{"id":12252,"date":"2013-01-01T07:31:21","date_gmt":"2013-01-01T06:31:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=52"},"modified":"2013-01-01T07:31:21","modified_gmt":"2013-01-01T06:31:21","slug":"kur-njerezit-zbuluan-djathin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/kur-njerezit-zbuluan-djathin\/","title":{"rendered":"Kur njer\u00ebzit zbuluan djathin"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\" Historia<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hannah Briggs<\/strong>, BBC<\/em> – 30 Dhjetor 2012<\/em><\/p>\n

Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb pran\u00eb zbulimit t\u00eb origjin\u00ebs s\u00eb prodhimit t\u00eb djathit, pas gjetjes s\u00eb provave t\u00eb reja mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb aktivitet mij\u00ebvje\u00e7ar. Por \u00e7far\u00eb shijeje mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb pasur djathi neolitik? N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb askush nuk e di se kur njer\u00ebzimi filloi p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb prodhoj\u00eb djath\u00eb duke p\u00ebrdorur qum\u00ebsht, megjith\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e kuptueshme se djathi mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb shpikur si nj\u00eb form\u00eb konservimi kalorish p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos lejuar qum\u00ebshtin t\u00eb prishej dhe t\u00eb shkonte d\u00ebm. Por s\u00eb fundmi, 34 en\u00eb me vrima q\u00eb mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr kullimin e qum\u00ebshtit t\u00eb thartuar, me mosh\u00eb mbi 7500-vje\u00e7are, u zbuluan n\u00eb Poloni.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb prov\u00eb e qart\u00eb se prodhimi i djathit n\u00eb Europ\u00eb ka ekzistuar t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn nga koha neolitike dhe zbulimet u publikuan n\u00eb gazet\u00ebn shkencore \u201cNature\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cNe analizuam disa fragmente t\u00eb po\u00e7eve nga rajoni i Kujavias n\u00eb Poloni, t\u00eb cilat kishin vrima t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb ngjashme me en\u00ebt q\u00eb vijojn\u00eb edhe k\u00ebsaj dite t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr prodhimin e qum\u00ebshtit\u201d. thot\u00eb Melanie Salque nga departamenti i kimis\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin e Bristolit. Sipas saj, ka shum\u00eb gjasa q\u00eb k\u00ebto en\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr prodhimin e djathit, pavar\u00ebsisht se mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur edhe si kapak\u00eb p\u00ebr prodhim birre apo p\u00ebr gatime t\u00eb tjera. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, duke analizuar mbetjet n\u00eb fund t\u00eb po\u00e7es, u zbuluan gjurm\u00eb qum\u00ebshti, gj\u00eb q\u00eb v\u00ebrteton hipotez\u00ebn e par\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Por shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt s\u00ebrish shtrojn\u00eb pyetjen se si mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb qen\u00eb shija e nj\u00eb djathi t\u00eb prodhuar n\u00eb en\u00eb t\u00eb tilla. A \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit prehistorik\u00eb kan\u00eb prodhuar djath\u00eb edhe 7500 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb?<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cL\u00ebnda e par\u00eb p\u00ebr prodhimin e djathit \u00ebsht\u00eb qum\u00ebshti dhe vet\u00ebm kafsh\u00ebt e zbutura p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim familjar mund t\u00eb milen. K\u00ebshtu, ka pak gjasa q\u00eb prodhimi i djathit t\u00eb ket\u00eb filluar m\u00eb her\u00ebt se kaq<\/em>\u201d, thot\u00eb Salque.<\/p>\n

Shembuj t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb en\u00ebve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura p\u00ebr rrjedhjen e ujit t\u00eb djathit, jan\u00eb zbuluar n\u00eb Lindjen e Af\u00ebrt dhe kan\u00eb qen\u00eb 8 mij\u00eb vjet t\u00eb vjetra, por nuk ka prova q\u00eb t\u00eb sugjerojn\u00eb se ato qen\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb q\u00ebllim.<\/p>\n

Prova e vetme e shkruar mbi prodhimin e djathit n\u00eb histori vjen nga 5 mij\u00eb vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, pra shum\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb sesa provat e reja t\u00eb zbuluara n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn arkeologjike.<\/p>\n

\u201cPyetja \u00ebsht\u00eb se sa koh\u00eb iu desh njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb zbulojn\u00eb teknologjin\u00eb e transformimit t\u00eb qum\u00ebshtit n\u00eb nj\u00eb produkt t\u00eb fermentuar dhe n\u00eb fund, n\u00eb djath\u00eb. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb zbulohet\u201d, thot\u00eb dr. Peter Bogucki nga Universiteti Princeton.<\/p>\n

