{"id":12757,"date":"2013-05-28T22:31:30","date_gmt":"2013-05-28T21:31:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=2696"},"modified":"2013-05-28T22:31:30","modified_gmt":"2013-05-28T21:31:30","slug":"si-eshte-manipuluar-historia-e-shqiptareve-nder-dekada","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/si-eshte-manipuluar-historia-e-shqiptareve-nder-dekada\/","title":{"rendered":"Si \u00ebsht\u00eb manipuluar historia e shqiptar\u00ebve nd\u00ebr dekada"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\" Prof. James Pettifer<\/strong> (Oxford University, 27.05.2013<\/em><\/p>\n

– Historia \u00ebsht\u00eb se si ne e shohim veten n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn. N\u00eb periudh\u00ebn post-komuniste n\u00eb tranzicion n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri dhe gjetiu n\u00eb Ballkan, ajo ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb tem\u00eb e diskutueshme dhe e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme jo m\u00eb pak se sa ajo ishte n\u00ebn komuniz\u00ebm, apo n\u00eb sistemet e m\u00ebparshme politike. Institucionet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare per\u00ebndimore, si Bashkimi Europian, kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb financime dhe jan\u00eb angazhuar p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb ka qen\u00eb konsideruar si ‘modernizim’ i historis\u00eb komuniste t\u00eb ‘rreme’ ose t\u00eb ‘shtremb\u00ebruar’i.<\/p>\n

Arsyeja pse un\u00eb i hyra k\u00ebtij studimi ishte se n\u00eb realitet \u00ebsht\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar nj\u00eb ndryshim shum\u00eb i kufizuar n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb shkrimit nd\u00ebrnacional t\u00eb historis\u00eb q\u00eb nga viti 1990, dhe se shum\u00eb shkrime historike post-komuniste shqiptare q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb n\u00eb kornizat intelektuale n\u00eb lidhje me identitetin komb\u00ebtar, kryesisht n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsi dhe arkeologji, q\u00eb u zhvilluan n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn komuniste. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, disa aspekte t\u00eb t\u00eb shkruarit pas viteve1990 kan\u00eb mish\u00ebruar n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm konceptimet mbar\u00ebshqiptare, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ‘ndreqjes’ s\u00eb historive t\u00eb Ballit Komb\u00ebtar n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb dhe ish-Maqedonin\u00eb jugosllave Per\u00ebndimore \/ Republika e Maqedonis\u00eb, t\u00eb ndrydhura nga sistemet arsimore titiste dhe enveriste. R\u00ebnd\u00ebsia e Ushtris\u00eb \u00c7lirimtare t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs n\u00eb arritjen e pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs n\u00eb vitin 2008 ka t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrforcoj\u00eb analiz\u00ebn e traditave partizane dhe jozyrtare ushtarake n\u00eb historiografin\u00eb shqiptare t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb t\u00eb sjellim nd\u00ebr mend se historia shqiptare politike, ekonomike dhe ushtarake gjithmon\u00eb ka qen\u00eb pak e njohur jasht\u00eb vendit, n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb mund t\u00eb thuhet se p\u00ebr periudha t\u00eb gjata v\u00ebshtir\u00eb se mund t\u00eb thuhet se kan\u00eb ekzistuar k\u00ebto njohuri. Studimet e huaja jan\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar gjithmon\u00eb n\u00eb historin\u00eb kulturore, gjuh\u00ebn dhe let\u00ebrsin\u00eb, nga p\u00ebrkthimet dhe tekstet letrare t\u00eb bot\u00ebs veneciane t\u00eb Buzaut dhe pasardh\u00ebsve t\u00eb tij ndaj hulumtimeve shkencore t\u00eb helenizmit austriak nga Johannes von Hahn n\u00eb shekullin XIXii. Lexuesit anglez\u00eb n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit XIX mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb m\u00ebsuar p\u00ebr Sk\u00ebnderbeun nga poezia e Henri Uadsuorth Longfellout (Henry Wadsworth Longfellow), ashtu si pes\u00ebdhjet\u00eb vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb Bajroni kish p\u00ebrcaktuar nj\u00eb imazh t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e tij. Nuk do t\u00eb kishte qen\u00eb e mundur p\u00ebr ta q\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, t\u00eb shkonin n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb librari n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr apo Nju Jork dhe t\u00eb blinin nj\u00eb histori t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, t\u00eb \u00e7do lloji, qoft\u00eb ky nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr i mir\u00eb apo i keq.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e k\u00ebsaj tradite kulturore, figura e Sk\u00ebnderbeut, ikona komb\u00ebtare e shekullit t\u00eb pes\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb ka qen\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb qendrore, duke mish\u00ebruar imazhin heroik t\u00eb rezistenc\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb spikatur popullore shqiptare kund\u00ebr pushtimit osman. Para tij n\u00eb goj\u00ebdh\u00ebna kishte vet\u00ebm shtypje, disfata, mister dhe pasiguri. K\u00ebta faktor\u00eb negativ\u00eb u rishfaq\u00ebn pas vdekjes s\u00eb tij, me vendosjen e qindra vjet\u00ebve t\u00eb sundimit osman. Pas Sk\u00ebnderbeut, shqiptar\u00ebt u ‘zhduk\u00ebn’ n\u00eb Perandorin\u00eb Osmane, p\u00ebr t’u rishfaqur n\u00eb tradit\u00ebn letrare angleze n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn romantike n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet Bajronit dhe p\u00ebrshkrimeve n\u00eb poezit\u00eb e tij n\u00eb oborrin e Ali Pash\u00eb Tepelen\u00ebs. N\u00eb Franc\u00eb, nj\u00eb autor si Puk\u00ebvili (Pouqueville) kreu t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin rol. Pas r\u00ebnies s\u00eb Ali Pash\u00ebs ndodhi nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr eklips i shkurt\u00ebr, dhe pastaj historia shqiptare ‘filloi p\u00ebrs\u00ebri’ t\u00eb flas\u00eb, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb perceptim, n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e Rilindjes t\u00eb mesit t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb n\u00ebnt\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrkon me rip\u00ebrt\u00ebritjen e ndjenjave komb\u00ebtare me formimin e Lidhjeve t\u00eb Prizrenit dhe t\u00eb Pej\u00ebs, pas vitit 1878. Kongresi i Berlinit pa mb\u00ebrritjen e \u00e7\u00ebshtjes shqiptare n\u00eb stadin diplomatik europian. Nj\u00eb brez pas saj erdhi shfaqja e ngadalt\u00eb dhe e pasigurt e shtetit t\u00eb ri komb\u00ebtar shqiptar pas r\u00ebnies s\u00eb sistemit otoman iii.<\/p>\n

