u00eb shkarjelogjike nga realiteti i shoq\u00ebris\u00eb kosovare dhe praktikave t\u00eb sistemit juridik n\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, en\u00eb ve\u00e7anti, k\u00ebtu shtrohet pyetja baz\u00eb: 1. kush \u00ebsht\u00eb duke e ushtruar funksionin e nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsuesit n\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs p\u00ebr ta leht\u00ebsuar sistemin, dhe a ka profesionalist\u00eb q\u00eb po e praktikojn\u00eb profesionin? 2. \u00e7far\u00eb rregulla p\u00ebrdor\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsuesi, ato t\u00eb mediacionit apo rregullat e nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimit tradicional shqiptar? Argumentin e p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsuar t\u00eb lartcekur si arsyetim p\u00ebr miratimin e ligjit n\u00eb fjal\u00eb e gjejm\u00eb tek amerikan\u00ebt dhe evropian\u00ebt. Te dy k\u00ebto sisteme juridike arsyen e futjes s\u00eb mediacionit si alternativ\u00eb p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e konflikteve dhe problemeve i kan\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme. Duhet shikuar si ndodhi q\u00eb mediacioni u b\u00eb pjes\u00eb, alternativ\u00eb e zgjidhjes s\u00eb problemeve dhe konflikteve n\u00eb SHBA dhe n\u00eb disa shtete t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs, dhe cili \u00ebsht\u00eb motivi i miratimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb ligji t\u00eb till\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb? A \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb arsyeja e shtimit t\u00eb efikasitetit gjyq\u00ebsor, ulja e shpenzimeve, p\u00ebrshpejtimi etj., apo \u00ebsht\u00eb, si\u00e7 thot\u00eb argumentimi tjet\u00ebr, \u201c…nj\u00eb hap p\u00ebrpara n\u00eb pranimin e standardeve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare q\u00eb rregullojn\u00eb mjetet alternative t\u00eb zgjedhjes s\u00eb konflikteve.\u201d [4] Pra, a \u00ebsht\u00eb ligji p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsim tradit\u00eb shqiptare, apo standard nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar?
\nPara se t\u00eb hyjm\u00eb n\u00eb pyetjet e (para)shtruara, n\u00eb vijim ne do t\u00eb paraqesim disa koncepte q\u00eb do t\u00eb sakt\u00ebsoj kuptimin dhe q\u00ebllimin e medicionit. Kemi vendosur me q\u00ebllim t\u00eb mos e p\u00ebrdorim p\u00ebrkthimin \u201cnd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsim\u201c t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs \u201cmediacion\u201d, p\u00ebr t\u00eb sqaruar, n\u00ebse ka apo jo, ndonj\u00eb dallim mes k\u00ebtyre kuptimeve t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre nocioneve.