Pas pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1912 dhe d\u00ebshtimit t\u00eb aspirat\u00ebse p\u00ebr bashkimin komb\u00ebtar t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve n\u00eb konferencat e mbajtura para Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, historia shqiptare u p\u00ebrfshi n\u00eb kriz\u00ebn rajonale q\u00eb gllab\u00ebroi Ballkanin gjat\u00eb dhe pas konfliktit bot\u00ebror. Mbijetesa e kombit ishte problematike dhe pa angazhimin e Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara p\u00ebr nj\u00eb shtet t\u00eb pavarur shqiptar n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e negociatave t\u00eb Traktatit t\u00eb Versaj\u00ebs, kishte t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb q\u00eb ky territor t\u00eb ishte ndar\u00eb midis Greqis\u00eb dhe Serbis\u00eb. Historia e periudh\u00ebs midis luftrave \u00ebsht\u00eb e njohur mir\u00eb, me monarkin\u00eb e brisht\u00eb zogiste q\u00eb po g\u00eblltitej nga Italia fashiste e Musolinit n\u00eb vitet 1930.iv \u00c7far\u00ebdo interpretimesh q\u00eb jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebr at\u00eb periudh\u00eb, n\u00eb kuptimin e atmosfer\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb historiografis\u00eb, duhet th\u00ebn\u00eb se imazhet heroike ishin t\u00eb pakta. Vet\u00ebm n\u00eb historin\u00eb e Kosov\u00ebs kan\u00eb zen\u00eb vend episode t\u00eb tilla dhe k\u00ebtu flitet p\u00ebr martirizimin, me figura t\u00eb tilla si Bajram Curri dhe Hasan Prishtina, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt luftuan p\u00ebr nacionalizmin shqiptar parimor, duke humbur jet\u00ebn e tyre n\u00eb rrethana posht\u00ebruese dhe t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira.<\/p>\n

Por me Luft\u00ebn e Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, pushtimi nga forcat e Boshtit i Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb dhe Kosov\u00ebs siguruan nj\u00eb terren ku diskutimi tradicional i rezistenc\u00ebs heroike ndaj pushtimit komb\u00ebtar mund t\u00eb rifillonte. Ushtria komuniste partizane u p\u00ebrshtat me sukses ndaj instinkteve natyrore t\u00eb pjes\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve kund\u00ebr forcave t\u00eb Boshtit, duke zhdukur forcat e tjera t\u00eb rezistenc\u00ebs, dhe b\u00ebri nj\u00eb rezistenc\u00eb t\u00eb shquar ushtarake n\u00eb vitet 1943-1944 p\u00ebr \u00e7lirimin e kombit. Duke vepruar k\u00ebshtu, natyrsh\u00ebm kryen edhe nj\u00eb luft\u00eb civile kund\u00ebr nacionalist\u00ebve jo komunist\u00eb t\u00eb bazuar kryesisht n\u00eb veri t\u00eb vendit, disa nga t\u00eb cil\u00ebt, si familja Kryeziu kishin qen\u00eb patriot\u00eb dhe q\u00eb nuk kishin bashk\u00ebpunuar me forcat e Boshtit.<\/p>\n

Ushtari partizan si individ u b\u00eb hero universal, nd\u00ebrsa nga ana tjet\u00ebr vet\u00eb Partia Komuniste p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsoi heroiken, pasqyrimin e nj\u00eb kombi t\u00eb vog\u00ebl dhe t\u00eb shtypur q\u00eb gjeti s\u00ebrish forc\u00ebn, p\u00ebr t\u00eb luftuar kund\u00ebr pengesave t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb forcave t\u00eb huaja, dhe p\u00ebr t’i kap\u00ebrcyer ato. Por nd\u00ebrsa partizan\u00ebt padyshim q\u00eb dominuan forcat e rezistenc\u00ebs n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, dhe triumfuan, n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb dhe \u00c7am\u00ebri dhe n\u00eb trevat me shumic\u00eb shqiptare n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb u b\u00eb Republika Socialiste e Maqedonis\u00eb n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb Jugosllavis\u00eb s\u00eb dyt\u00eb, historit\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebto vende t\u00eb ndryshme ishin shum\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme. N\u00eb \u00c7am\u00ebri \/ Threspoti n\u00eb Greqin\u00eb veri-per\u00ebndimore popullsia e mbetur shqipfol\u00ebse u d\u00ebbua ose u vra n\u00eb vitin 1944 mbi baz\u00ebn e bashk\u00ebpunimit t\u00eb pretenduar me forcat e Boshtit nga milicia e djatht\u00eb e Napoleon Zerv\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb dhe n\u00eb Maqedonin\u00eb Per\u00ebndimore vet\u00ebm shum\u00eb pak shqiptar\u00eb etnik\u00eb kishin qen\u00eb aktiv\u00eb me partizan\u00ebt titist\u00eb. Shumica kishin qen\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur me l\u00ebvizjen nacionaliste t\u00eb pavarur t\u00eb Ballit Komb\u00ebtar e cila u mund dhe u arratis. Kishet partizan\u00eb \u00e7am\u00eb, si\u00e7 thekson Enver Hoxha n\u00eb librin e tij mbi marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet shqiptaro-greke “Dy popuj miq”, por ata ishin t\u00eb pakt\u00eb n\u00eb num\u00ebr dhe n\u00eb situat\u00ebn kaotike ushtarake n\u00eb Epir nd\u00ebrsa fuqia e Boshtit mori fund, \u00e7am\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb luftuan n\u00eb ushtrin\u00eb e rezistenc\u00ebs komuniste ELAS dhe disa me Ushtrin\u00eb Komuniste Demokratike n\u00eb fazat e m\u00ebvonshme t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs Civile greke. Numri i vog\u00ebl i luft\u00ebtar\u00ebve partizan\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, m\u00eb i shquari nd\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebt, Fadil Hoxha u b\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb udh\u00ebheq\u00ebs i Lidhjes s\u00eb Komunist\u00ebve n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, kishte p\u00ebr t\u00eb kap\u00ebrcyer trash\u00ebgimin\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarrjes shqiptare n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb n\u00eb Divizionin SS nazist ‘Sk\u00ebnderbeg’, i cili ishte p\u00ebrdorur kund\u00ebr partizan\u00ebve malazez\u00eb n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e fundit t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. N\u00eb Kosov\u00eb lideri m\u00eb i aft\u00eb ushtarak i partizan\u00ebve shqiptar\u00eb etnik\u00eb, Kolonel Qemal Brovina u radhit n\u00eb vitin 1948 me ata q\u00eb ishin n\u00eb favor t\u00eb linj\u00ebs ruse dhe ai u arrestua nga policia sekrete e Titos dhe u burgos n\u00eb kampin e pun\u00ebs Goli Otok n\u00eb Adriatik.v<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1945, komunist\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb trash\u00ebguan k\u00ebt\u00eb histori t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb.vi Kjo ishte nj\u00eb histori e pranis\u00eb kulturore dhe letrare n\u00eb Per\u00ebndim, si dhe nj\u00eb prani antropologjike e hulumtimeve t\u00eb udh\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm si Mary Edith Durham, ashtu si historia mbizot\u00ebruese e Serbis\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00ebn anglisht-fol\u00ebse ishte (dhe mbetet) ushtarake, ‘roje te porta’ si\u00e7 tregon titulli i librit t\u00eb midis luft\u00ebrave t\u00eb R.G. Laffan.vii Ajo kishte qen\u00eb paraprir\u00eb nga vepra t\u00eb shumta, pak a shum\u00eb libra propagandistik\u00eb mbi marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet britaniko-serbe n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. Nj\u00eb titull dometh\u00ebn\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb ai “Serbia – Parajsa e t\u00eb varf\u00ebrit” i Herbert Vivian.viii V\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb e periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb Zogut dhe r\u00ebnia e kombit n\u00ebn shtypjen e Italis\u00eb fashiste t\u00eb Musolinit i shtuan v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb p\u00ebr historian\u00ebt. Kishte pak histori t\u00eb ‘mir\u00eb’ p\u00ebr t’u rr\u00ebfyer n\u00eb shekullin e nj\u00ebzet\u00eb pas Shpalljes s\u00eb Pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb Vlor\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1912. N\u00eb kuptimin e ndarjes me periudha, kemi nj\u00eb shekull t\u00eb n\u00ebnt\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb t\u00eb shtrir\u00eb dhe shum\u00eb ‘t\u00eb gjat\u00eb’ n\u00eb historin\u00eb shqiptare, duke filluar nga rreth 1810-a dhe p\u00ebrhapja e njohjes s\u00eb Ali Pash\u00ebs, deri n\u00eb shpalljen e pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb Vlor\u00eb, e cila u fitua vet\u00ebm n\u00eb shekullin e nj\u00ebzet\u00eb m\u00eb 1912. P\u00ebr studiuesit britanik\u00eb t\u00eb fokusuar mbi origjin\u00ebn dhe zhvillimin e idealit komb\u00ebtar jugosllav, periudha e ringjalljes komb\u00ebtare shqiptare, Rilindja dhe Pavar\u00ebsia, nuk dha nj\u00eb figur\u00eb t\u00eb vetme heroike t\u00eb ‘babait themelues’ p\u00ebr t’u krahasuar me Vuk Karaxhi\u00e7in n\u00eb historin\u00eb kulturore serbe. Heronjt\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs ishin luft\u00ebtar\u00eb, aktivist\u00eb, si Isa Boletini dhe Hasan Prishtina, sikurse kishte qen\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb edhe Sk\u00ebnderbeu. Shkrimet e historianit t\u00eb madh prusian Leopold von Ranke krijoi nj\u00eb model t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm t\u00eb perceptimeve n\u00eb bot\u00ebn gjermanike, ku studimi i tij p\u00ebr shfaqejn serbe dhe malazeze nga bot\u00ebt otomane dhe veneciane n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 18-t\u00eb, krijuan kredencialet ‘heroike’ t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre komb\u00ebsive si faktor\u00eb kryesor\u00eb n\u00eb Ballkanin pas Napoleonit.ix<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitet e pas Traktatit t\u00eb Versaj\u00ebs dhe marrjes s\u00eb pushtetit nga Ahmet Zogu (i cili m\u00eb von\u00eb u b\u00eb Mbret), pak shkrime t\u00eb konsiderueshme historike u prodhuan n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri. Tradita historike ishte ende kryesisht gojore, kjo ndodhte m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti edhe ne Jugosllavin\u00eb e sapo-krijuar. Ishte koha e vepr\u00ebs me krijime t\u00eb zgjedhura t\u00eb folklorit epik t\u00eb Lordit Albert, Milman Parry-i e t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb veprat epike i tejkalonin kufijt\u00eb kufijt\u00eb bashk\u00ebkohor\u00eb t\u00eb kombit, sikurse tregon p\u00ebrzgjedhja e Parry-t p\u00ebr kufijt\u00eb aktual\u00eb shqiptaro-mal\u00ebzez\u00eb dhe serb\u00eb. K\u00ebto krijime epike ishin n\u00eb nj\u00eb kuptim real, historia e etnosit n\u00eb k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimin Rankeian. Shtys\u00eb themelore e qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb re komuniste pas vitit 1945 ishte p\u00ebr ta v\u00ebn\u00eb historin\u00eb, ashtu si dhe pjes\u00ebt e tjera t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb, n\u00eb baza “shkencore”. Kjo b\u00ebhej p\u00ebr t\u00eb kombinuar me fushatat kund\u00ebr analfabetizmit masiv – para vitit 1939 vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e vog\u00ebl e popullsis\u00eb mund t\u00eb lexonin dhe shkruanin, nd\u00ebrsa arsimi i mes\u00ebm dhe i lart\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb imagjinoheshin jasht\u00eb disa qyteteve m\u00eb t\u00eb zhvilluara si Kor\u00e7a dhe Shkodra, madje n\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb mase edhe n\u00eb kryeqytetin Tiran\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb zonat rurale dhe malore, analfabetizmi ishte thuajse masiv. Kjo fushat\u00eb kund\u00ebr analfabetizmit b\u00ebri q\u00eb t\u00eb dukeshin disa p\u00ebrparime t\u00eb ndjeshme drejt modernitetit n\u00eb disa fusha. N\u00eb zhvillimin e arsimit t\u00eb lart\u00eb, pas vitit 1955, n\u00eb disiplin\u00ebn kryesore t\u00eb historis\u00eb s\u00eb lasht\u00eb t\u00eb arkeologjis\u00eb ishin sh\u00ebnuar p\u00ebrparime. Ata u ngrit\u00ebn mbi p\u00ebrpjekjet e paraluft\u00ebs t\u00eb arkeolog\u00ebve t\u00eb huaj si Ugolini n\u00eb Butrint dhe Leon Rey n\u00eb Apolloni, t\u00eb cilat u mor\u00ebn p\u00ebrsip\u00ebr nga nj\u00eb brez i ri i studiuesish vendas, si Hasan Ceka. Ky hulumtim u p\u00ebrqendrua n\u00eb objektivin e p\u00ebrforcimit t\u00eb origjin\u00ebs ilire t\u00eb popullit shqiptar, si dhe t\u00eb filles\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre.x Pra, n\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00ebnyra, kjo sh\u00ebnoi sjelljen e \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve bashk\u00ebkohore komb\u00ebtare n\u00eb tradit\u00ebn intelektuale shqiptare. Puna ndoshta mund t\u00eb krahasohet me vendosjen e gur\u00ebve t\u00eb themelit p\u00ebr nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb t\u00eb madhe, q\u00eb kishte t\u00eb b\u00ebnte me nd\u00ebrtimin e nj\u00eb historie n\u00eb vazhdim\u00ebsi t\u00eb aktivitetit dhe arritjeve shqiptare. Ilir\u00ebt ishin kooptuar n\u00eb ‘idealin heroik’ t\u00eb komunizmit n\u00eb t\u00eb tashmen shqiptare, me gjith\u00eb implikimet e zakonshme t\u00eb nj\u00eb etnosi q\u00eb luftonte kolonizimin e jasht\u00ebm nga Greqia dhe Roma. Por sigurisht, dihet pak p\u00ebr shum\u00eb aspekte t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb ilire, pasi ata fare pak gj\u00ebra t\u00eb shkruara kan\u00eb l\u00ebn\u00eb pas. K\u00ebshtu