\nN\u00eb latinishten e vjet\u00ebr e kemi em\u00ebrimin mediatrix (p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsuesen) dhe mediator (p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsuesin). N\u00eb greqishten e vjet\u00ebr kemi nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsuesen mesitis, dhe nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsuesin mesitaes. Te dy k\u00ebto dy fjal\u00eb, n\u00eb greqisht dhe latinisht, q\u00eb kan\u00eb gjenez\u00ebn mbi dy mij\u00eb vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, si thelb t\u00eb kuptimit t\u00eb tyre e kan\u00eb \u201cmesin\u201d. [5] Var\u00ebsisht nga kultura, nd\u00ebr-mjet\u00eb-suesi ka pasur funksione t\u00eb ndryshme. Meqen\u00ebse gjat\u00eb historis\u00eb kemi pasur mediator me detyra t\u00eb ndryshme. Var\u00ebsisht nga rrethanat shoq\u00ebrore mediacionin (shqip: nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimin) disa shoq\u00ebri e perceptojn\u00eb si paqe-prur\u00ebs dhe pajtim. K\u00ebshtu p\u00ebr shembull fjala franceze apaiseur (me thelbin e saj q\u00ebndron paix \u2013paqe) q\u00eb ka kuptimin edhe si pajtues. [6]
\nP\u00ebr tu shprehur me fjal\u00ebt e mentorit tim t\u00eb magjistratur\u00ebs, dhe nj\u00ebrin nga pionieret e k\u00ebsaj fushe n\u00eb rajonin gjermanofol\u00ebs, Joseph Duss-von Werdt, vijm\u00eb te ky p\u00ebrkufizim: \u201dE sigurt \u00ebsht\u00eb se, ka pasur njer\u00ebz q\u00eb kan\u00eb menduar dhe vepruar si nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsues, para ekzistenc\u00ebs s\u00eb \u201cmediacionit\u201d si disiplin\u00eb. Si drejtim [profesinal] form\u00ebsohet ai [mediacioni] tek rreth viteve t\u00eb 1960-ta, dhe pastaj ngritet nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht n\u00eb \u201cprodukt\u201d t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr treg, b\u00ebhet \u201cmetod\u00eb\u201d dhe \u201cteknik\u00eb\u201d me t\u00eb cilat njeriu mund t\u00eb shkollohet.\u201d [7]
\nDhe tani ti kthehemi fjal\u00ebs shqipe: nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsues. Sipas fjalorit t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe [8]nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb ai q\u00eb hyn\u00eb n\u00eb mes t\u00eb dy pal\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje, p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb pun\u00eb etj.: ai q\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb fejes\u00eb, lajm\u00ebs. Pra, psh. nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsoj p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje a p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur di\u00e7ka n\u00eb dobi t\u00eb nj\u00eb tjetri. Nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsim p\u00ebr paqe, nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsoj p\u00ebr t`i pajtuar.
\nEkzistenca e k\u00ebsaj fjale n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn shqipe t\u00eb detyron t\u00eb konstatosh se, tek shqiptar\u00ebt p\u00ebrher\u00eb ka pasur konflikte dhe probleme t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb pasur nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb paq\u00ebsohen a pajtohen. Mir\u00ebpo historia e shqiptar\u00ebve na tregon se ka pasur edhe nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsime q\u00eb kishin p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim parandalimin e eskalimit t\u00eb situatave. Kur flasim p\u00ebr semantik\u00ebn e nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimit, ne patjet\u00ebr jemi t\u00eb detyruar t\u00eb kujtojm\u00eb institutin e nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimit tek e drejta zakonore shqiptare. Dhe k\u00ebtu vijm\u00eb te pyetja se, a ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj di\u00e7ka ligji p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsim i Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs me k\u00ebt\u00eb tradit\u00eb zakonore t\u00eb pashkruar?<\/p>\n

mediacioni n\u00eb vendet e ndryshme<\/strong>
\nMediacioni n\u00eb kontekstin e sotsh\u00ebm, n\u00eb form\u00ebn si e njohim sot, n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb ka ardhur nga SHBA. Arsyejet e rritjes s\u00eb pranimit nga shoq\u00ebria e mund\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb procedur\u00ebs s\u00eb mediacionit n\u00eb fushat e ndryshme jan\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme. N\u00eb SHBA arsye e k\u00ebsaj alternative p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e problemeve dhe konflikteve ka qen\u00eb struktura dhe sistemi gjyq\u00ebsor amerikan. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vend shpenzimet p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb proces n\u00eb gjykat\u00eb pal\u00ebt n\u00eb proces duhet t`i paguajn\u00eb parimisht vet, por edhe ngarkesat tjera psikike p\u00ebr pal\u00ebt gjat\u00eb procesit ka ndikuar q\u00eb t\u00eb krijohet nj\u00eb proces, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi e re p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e konflikteve dhe problemeve. Mediacioni \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb ashtuquajtur\u00ebs \u201cAlternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)\u201d si kategori e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. [9] Dhe me pun\u00ebn hulumtuese shkencore p\u00ebr mediacionin n\u00eb vitet e 70-ta t\u00eb shek. 20-t\u00eb del edhe koncepti i njohur i quajtur koncepti i Harward-it, q\u00eb trajton se si duhet t\u00eb bisedohet. [10]
\nN\u00eb Gjermani mediacioni sillet nga Amerika n\u00eb vitet e tet\u00ebdhjeta dhe n\u00ebnt\u00ebdhjeta t\u00eb shek. 20. N\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb kthesave t\u00eb ndryshme, sidomos n\u00eb vitet e `90-ta, kishte nj\u00eb tendenc\u00eb shoq\u00ebrore q\u00eb vendimet shtet\u00ebrore t\u00eb kalojn\u00eb sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb vetp\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi t\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve, pra nj\u00eb lloj mund\u00ebsie e decentralizimit, por q\u00eb nuk bien e ndeshin me ligjet e detyrueshme. Mediacioni shikohet si mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb leht\u00ebsuar gjykatat nga l\u00ebnd\u00eb t\u00eb tilla t\u00eb thjeshta nga e konfliktet dhe problemet e ndryshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrditshme t\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve. Si arsye tjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe p\u00ebrpjekja q\u00eb konfliktet sociale t\u00eb ken\u00eb nj\u00eb zgjidhje t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme, paq\u00ebsimin e q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm. [11]
\nEdhe n\u00eb Zvic\u00ebr mediacioni ka filluar t\u00eb z\u00eb rr\u00ebnj\u00eb diku nga fundi i viteve t\u00eb `80-ta. K\u00ebtu metoda e mediacionit p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e konflikteve dhe problemeve mes njer\u00ebzve nuk ka qen\u00eb e kuptuar si l\u00ebvizje kund\u00ebr sistemit juridik zviceran, por si alternativ\u00eb p\u00ebr pal\u00ebt e prekura q\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet dialogut dhe pjes\u00ebmarrjes aktive t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb zgjidhje. Besimi n\u00eb sistemin gjyq\u00ebsor n\u00eb Zvic\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i madh, dhe qytetar\u00ebt ende nuk e kan\u00eb pranuar mediacionin si alternativ\u00eb n\u00eb zgjidhjen e konflikteve si\u00e7 do t\u00eb d\u00ebshironin profesionist\u00ebt. [12] Megjith\u00ebq\u00eb n\u00eb ndryshimet q\u00eb pretendohen t\u00eb b\u00ebhen n\u00eb ligjin e procedur\u00ebs civile \u00ebsht\u00eb arritur mediacioni t\u00eb b\u00ebhet pjes\u00eb e k\u00ebtij ligji si mund\u00ebsi procedurore p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e konteksteve t\u00eb ndryshe me karakter civil.
\nMediacioni \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb pjes\u00eb e mund\u00ebsive p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e konflikteve n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende t\u00eb Bashkimit Evropian. N\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyre, apo nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr mediacioni njihet n\u00eb: Belgjik\u00eb, Franc\u00eb, Angli, Itali, Holand\u00eb, Austri, Spanj\u00eb, Gjermani, Danimark, Finland, Suedi. Meqen\u00ebse kjo mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e konflikteve \u00ebsht\u00eb pranuar si mund\u00ebsi alternative, edhe Bashkimi Evropian ka nxjerr\u00eb Kodeksin e (mir\u00eb)sjelljes s\u00eb mediator\u00ebve, [13] po ashtu kemi edhe nj\u00eb rekomandim p\u00ebr mediacion (2008\/52\/EG) nga Parlamenti Evropian. [14] Me gjith\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb mund\u00ebsi, semantika e mediacionit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb identike me ato nacionale. Edhe m\u00eb i madh \u00ebsht\u00eb dallimi kur\u00eb b\u00ebhet fal\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. N\u00eb BE arsye p\u00ebr dh\u00ebnien e mund\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr t`i zgjidhur konfliktet me procedur\u00ebn e mediacionit ka qen\u00eb shtrenjt\u00ebsia e madhe e procedurave gjyq\u00ebsore e p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsishtngadalshm\u00ebria e procesit gjyq\u00ebsor. [15]
\nPra, arsyet jan\u00eb nga m\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme q\u00eb arsyetojn\u00eb pranimin e mediacionit n\u00eb rregullimin e konflikteve dhe problemeve n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri, si: kursimi i shpenzimeve, m\u00ebnjanimi i ngarkesave psikike, zgjidhjet me q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebri afatgjate, procedurat e st\u00ebrzgjatura n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb gjykatave brenda BE-s\u00eb, mund\u00ebsia e t\u00eb dy pal\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u00eb dal fitues, nd\u00ebrsa para gjykat\u00ebs kemi fitues dhe humb\u00ebs etj. etj.