ata kan\u00eb kontribuar ndjesh\u00ebm n\u00eb b\u00ebrjen heroike, por pjes\u00ebrisht mitike – t\u00eb imazhit t\u00eb s\u00eb kaluar\u00ebs shqiptare, nd\u00ebrsa disa figura t\u00eb shquara t\u00eb bot\u00ebs klasike dhe at\u00eb para-klasike, si mbreti Pirro i Epirit, ishin quajtur proto-shqiptar\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Pirro \u00ebsht\u00eb simbolikisht i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, pasi e kaluara e tij ishte e lidhur me rezistenc\u00ebn ndaj pushtimit t\u00eb huaj dhe mbrojtjen e territorit t\u00eb vendit, nj\u00eb tem\u00eb kryesore politike kjo p\u00ebr komunist\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb sundimit t\u00eb tyre nga viti 1945 deri n\u00eb 1990. Regjimi komunist mund t\u00eb thuhet se ka pasur disa suksese t\u00eb v\u00ebrteta n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim, nd\u00ebrsa arsimi shqiptar deri n\u00eb dit\u00ebt e sotme i ka pranuar k\u00ebto ‘zbulime’, si pjes\u00eb e urt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb pranuar komb\u00ebtare dhe q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht e pakund\u00ebrshtueshme. Rr\u00ebfimi i komunist\u00ebve ka vazhduar t\u00eb mbetet nj\u00eb rr\u00ebfim komb\u00ebtar edhe gjat\u00eb viteve t\u00eb gjata t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb djatht\u00eb t\u00eb Dr. Sali Berish\u00ebs n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn post-komuniste. \u00cbsht\u00eb ndoshta dometh\u00ebn\u00ebse se statuja e madhe e Partizanit heroik q\u00eb simbolizon \u00e7lirimin e qytetit ka mbijetuar n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb Tiran\u00ebs gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb Berish\u00ebs, pa shqet\u00ebsim, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb pothuajse t\u00eb gjitha monumentet e krijuara gjithandej n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e Partis\u00eb s\u00eb Pun\u00ebs jan\u00eb shkat\u00ebrruar, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe t\u00eb gjitha statujat e vet\u00eb Enver Hoxh\u00ebs. Partizan\u00ebt me imazhin e tyre heroik vendor kan\u00eb mbetur t\u00eb ngulitur n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ndershme n\u00eb shkrimet historike si dhe n\u00eb artin publik historik dhe praktik\u00ebn ikonografike. Polemikat e forta mbi p\u00ebrpjekjet e qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb par\u00eb Berisha nd\u00ebrmjet viteve 1992 dhe 1996 p\u00ebr t\u00eb modernizuar mozaikun n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn ballore t\u00eb Muzeut Komb\u00ebtar n\u00eb Tiran\u00eb kushtuar Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore e ilustrojn\u00eb m\u00eb s\u00eb miri k\u00ebt\u00eb situat\u00eb. Kjo sigurisht nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb p\u00ebr periudha t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb historis\u00eb komb\u00ebtare, si\u00e7 demonstrohet me nj\u00eb pamje n\u00ebn\u00e7muese nga autori i shquar Ismail Kadare p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb periudh\u00ebn osmane t\u00eb historis\u00eb shqiptare. Kur n\u00eb vitin 1996 qeveria turke pagoi p\u00ebr ngritjen e nj\u00eb statuje n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb Tiran\u00ebs, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb Pasha t\u00eb shquar q\u00eb kishte kontribuar n\u00eb themelimin e qytetit osman, k\u00ebshilli i qytetit u kritikua gjer\u00ebsisht pse e lejoi at\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Kosov\u00eb dhe n\u00eb ish-Republik\u00ebn Jugosllave t\u00eb Maqedonis\u00eb situata me shkrimet historike ka qen\u00eb mjaft e ndryshme. N\u00eb k\u00ebto hap\u00ebsira q\u00eb nga viti 1990, historia e periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore ka ndryshuar t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb qytet t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm si Tetova, ekziston vet\u00ebm ai rr\u00ebfim q\u00eb mund t\u00eb quhet ‘ballist’ dhe n\u00eb m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebnie n\u00ebp\u00ebr shkolla dhe n\u00eb tekstet e reja, si dhe n\u00eb studimet vendore t\u00eb b\u00ebra koh\u00ebt e fundit nga historian\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb t\u00eb Maqedonis\u00eb, pothuajse pa p\u00ebrjashtim mish\u00ebrojn\u00eb tregimin ballist. N\u00eb Gostivar dhe n\u00eb treva t\u00eb tjera per\u00ebndimore t\u00eb FYROM-it\/Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Maqedonis\u00eb statujat partizane jan\u00eb dhunuar dhe shkat\u00ebrruar shpesh gjer\u00ebsisht. Tradita partizane k\u00ebtu, ashtu si n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, \u00ebsht\u00eb par\u00eb nga shqiptar\u00ebt si ‘sllavokomuniste’, ku raca, etnia dhe nj\u00eb opinion marksist jan\u00eb shkrir\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb. N\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e k\u00ebtij termi, nacionalist\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb mbi t\u00eb Djatht\u00ebn politike duken t\u00eb pavet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm pasi ata jan\u00eb duke p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb term q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shpikur n\u00eb Greqin\u00eb nacional-shoviniste t\u00eb Metaxas\u00eb; transferimi i kuptimit nga zbulimet arkeologjike rreth Iliris\u00eb s\u00eb lasht\u00eb te shkrimet historike ka qen\u00eb i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb praktik\u00ebs komuniste ishte k\u00ebrkimi p\u00ebr histori t\u00eb ‘mir\u00eb’ komb\u00ebtare, si\u00e7 tregohet m\u00eb lart. ‘Mir\u00eb’ dometh\u00ebn\u00eb ‘heroike’. Historia e lasht\u00eb ishin transformuar nga arkeolog\u00ebt nga ‘keq’ – imperializmi i lasht\u00eb grek dhe pushtimi romak – n\u00eb ‘mir\u00eb’ ku kishte tani nj\u00eb shfaqje t\u00eb bot\u00ebs indigjene ‘ilire’ – edhe pse lidhja e sakt\u00eb me shqiptar\u00ebt moderne \u00ebsht\u00eb e mezidukshme p\u00ebr disa. Por antikiteti i von\u00eb dhe periudha mesjetare ishin shpesh t\u00eb panjohura, me vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrcaktimin e nj\u00eb populli shqiptar n\u00eb nj\u00ebfar\u00eb m\u00ebnyre. Periudha e Sk\u00ebnderbeut u pasua nga e ashtuquajtura ‘zgjedha osmane’. Arkeologjia shkencore ishte ndoshta trash\u00ebgimia m\u00eb e q\u00ebndrueshme e periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb hershme komuniste. Ajo ndryshoi ekuilibrin e gjith\u00eb rr\u00ebfimit, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb provuar bota klasike n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, ku