\nSado q\u00eb mediacioni t\u00eb jet\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb i popullarizuar kemi hezitim t\u00eb madh n\u00eb nxjerrjen e ligjeve t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta p\u00ebr mediacion p\u00ebr shkak se praktika ka hedhur n\u00eb drit\u00eb shum\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb hapura etike dhe juridike, se duhet t\u00eb harmonizohen shum\u00eb pika n\u00eb sistemin e drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb. Austria ka nj\u00eb ligj p\u00ebr meditacionin [16] q\u00eb rregullon edhe at\u00eb se, \u00e7far\u00eb edukimi duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar nj\u00eb person p\u00ebr t\u00eb pas t\u00eb drejt\u00eb t\u00eb ushtroj detyr\u00ebn e mediatorit. N\u00eb Gjermani dhe Zvic\u00ebr, me gjith\u00eb mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e ndryshme p\u00ebr kualifikim profesional q\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb shkollat, institutet dhe universitetet e ndryshme, si dhe me gjith\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebs tejet t\u00eb madhe, ende nuk kan\u00eb ligj p\u00ebr mediacion. Aty ku mungon ligji, rregullimi i shum\u00eb fushave q\u00eb lidhen me mediacionin dhe ushtrimin e tij, jan\u00eb t\u00eb rregulluara nga shoqatat komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb profesionist\u00ebve – mediator\u00ebve.
\nndermjetesimi tradicional shqiptar<\/strong>
\nPopulli shqiptar njihet p\u00ebr shum\u00eb karakteristika tradicionale. Nj\u00ebra nga k\u00ebto \u00ebsht\u00eb e drejta zakonore shqiptare e njohur si Kanun. Kjo e drejt\u00eb zakonore baz\u00ebn e vet\u00eb e ka shum\u00eb her\u00ebt. Disa thon\u00eb se ajo ka ekzistuar qysh n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e ilir\u00ebve, e disa t\u00eb tjer\u00eb thon\u00eb se Kanunet shqiptare baz\u00ebn kryesore, ashtu si\u00e7 i njohim sot, e kan\u00eb n\u00eb mesjet\u00eb. Invazioni Otoman n\u00eb vendet e banuara me shqiptar\u00eb, kishte ndikuar q\u00eb shoq\u00ebria shqiptare t\u00eb vetorganizohet. Dhe si element p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebs i vetorganizimit ka qen\u00eb edhe e drejta zakonore shqiptare, e cila ka qen\u00eb sa element rezistues kund\u00ebr sistemit okupues otoman, po aq ka qen\u00eb edhe element q\u00eb ka mund\u00ebsuar rregullimin e raporteve sociale n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb shqiptare. Kanuni, pra, si sistem paralel dhe refuzues ndaj pushtuesit, dhe si pjes\u00eb e kultur\u00ebs juridike shqiptare.
\nKonfliktet dhe problemet shoq\u00ebrore kanuni i rregullonte me, mbase n\u00eb kanun ka disa em\u00ebrime p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsuesit, duke fillua te pleqnia (me karakter gjyqi), dor\u00ebzan\u00ebt e gjakut (bestari), pajtimi , gjindja e urt\u00eb, pastaj si nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebs ka qen\u00eb edhe ai q\u00eb ka hy “p\u00ebr me da fjal\u00ebt e kqia”, pastaj prifti si nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsues n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb “Famullis a n`em\u00ebr t\u00eb flamurit\u201d. Kjo tradit\u00eb e nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimit ka mbetur aktual (si habitus – krahaso teorin\u00eb e habitus-it, v\u00ebr. e autorit) deri n\u00eb dit\u00ebt e sotshme. Sot, padyshim, nuk b\u00ebhet nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimi krejt konform\u00eb k\u00ebsaj t\u00eb drejte zakonore. Mbase tani si nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsues veprojn\u00eb persona q\u00eb vijn\u00eb nga shtresat dhe gjinit\u00eb e ndryshme, pra nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb veprim i rezervuar apo i preferuar p\u00ebr disa njer\u00ebz t\u00eb caktuar. Meqen\u00ebse ka ende njer\u00ebz q\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimin sot e ushtrojn\u00eb konform\u00eb rregullave tradicionale, si\u00e7 e lyp\u00eb kanuni.
\nPra nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimi si i till\u00eb ka qen\u00eb p\u00ebrher\u00eb prezent n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb shqiptare. Sot ky nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsim ka mbet aktual edhe p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb mosbesimit p\u00ebrball\u00eb sistemit gjyq\u00ebsor, prezenc\u00ebs s\u00eb korrupsionit n\u00eb gjykata, por edhe p\u00ebr shkak se, paraqitja n\u00eb gjykat\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb konflikti ka mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb nxis\u00eb urrejtje edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe mes pal\u00ebve, apo edhe fakti se shpesh vendimet e gjykatave n\u00eb aspektin juridik kan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb vendimin sipas ligjit, porse vendimi i till\u00eb ka nxitur edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb konfliktin. Nd\u00ebrsa ne p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojm\u00eb mendimin, se instituti i pajtimit n\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn zakonore shqiptare m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti i ofrohet mediacionit. [17]
\nFilozofi gjerman Christian Wolf (1679-1754) ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizim p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsuesin [18] i cili i ofrohet bot\u00eb-kuptimit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimit sipas t\u00eb drejt\u00ebs zakonore shqiptare. Sipas Wolf p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsim duhet t\u00eb plot\u00ebsohen k\u00ebto kritere: T\u00eb gjith\u00eb e pranojn\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsuesin. N\u00ebse dhe vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb i vet\u00ebm e refuzon nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsuesin, ai nuk mund ta b\u00ebj pun\u00ebn e tij; n\u00ebse nj\u00ebher\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb e pranojn\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsuesin, ata nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb obliguesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr ta shfryt\u00ebzuar k\u00ebt\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb, dhe se ata kan\u00eb mund\u00ebsi ta t\u00ebrheqin porosin\u00eb pa ndonj\u00eb arsyetim; edhe nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsuesi ka mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb t\u00ebrhiqet, n\u00ebse ai p\u00ebrpjekjet e tija i vler\u00ebson si t\u00eb pafrytshme e t\u00eb padobishme. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast ai ka mund\u00ebsi t`iu propozoj pal\u00ebve thirrjen e nj\u00eb gjyqtari arbitrar; sa i p\u00ebrket ecuris\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsuesi \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrher\u00eb prezent; ai n\u00eb nj\u00ebr\u00ebn an\u00eb ka mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb jap propozim, q\u00eb sipas mendimit t\u00eb tij mund ta p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb konfliktin, si dhe n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb shpreh mendimin e tij n\u00eb pikat kontroverse gjat\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimit apo ata t`i k\u00ebshilloj q\u00eb t\u00eb pranojn\u00eb propozimin p\u00ebr zgjidhje t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb nga ai apo nga pala tjet\u00ebr; megjith\u00ebk\u00ebt\u00eb ai duhet t\u00eb sillet dhe t\u00eb marr\u00eb q\u00ebndrim shum\u00eb t\u00eb paansh\u00ebm, q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb e qart\u00eb se si propozimet e tija jan\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb te t\u00eb dyja pal\u00ebve dhe se propozimi m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti iu ofrohet pik\u00ebpamjeve t\u00eb tyre. Dhe n\u00ebse ndonj\u00ebr\u00ebs pal\u00eb nuk i p\u00eblqen propozimi, ai ka mund\u00ebsi ta refuzoj.