lavdia greke dhe romake n\u00eb nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr si Butrinti \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar n\u00eb fakt fizikisht mbi muret e lashta ilire. Kjo i kujtonte Enver Hoxh\u00ebs dhe bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtor\u00ebve t\u00eb tij se Shqip\u00ebria ishte e rrethuar nga fqinj\u00eb armiq\u00ebsor\u00eb, sidomos Greqia, e cila shpesh k\u00ebrkon t\u00eb denigroj\u00eb trash\u00ebgimin\u00eb e lasht\u00eb ilire dhe kjo ishte dhe ende \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me disa mendje ekstremiste greke p\u00ebr ambiciet irredentiste p\u00ebr t\u00eb aneksuar pjes\u00eb t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb jugore. N\u00ebse e kaluara e lasht\u00eb ishte edhe ilire, si edhe greke dhe romake, Shqip\u00ebria ishte m\u00eb e sigurt si nj\u00eb shtet. K\u00ebshtu, kur historia nacionaliste e kombeve t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb Ballkanit si Kroacia ishte ngritur gjithashtu mbi ‘Ilirianizmin’, diku tjet\u00ebr ai ishte pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb narrative t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb n\u00ebnt\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb, q\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb u modifikua ndjesh\u00ebm dhe aspektet ilire ose u zbeh\u00ebn, ose u braktis\u00ebn krejt\u00ebsisht nga periudha e Traktatit t\u00eb Versaj\u00ebs, n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri nuk ishte nd\u00ebrtuar ashtu si\u00e7 duhej mbi baza racionale deri pas vitit 1945. Nd\u00ebrsa arkeologjia, ndryshe nga gjuh\u00ebsia, \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu nj\u00eb tem\u00eb gjer\u00ebsisht popullore studimi nga akademit\u00eb dhe universitetet e huaja, nd\u00ebrsa lidhjet me diskutimet popullore mbi nd\u00ebrtimin e identitetit komb\u00ebtar n\u00eb rrug\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsore nuk jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb. Ka me qindra programe n\u00eb televizionet europiane dhe amerikane \u00e7do vit t\u00eb frym\u00ebzuara nga zbulimet arkeologjike, por pak ose asnj\u00eb nuk ka q\u00eb t\u00eb lidhet me shkencat gjuh\u00ebsore.<\/p>\n

Si u kap\u00ebrcyen k\u00ebto boshll\u00ebqe dhe pengesa? Historia q\u00eb jepej n\u00eb shkolla dhe tekstet m\u00ebsimore ishin nj\u00eb problem par\u00ebsor. N\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb universiteti funksional n\u00eb Tiran\u00eb p\u00ebr disa vjet pas 1945-s, \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebnies s\u00eb historis\u00eb n\u00eb arsimin e lart\u00eb ishte urgjente. Pas shk\u00ebputjes me Titon n\u00eb vitin 1948, imazhet pozitive t\u00eb jugosllavizmit, n\u00eb kuptimin m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, u hoq\u00ebn nga programet m\u00ebsimore. Gjithsesi, nj\u00eb dimension ‘grek’, ishte ruajtur. Zbulimet arkeologjike tregonin se ishte e pamundur t\u00eb lije pas dore rolin e kolonizimit klasik grek n\u00eb sjelljen e urbanizmit dhe ‘qytet\u00ebrimit’ n\u00eb trevat jugore shqiptare. Por ndoshta m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm ishte roli i shqiptar\u00ebve n\u00eb Luft\u00ebn greke t\u00eb Pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb. Kjo prodhoi imazhe heroike p\u00ebr t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb e pjes\u00ebmarrjes shqiptare (udh\u00ebheqja shqiptare n\u00eb disa vende, si n\u00eb ishujt Hidra dhe Spetses, ose pjes\u00eb t\u00eb Epirit jugor) n\u00eb luft\u00ebn p\u00ebr pavar\u00ebsin\u00eb greke si edhe n\u00eb luft\u00ebn e gjat\u00eb anti-osmane. Imazhet ishin gjithashtu tradicionalisht t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme si, fjala vjen, p\u00ebr luft\u00ebn e burrave (apo grave, si\u00e7 ishte rasti i Bubulin\u00ebs, heroin\u00eb detare arvanitase n\u00eb ishullin e Spetses n\u00eb Gjirin e Saronikut) q\u00eb me arm\u00eb n\u00eb dor\u00eb luftuan kund\u00ebr nj\u00eb okupatori t\u00eb huaj. P\u00ebr Hoxh\u00ebn dhe komunist\u00ebt kjo ishte nj\u00eb histori shum\u00eb e dobishme. Heroikja kishte hyr\u00eb n\u00eb tregimin modern nacionalist. Megjithat\u00eb, edhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb ka pasur v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi. Figura e tmerrshme e Ali Pash\u00ebs paraqet probleme p\u00ebr historiografin\u00eb shqiptare. Ai ishte padyshim ‘shqiptar’ n\u00eb kultur\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme, por ai ishte gjithashtu nj\u00eb epirot q\u00eb fliste mir\u00eb greqisht dhe ishte nj\u00eb tiran autoritar dhe shtyp\u00ebs i popullit. Edhe n\u00eb vitet 1990 ishte e mundur t\u00eb shihje vendbanimet e braktisura n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb jugore q\u00eb kurr\u00eb nuk qen\u00eb rind\u00ebrtuar pas luft\u00ebrave midis bejler\u00ebve n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e sundimit t\u00eb tij dhe zhvillimet e m\u00ebvonshme kaotike.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb pedagogjin\u00eb hoxhiste u p\u00ebrshtat nj\u00eb metod\u00eb shum\u00eb autoritare, nga ‘lart posht\u00eb’ e ‘ndri\u00e7mit’ komb\u00ebtar. Nj\u00eb format me ‘pyetje dhe p\u00ebrgjigje’ ishte miratuar n\u00eb m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebnien e historis\u00eb n\u00eb shkolla, t\u00eb cilat nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit i m\u00ebsonin p\u00ebrmendsh. Kishte p\u00ebrgjigje ‘e drejt\u00eb’ dhe ‘gabim’ n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha problemet historike, nd\u00ebrsa nuk ishte inkurajuar debati i bazuar n\u00eb d\u00ebshmi. Debati n\u00eb arsimin e lart\u00eb ishte gjithashtu i rrall\u00eb, edhe n\u00eb Universitetin e Tiran\u00ebs, pasi ai u krijua, nd\u00ebrsa hulumtimet objektive historike, p\u00ebrve\u00e7se n\u00eb arkeologji, nuk ekzistonin. P\u00ebrgjigjet ishin shpesh t\u00eb kufizuara sa dhe pyetjet, nd\u00ebrsa disa aspekte t\u00eb teksteve shkollore t\u00eb historis\u00eb n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb periudh\u00ebs komuniste kan\u00eb nj\u00eb cil\u00ebsi fetare q\u00eb mund t\u00eb shihet m\u00eb shum\u00eb si nj\u00eb kund\u00ebrmim i m\u00ebsimit fetar se sa m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebnie normale e historis\u00eb. Kjo, sigurisht, mund t\u00eb v\u00ebrehet se nuk ishte e re n\u00eb kultur\u00ebn shqiptare, apo nj\u00eb produkt i prioriteteve marksiste-leniniste apo politik\u00ebs enveriste. Th\u00ebnia e famshme e nacionalist\u00ebve t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb n\u00ebnt\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb se ‘Feja e shqiptarit \u00ebsht\u00eb Shqiptaria’ e p\u00ebrmbledh k\u00ebt\u00eb mjesht\u00ebrisht. T\u00eb kuptuarit e studimit historik \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebshtu n\u00eb nj\u00ebfar\u00eb kuptimi hegelian, me shpalosjen e nj\u00eb shpirti komb\u00ebtar shqiptar, i cili ka ngjyrime t\u00eb ndryshme fetare. Arkeologjia u b\u00eb teologjia praktike e historis\u00eb komb\u00ebtare. Me gjuh\u00ebsin\u00eb, ishte vendimtar krijimi shkenc\u00ebrisht i themeleve ilire t\u00eb tablos\u00eb komb\u00ebtare.<\/p>\n

Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu nj\u00eb perspektiv\u00eb thell\u00ebsisht elitiste, sepse fryma komb\u00ebtare mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb zemr\u00ebn e t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve, por jo edhe n\u00eb aft\u00ebsit\u00eb e tyre intelektuale. Nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsit e arsimuar ishin t\u00eb domosdosh\u00ebm. Para vitit 1945 ata thuajse nuk ekzistonin. N\u00eb periudh\u00ebn zogiste, edukimi shkollor kishte qen\u00eb i kufizuar p\u00ebr elit\u00ebn vog\u00ebl urbane, kryesisht n\u00eb Tiran\u00eb, Shkod\u00ebr, Kor\u00e7\u00eb dhe Elbasan. N\u00ebn regjimin e Hoxh\u00ebs, u nd\u00ebrmor nj\u00eb fushat\u00eb masive arsimimi e p\u00ebrhapur n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb vendin, duke ndjekur n\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00ebnyra at\u00eb q\u00eb kish ndodhur n\u00eb Rusi pas revolucionit bolshevik, apo n\u00eb Kin\u00eb pas vitit 1949. N\u00eb aspektin e t\u00eb kuptuarit popullor t\u00eb historis\u00eb, tradita gojore mbeti shum\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, si kudo n\u00eb Ballkan, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e vegj\u00ebl n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb m\u00ebsonin se si t\u00eb shkruanin fjal\u00ebt e k\u00ebng\u00ebve q\u00eb kishin m\u00ebsuar tashm\u00eb n\u00eb preh\u00ebrin e gjysheve t\u00eb tyre. Nj\u00eb rr\u00ebfim i unifikuar dhe i zhvilluar i historis\u00eb kulturore dhe gjuh\u00ebsore ishte nj\u00eb thirrje m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrforcuar nd\u00ebrgjegjen komb\u00ebtare dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbuluar problemet e t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebs politike dhe ushtarake. Por sigurisht kjo tradit\u00eb gojore ishte ajo e ‘shqiptar\u00ebve’, jo e ‘Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb’ s\u00eb pas vitit 1912 . Partia e Pun\u00ebs e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb u b\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsja q\u00eb interpretoi frym\u00ebn historike komb\u00ebtare pas vitit 1945, dhe q\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb duronte dot kund\u00ebrshtime p\u00ebr interpretimet q\u00eb b\u00ebnte, por mbijetesa e tradit\u00ebs s\u00eb madhe historike gojore do t\u00eb zbuste kuptimin e rolit t\u00eb tyre, p\u00ebr, fjala vjen, figura t\u00eb tilla si Sk\u00ebnderbeu dhe Isa Boletini q\u00eb ishin heronj t\u00eb gjith\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve, sikurse tregon statuja madh\u00ebshtore e k\u00ebtij t\u00eb fundit, q\u00eb u ngrit n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn komuniste n\u00eb qytetin p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht anti-komunist verior t\u00eb Shkodr\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu mendimi i intelektual\u00ebve komunist\u00eb pas vitit 1945 n\u00eb shum\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje historike dhe kulturore ishte i padalluesh\u00ebm nga ai i shumic\u00ebs s\u00eb njer\u00ebzve, ndon\u00ebse shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz nuk e p\u00eblqyen instalimin e komunizmit. Kjo mund t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb shpjeguar se at\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb shprehur shum\u00eb v\u00ebzhgues t\u00eb huaj p\u00ebr mbijetes\u00ebn e diktatur\u00ebs Hoxha m\u00eb shum\u00eb se sa pritej, n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e kriz\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb regjimeve komuniste t\u00eb Europ\u00ebs Lindore n\u00eb vitet 1980, q\u00eb kulmoi me r\u00ebnien dramatike t\u00eb viteve 1989-1990. Ajo gjithashtu ndihmon p\u00ebr t\u00eb shpjeguar v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb q\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb ende n\u00eb historiografin\u00eb komb\u00ebtare. Komunist\u00ebt nuk kishin asnj\u00eb problem me historin\u00eb kulturore; n\u00eb fakt ata e kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur at\u00eb me zgjuar\u00ebsi p\u00ebr q\u00ebllimet e tyre. Ajo u plot\u00ebsua shpejt nga historia ushtarake e cila pas viteve 1950 shpejt u b\u00eb shum\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Kjo gjithashu reflektoi nj\u00eb ngushtim t\u00eb pik\u00ebpamjeve, nj\u00eb refuzim t\u00eb mbar\u00ebshqiptarizmit n\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizimin e \u00e7\u00ebshtjes komb\u00ebtare. P\u00ebr Partin\u00eb e Pun\u00ebs, historia ushtarake, thuajse ekskluzivisht ajo e partizan\u00ebve n\u00eb Luft\u00ebn e Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore ngushtoi fokusin mbi Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrjashtoi p\u00ebrfundimisht Kosov\u00ebn dhe shqiptar\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb fqinj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb n\u00eb botimet e m\u00ebvonshme t\u00eb historis\u00eb zyrtare t\u00eb Partis\u00eb s\u00eb Pun\u00ebs s\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrmendej Kosova. Historia e shqiptar\u00ebve n\u00eb Ballkan n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi u ngushtua dhe u zhvendos n\u00eb historin\u00eb e vet\u00ebm Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb. Rr\u00ebfimi ishte dominuar gjithmon\u00eb nga luft\u00ebrat vendore dhe rezistenca ndaj sundimit t\u00eb huaj, sidomos atij osman, natyrisht. Rezistenca komuniste partizane ndaj pushtimit t\u00eb Boshtit n\u00eb Luft\u00ebn e Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore ishte par\u00eb si trash\u00ebgimtarja e vetme legjitime e k\u00ebsaj tradite. Megjithat\u00eb, ajo nuk mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsim p\u00ebr nj\u00eb histori koherente komb\u00ebtare q\u00eb mbulon periudhat shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb hershme dhe, mbi t\u00eb gjitha, p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebn historike t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve gjat\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb nj\u00ebzet\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt deri n\u00eb Luft\u00ebrat Ballkanike (1912-1913) kishin jetuar s\u00eb bashku n\u00eb sistemin osman pa ndarje nga kufijt\u00eb e rinj shtet\u00ebror\u00eb. N\u00eb tekstet komuniste, ka pasur shum\u00eb, shum\u00eb mang\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb ishte l\u00ebn\u00eb jasht\u00eb q\u00ebllimisht, si periudha me disa nga aspektet jo ‘heroike’? Kjo ishte nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb madhore. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb periudha e antikitetit t\u00eb von\u00eb dhe Bizantit. Hoxha dhe bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtor\u00ebt e tij ndiheshin komod\u00eb me bot\u00ebn arkaike dhe antikitetin klasik, si\u00e7 u tregua m\u00eb lart, nd\u00ebrsa origjina ‘ilire’ e disa perandor\u00ebve t\u00eb von\u00eb romak\u00eb ishte gjithashtu e dobishme. Por pastaj dol\u00ebn v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb. Bizanti ishte nj\u00eb entitet i pak\u00ebndsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr nacionalist\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb dhe intelektual\u00ebt marksist\u00eb. Kjo ishte nj\u00eb perandori transnacionale me greqishten si gjuh\u00eb e saj kryesore, kristianizmi ortodoks jo vet\u00ebm ishte fe kryesore, por edhe q\u00eb mish\u00ebronte n\u00eb thelbin e vet strukturat shtet\u00ebrore si dhe aparatin ideologjik t\u00eb shtetit. N\u00eb Bizant, pasardh\u00ebsit e ilir\u00ebve n\u00eb antikitetin e von\u00eb dhe n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e hershme mesjetare, proto-shqiptar\u00ebt, jan\u00eb praktikisht t\u00eb paduksh\u00ebm. Njohurit\u00eb moderne bizantine q\u00eb shpesh theksojn\u00eb kontradiktat dhe diversitetin brenda Bizantit dhe m\u00eb pak p\u00ebrqendrohen n\u00eb rolin e gjuh\u00ebs greke nuk jan\u00eb ende evidente. Edhe pse fjala “shqiptar” shfaqet p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb kronik\u00eb bizantine, ne dim\u00eb pak p\u00ebr k\u00ebta njer\u00ebz t\u00eb cil\u00ebt me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb ishin. Vepra prej dijetari e Alain Ducellier n\u00eb Franc\u00eb dhe historian\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00eb n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri e kan\u00eb ndryshuar tani k\u00ebt\u00eb, por zbulimet e tij nuk ishin n\u00eb dispozicion t\u00eb historian\u00ebve shqiptar\u00eb deri pas viteve 1960. \u00cbsht\u00eb gjithashtu e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb se Ducellier ishte nj\u00eb nga themeluesit e historis\u00eb s\u00eb Adriatikut, po aq sa dhe historis\u00eb s\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb. Shqip\u00ebria e tij dhe shqiptar\u00ebt jan\u00eb nj\u00eb popull bregdetar, m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb popull mal\u00ebsor, dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb diskutimin e disa \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb formimin dhe nd\u00ebrtimin e identitetit komb\u00ebtar modern. \u00c7\u00ebshtja qendrore me Bizantin pas vitit 1945 p\u00ebr intelektual\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb ishte ajo “greke” n\u00eb nj\u00eb kuptim shum\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, kur roli i trash\u00ebgimis\u00eb ortodokse t\u00eb besimtar\u00ebve kryesisht jugor\u00eb ishte e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t’u trajtuar p\u00ebr Hoxh\u00ebn dhe Partin\u00eb e Pun\u00ebs. Shum\u00eb besimtar\u00eb ortodoks\u00eb kishin luftuar si shqiptar\u00eb patriot\u00eb kund\u00ebr pushtuesve t\u00eb Boshtit dhe disa kishin qen\u00eb heronj dhe heroina partizane. Shum\u00eb familje jugore p\u00ebrfshinin si an\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb familjes q\u00eb ishin praktikues t\u00eb besimit ortodoks dhe gjithashtu an\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb Partis\u00eb s\u00eb Pun\u00ebs. Ata erdh\u00ebn nga pjesa e vetme e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, n\u00eb jug, ku kishte mb\u00ebshtetje aktive dhe t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme popullore p\u00ebr komunizmin, ndryshe sidomos nga katolik\u00ebt t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar n\u00eb qytetin e Shkodr\u00ebs dhe n\u00eb veri-per\u00ebndim t\u00eb vendit. Disa an\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb minoritetit grek ishin b\u00ebr\u00eb edhe komunist\u00eb aktiv\u00eb, si n\u00eb nivel lokal n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e minoritetit n\u00eb jug-per\u00ebndim, nd\u00ebrsa disa edhe n\u00eb organet m\u00eb t\u00eb larta t\u00eb Partis\u00eb s\u00eb Pun\u00ebs. Por vet\u00eb Greqia n\u00ebn qeverin\u00eb e saj monarkiste pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs Civile n\u00eb vitin 1949 ishte nj\u00eb armik kryesor i Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa teknikisht ekzistonte nj\u00eb gjendje lufte midis dy vendeve (dhe vazhdon ende n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e k\u00ebtij shkrimi). Shqip\u00ebria kishte strehuar refugjat\u00ebt grek\u00eb pas disfat\u00ebs s\u00eb Ushtris\u00eb Demokratike n\u00eb vitin 1949, si dhe kishte dh\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb forma t\u00eb ndryshme ndihmash praktike, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb konflikti i Luft\u00ebs Civile ishte n\u00eb zhvillim e sip\u00ebr. Refugjat\u00ebt \u00e7am\u00eb kishin v\u00ebrshuar n\u00eb jug t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb pas vitit 1944 dhe n\u00eb popullat\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgjithshme ata kan\u00eb mbetur n\u00eb kujtes\u00eb si nj\u00eb nga aktet m\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebqija t\u00eb nacionalizmit dhe irredentizmit grek.xi<\/p>\n