\nmediationi dhe nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsmi tradicional shqiptar<\/strong>
\nP\u00ebr ta kuptuar dallimin mes nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimit tradicional shqiptar dhe mediacionit mbase nuk do t`i jepte p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqshme ndoshta as nj\u00eb disertacion. Andaj kjo q\u00eb po e themi k\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb paraqitje e shkurt\u00ebr e pik\u00ebpamjes sime p\u00ebrkitazi me tem\u00ebn.
\nP\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb q\u00ebndrimin, duhet q\u00eb tash k\u00ebtu t`i japim disa shpjegime t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme p\u00ebr mediacionin. Ne k\u00ebtu nuk d\u00ebshirojm\u00eb t\u00eb japim definicion, por po e paraqesim drejtimin e k\u00ebsaj procedure.
\nSi q\u00ebllime t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb mediacionit konsiderohen: zgjidhja e konflikteve n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme \u2013 paq\u00ebsimi; arritja e nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje p\u00ebrfundimtare duke u mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb nj\u00eb liri t\u00eb barabart\u00eb dhe informim t\u00eb pal\u00ebve; dhe arritja e nj\u00eb zgjidhje q\u00eb p\u00ebr pal\u00ebt mund\u00ebsisht t\u00eb sjell\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb fitim se humbje (jo vet\u00ebm materiale, por edhe psikike), pra arritja e nj\u00eb rezultati winer-winer (fitues-fitues).
\nSi principe t\u00eb mediacionit kemi: pjes\u00ebmarrja me vet\u00eb d\u00ebshir\u00eb n\u00eb procedur\u00ebn e mediacionit; mediatori e udh\u00ebheq\u00eb procedur\u00ebn; mediatori kujdeset dhe p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsoj nj\u00eb kultur\u00eb komunikimi, e cila mund\u00ebson q\u00eb pal\u00ebt t\u00eb kuptojn\u00eb nj\u00ebri tjetrin; pal\u00ebt e prekura duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb krejt autonom n\u00eb vendimet e tyre; mediatori \u00ebsht\u00eb i gjithansh\u00ebm n\u00eb kuptimin se ai \u00ebsht\u00eb prezent n\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb dy pal\u00ebve, kemi rregullin e detyruar p\u00ebr mediatorin q\u00eb t`i ruaj n\u00eb fsheht\u00ebsi gjith\u00eb at\u00eb \u00e7ka flasin pal\u00ebt n\u00eb procesin e mediacionit. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 t\u00eb tjerash mediatori duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb i aft\u00eb t\u00eb balancoj pushtetin e nj\u00ebr\u00ebs apo tjetr\u00ebs pal\u00eb n\u00eb procedur\u00eb, t\u00eb mos lejoj teknikat manipuluese, t\u00eb m\u00ebnjanoj eskalimin e situat\u00ebs, t\u00eb ndihmoj q\u00eb pal\u00ebt t\u00eb kuptohen mes veti, t\u00eb ndihmoj q\u00eb t\u00eb zbardhet konflikti nga perspektivat e ndryshme, si dhe t\u00eb nxis\u00eb pal\u00ebt q\u00eb t\u00eb propozojn\u00eb sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e konfliktit t\u00eb tyre. [19]
\nSot mediacioni vlersohet si procedur\u00eb p\u00ebr zgjidhjen kooperative t\u00eb konflikteve dhe tejkalimin e tyre q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga nj\u00eb tuf\u00eb-metod\u00eb e p\u00ebrmbledhur n\u00eb dhjet\u00ebvjet\u00ebshat e fundit para se gjitha me p\u00ebrdorimin e njohurive nga psikolog\u00ebt, hulumtues t\u00eb sjelljeve t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve, teorik\u00ebve t\u00eb loj\u00ebrave dhe bisedimeve. Pra nj\u00eb procedur\u00eb q\u00eb nga njohurit\u00eb e disiplinave t\u00eb ndryshme, ka arritur t\u00eb ngritet n\u00eb nj\u00eb procedur\u00eb n\u00eb vete. Mediatori duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb njohuri p\u00ebr komunikimi verbal dhe jo verbal, t\u00eb kuptoj gjuh\u00ebn dhe l\u00ebvizjet e trupit dhe gjesteve, t\u00eb kuptoj situatat kur duhet shtruar pyetje nj\u00ebr\u00ebs a tjetr\u00ebs pal\u00eb, si t\u00eb sillet me paanshm\u00ebrin\u00eb, \u00e7ka n\u00ebse emocionet eskalojn\u00eb etj. etj.