Periudhat e tjera prodhuan pak histori t\u00eb dobishme, nga pik\u00ebpamja e enverist\u00ebve, por kjo nuk ndali prodhimin e koncepteve historike, vlera e t\u00eb cilave \u00ebsht\u00eb e dyshimt\u00eb. Mbret\u00ebrit\u00eb feudale (n\u00eb qoft\u00eb se kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fjal\u00eb e dal\u00eb mode) t\u00eb Arb\u00ebrit sigurisht kan\u00eb ekzistuar, por n\u00eb at\u00eb kuptim q\u00eb ata ishin shqiptar\u00eb (ose ‘Mbret\u00ebri’, ose ‘Feudale’) shpesh \u00ebsht\u00eb e paqart\u00eb. Koncepti rrjedh nga statusi kanonik i shkrimeve t\u00eb George Ostrogorskit (dhe shum\u00eb t\u00eb tjera europiano-lindore) n\u00eb historin\u00eb shqiptare t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj periudhe.xii Historian\u00ebt zyrtar\u00eb t\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb Hoxh\u00ebs, Arben Puto dhe Stefanaq Pollo i bazojn\u00eb pik\u00ebpamjet e tyre t\u00eb periudh\u00ebs n\u00eb ato t\u00eb Ostrogorskit dhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb jokritike. N\u00eb periudh\u00ebn osmane historia e elit\u00ebs shqiptare n\u00ebn Perandori, me asimilimin e tyre efektiv dhe p\u00ebrdorimin e gjuh\u00ebs turke, do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se historia e tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e asaj bote osmane, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb trojet shqiptare pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e prodhimit letrar mb\u00ebshtetet jasht\u00ebzakonisht n\u00eb tradit\u00ebn gojore dhe praktike.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu historiografia shqiptare n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn aktuale \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrballur me shum\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb pazgjidhura, ndoshta m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja q\u00ebndron n\u00eb paqart\u00ebsin\u00eb rreth asaj se sa larg historia e shqiptar\u00ebve brenda kufijve t\u00eb shtetit aktual me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e pavarur nga ajo e shqiptar\u00ebve farefisnor\u00eb n\u00eb shtetet fqinje dhe me historin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb t\u00eb shteteve fqinje n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi.xiii Vendet ballkanike jan\u00eb marr\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb gjat\u00eb se qeverit\u00eb komuniste p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur k\u00ebto \u00e7\u00ebshtje komplekse nga sa mund t\u00eb pritej, ashtu si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb harxhuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb se sa mund t\u00eb pritej n\u00eb vitet 1990 p\u00ebr rajonin n\u00eb ecjen drejt demokracive t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme e t\u00eb pavarura.<\/p>\n

(Autori Prof. James Pettifer (Oxford University) n\u00eb suplementin MILOSAO t\u00eb \u2018Gazet\u00ebs shqiptare\u201d<\/em>)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prof. James Pettifer (Oxford University, 27.05.2013 – Historia \u00ebsht\u00eb se si ne e shohim veten n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn. N\u00eb periudh\u00ebn post-komuniste n\u00eb tranzicion n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri dhe gjetiu n\u00eb Ballkan, ajo ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb tem\u00eb e diskutueshme dhe e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme jo m\u00eb pak se sa ajo ishte n\u00ebn komuniz\u00ebm, apo n\u00eb sistemet e m\u00ebparshme politike. Institucionet […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,3],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nSi \u00ebsht\u00eb manipuluar historia e shqiptar\u00ebve nd\u00ebr dekada - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/si-eshte-manipuluar-historia-e-shqiptareve-nder-dekada\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Si \u00ebsht\u00eb manipuluar historia e shqiptar\u00ebve nd\u00ebr dekada - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Prof. James Pettifer (Oxford University, 27.05.2013 – Historia \u00ebsht\u00eb se si ne e shohim veten n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn. N\u00eb periudh\u00ebn post-komuniste n\u00eb tranzicion n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri dhe gjetiu n\u00eb Ballkan, ajo ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb tem\u00eb e diskutueshme dhe e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme jo m\u00eb pak se sa ajo ishte n\u00ebn komuniz\u00ebm, apo n\u00eb sistemet e m\u00ebparshme politike. 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FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/si-eshte-manipuluar-historia-e-shqiptareve-nder-dekada\/","og_locale":"sq_AL","og_type":"article","og_title":"Si \u00ebsht\u00eb manipuluar historia e shqiptar\u00ebve nd\u00ebr dekada - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi","og_description":"Prof. James Pettifer (Oxford University, 27.05.2013 – Historia \u00ebsht\u00eb se si ne e shohim veten n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn. N\u00eb periudh\u00ebn post-komuniste n\u00eb tranzicion n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri dhe gjetiu n\u00eb Ballkan, ajo ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb tem\u00eb e diskutueshme dhe e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme jo m\u00eb pak se sa ajo ishte n\u00ebn komuniz\u00ebm, apo n\u00eb sistemet e m\u00ebparshme politike. Institucionet […]","og_url":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/si-eshte-manipuluar-historia-e-shqiptareve-nder-dekada\/","og_site_name":"FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi","article_published_time":"2013-05-28T21:31:30+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.fjala.info\/2013\/james_pettifer.jpg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"27 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/si-eshte-manipuluar-historia-e-shqiptareve-nder-dekada\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/si-eshte-manipuluar-historia-e-shqiptareve-nder-dekada\/"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/#\/schema\/person\/3aa1163ef05469c496fc94e77611ada2"},"headline":"Si \u00ebsht\u00eb manipuluar historia e shqiptar\u00ebve nd\u00ebr dekada","datePublished":"2013-05-28T21:31:30+00:00","dateModified":"2013-05-28T21:31:30+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/si-eshte-manipuluar-historia-e-shqiptareve-nder-dekada\/"},"wordCount":5484,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/si-eshte-manipuluar-historia-e-shqiptareve-nder-dekada\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/www.fjala.info\/2013\/james_pettifer.jpg","articleSection":["Artikuj","Histori"],"inLanguage":"sq-AL","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/si-eshte-manipuluar-historia-e-shqiptareve-nder-dekada\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/si-eshte-manipuluar-historia-e-shqiptareve-nder-dekada\/","url":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/si-eshte-manipuluar-historia-e-shqiptareve-nder-dekada\/","name":"Si \u00ebsht\u00eb manipuluar historia e shqiptar\u00ebve nd\u00ebr dekada - 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