\n\u201cN\u00eb mediacion nuk behet fjale p\u00ebr te gjetur \u201et\u00eb\u201c v\u00ebrtet\u00ebn, por p\u00ebr koordinimin e t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetave t\u00eb ndryshme.\u201d [20] Nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimi tek shqiptar\u00ebt nuk mund t\u00eb thuhet se \u00ebsht\u00eb i nj\u00ebjti produkt si procedura e mediacionit, megjith\u00ebse kan\u00eb pika t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta.
\nNd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimi tek e drejta zakonore shqiptare \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb sistemi juridik t\u00eb pashkruar. Ky sistem i pashkruar i p\u00ebrcakton nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsuesit t\u00eb drejta dhe detyrime t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb sanksionuara sipas k\u00ebsaj t\u00eb drejte. Veprimet e nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsuesit n\u00eb vendimet e tija duhet t\u00eb pasojn\u00eb sipas kanunit, ato duhet bazuar n\u00eb normat q\u00eb rregullon kanuni. Pra edhe rregullimi i nj\u00eb konflikti duhet t\u00eb pasoj sipas normave p\u00ebr rregullimin e konflikteve sipas kanunit. Andaj nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsuesit kan\u00eb vepruar sipas sistemit t\u00eb s\u00eb drejt\u00ebs zakonore shqiptare.
\nMediacioni sot nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb rezultat i refuzimit t\u00eb gjyq\u00ebsis\u00eb shtet\u00ebrore, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht rebelim kund\u00ebr gjyq\u00ebsis\u00eb. Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb mund\u00ebsi alternativ\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn pal\u00ebt vendosin vet p\u00ebr t`i zgjidhur kontekstet a konfliktet mes tyre, por q\u00eb \u00e7do marr\u00ebveshje q\u00eb bie dhe ndesh me t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e detyrueshme (psh. vrasja, dhunimi, n\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn civile psh. e drejta e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve) me marr\u00ebveshje nuk lejohet t\u00eb bien ndesh\u00eb me normat ligjore t\u00eb detyrueshme. Mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar n\u00eb gjykatat e rregullta \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrher\u00eb e mundshme.
\nP\u00ebrderisa n\u00eb procedur\u00ebn e mediacionit prezent apo vendimmarr\u00ebs duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb vet\u00eb pal\u00ebt e prekura drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb, sipas nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimit tradicional shqiptar \u00ebsht\u00eb i \u201czoti i shpis\u00eb\u201d apo kryeplaku q\u00eb ka vendos\u00eb n\u00eb procesin e nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimi. N\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn familjare sipas mediacionit, p\u00ebr shembull n\u00eb nj\u00eb konflikt martesor\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb \u00e7ifti ai q\u00eb vendos p\u00ebr ardhm\u00ebrin\u00eb e tyre, e n\u00eb rast konflikti a problemi, n\u00eb procesin e nd\u00ebrmjet-\u00ebsimit nuk ka vendos bashk\u00ebshortja e prekur nga konflikti, por n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb saj ka vepruar dikush nga familja e saj, fenomen ky q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb prezent edhe sot.
\nDuke pasur parasysh se, mediacioni \u00ebsht\u00eb i fokusuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb rregulluar t\u00eb ardhmen, e jo t\u00eb konstatoj a gjykoj t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn, ai dallon nga natyra e nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimit tradicional shqiptar, i cili parimisht pretendon t`i jap\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb nj\u00ebr\u00ebs apo tjetr\u00ebs pal\u00eb, \u00e7ka n\u00eb mediacion nuk e gjejm\u00eb, si dhe merret shum\u00eb p\u00ebr ta rregulluar at\u00eb q\u00eb ka ndodhur, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb mediacion e kaluara luan rol p\u00ebr aq sa nevojitet p\u00ebr ta rregulluar t\u00eb ardhmen. Procedura alternativ\u00eb e meditacion p\u00ebrpiqet t`i ik\u00eb t\u00eb s\u00eb kaluar\u00ebs, sepse ajo me gjas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe pengon shum\u00eb mund\u00ebsin p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur konsensusin mes pal\u00ebve.
\ndisa vler\u00ebsime p\u00ebr fund<\/strong>
\nDhe p\u00ebr fund duhet theksuar se, p\u00ebr ta ushtruar mediacioni (apo nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimi sipas p\u00ebrkthimit n\u00eb shqip) nevojitet njohja e procedur\u00ebs, pra aft\u00ebsimi profesional. Ligjv\u00ebn\u00ebsi ka miratuar nj\u00eb ligj p\u00ebr implementimin e t\u00eb cilit mungojn\u00eb kuadrot. P\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur sukses kjo procedur\u00eb p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e konflikteve dhe problemeve duhet t\u00eb shkollohen shtresat e ndryshme t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb, duke filluar nga gjykat\u00ebsit e deri te avokat\u00ebt, institucionet e ndryshme shkollore, vet\u00eb profesor\u00ebt, sociolog\u00ebt, psikolog\u00ebt e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt q\u00eb kan\u00eb interesim ta ushtrojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb veprimtari.
\n*Autori ofron sh\u00ebrbime n\u00eb mediation (nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsim n\u00eb konflikte) dhe coaching.
\nVizito faqen e internetit: www.mediation-beratungen.ch.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Disa vler\u00ebsime p\u00ebrkitazi me ligjin p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsim i Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs Shkruan : Zef Ahmeti [1] koncepti dhe konteksti i mediacionit N\u00eb literatur\u00ebn profesionale n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, dhe n\u00eb ligjin p\u00ebr mediacion t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs dhe Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, flitet p\u00ebr \u201cLigjin p\u00ebr Nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsim\u201d. Pra, fjala \u201cmediacion\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrkthyer n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn shqipe me fjal\u00ebn \u201cnd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsim\u201d. Ky p\u00ebrkthim n\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nMes tradit\u00ebs dhe modern\u00ebs - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/mes-tradites-dhe-modernes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mes tradit\u00ebs dhe modern\u00ebs - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Disa vler\u00ebsime p\u00ebrkitazi me ligjin p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsim i Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs Shkruan : Zef Ahmeti [1] koncepti dhe konteksti i mediacionit N\u00eb literatur\u00ebn profesionale n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, dhe n\u00eb ligjin p\u00ebr mediacion t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs dhe Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, flitet p\u00ebr \u201cLigjin p\u00ebr Nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsim\u201d. Pra, fjala \u201cmediacion\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrkthyer n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn shqipe me fjal\u00ebn \u201cnd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsim\u201d. 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