\u201cPor ajo q\u00eb mund t\u00eb themi \u00ebsht\u00eb se kjo qe nj\u00eb shpikje e madhe e periudh\u00ebs neolitike, pasi krijoi nj\u00eb produkt t\u00eb magazinuesh\u00ebm nga nj\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00eb shum\u00eb e rrezikuar nga prishja si qum\u00ebshti. Kjo gj\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb ndodhur pak mij\u00ebvje\u00e7ar\u00eb pas zbutjes s\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb kafsh\u00ebve si gjedhi, delet dhe dhit\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n

Popullata n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb e kishte shum\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme nj\u00eb shpikje q\u00eb do t\u2019i lejonte t\u00eb ruanin sasi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha qum\u00ebshti p\u00ebr konsum gjat\u00eb muajve t\u00eb dimrit apo p\u00ebr ta pasur m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb transportin, besojn\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt. Ata besojn\u00eb gjithashtu se njer\u00ebzit n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb nuk kishin toleranc\u00eb ndaj laktoz\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

\u201cP\u00ebrpunimi i qum\u00ebshtit n\u00eb djath\u00eb pak\u00ebson sasin\u00eb e laktoz\u00ebs. Studime gjenetike kan\u00eb treguar se organizmi i njeriut n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb nuk kishte toleranc\u00eb ndaj laktoz\u00ebs\u201d, shpjegon Salque. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, prodhimi i djathit i lejonte ata t\u00eb konsumonin bulmet pa efekte negative sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore. Prodhimi i djathit tregon gjithashtu se njer\u00ebzimi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb se thjesht po vriste kafsh\u00ebt p\u00ebr konsum, por po i mbar\u00ebshtonte ata p\u00ebr qum\u00ebsht. Prodhimi i djathit besohet se qe nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb ekonomike e bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00ebn neolitike, pasi kafsh\u00ebt u zbut\u00ebn p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb Lindjen e Mesme.<\/p>\n

\u201cTi mund t\u00eb marr\u00ebsh qum\u00ebsht, por nuk mund ta magazinosh at\u00eb pra \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shpikje shum\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb vendoset n\u00eb raft vlera ushqimore e qum\u00ebshtit duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb at\u00eb djath\u00eb\u201d, thot\u00eb Andrew Dalby, nj\u00eb historian q\u00eb ka shkruar nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr t\u00eb posa\u00e7\u00ebm p\u00ebr djathin. Zbulimi i djathit mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb qen\u00eb edhe aksident, pasi njer\u00ebzit filluan t\u00eb magazinonin qum\u00ebsht n\u00eb stomak\u00eb kafsh\u00ebsh p\u00ebr transportim.<\/p>\n

\u201cVendosja e krip\u00ebs n\u00eb djath\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb shfaqur bashk\u00eb me vet\u00eb djathin\u2026 ndoshta n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pand\u00ebrgjegjshme p\u00ebr shkak se ti ke nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr renet [nj\u00eb kompleks enzimash] p\u00ebr t\u00eb mpiksur djathin\u201d, thot\u00eb Dalby. P\u00ebr shpikjen e djathit duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb pasur nxitje t\u00eb madhe, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb Azin\u00eb e Af\u00ebrt, ku temperaturat e larta e b\u00ebjn\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr jetes\u00ebn e qum\u00ebshtit.<\/p>\n

Studime mbi kockat e kafsh\u00ebve t\u00eb gjetura n\u00eb vende arkeologjike, tregojn\u00eb se gjedhi ka qen\u00eb kafsha m\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorur q\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00ebt e vjetra. Kjo t\u00eb krijon iden\u00eb se djathi nga qum\u00ebshti i lop\u00ebs mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb shfaqur n\u00eb fillim.<\/p>\n

Sot bota ka me mij\u00ebra lloje t\u00eb ndryshme djathi n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha kontinentet.<\/p>\n

Historia e djathit<\/strong><\/p>\n

Parmixhani e ka origjin\u00ebn n\u00eb shekullin e 13 dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmendur te Dekameroni i Xhovani Boka\u00e7ios ku ai p\u00ebrshkruan \u201cnj\u00eb mal t\u00eb prodhuar nga djathi parmixhan\u201d. Parmixhani u b\u00eb popullor n\u00eb Britani n\u00eb shekullin e gjasht\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb kur Papa Juli i Dyt\u00eb i ofroi Mbretit Henry VIII si dhurat\u00eb nj\u00ebqind rrota me parmixhan.<\/p>\n

Brie qe djathi i monark\u00ebve n\u00eb Franc\u00eb gjat\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 14. Nj\u00eb autor anonim shkroi n\u00eb ditarin e tij se ashp\u00ebrsia e luft\u00ebs mund t\u00eb matet me sasin\u00eb e djathit brie q\u00eb arrinte n\u00eb Paris.<\/p>\n

\u00c7eshairi \u00ebsht\u00eb pothuajse djathi m\u00eb i vjet\u00ebr i Britanis\u00eb, njihet si i prodhuar s\u00eb paku nga shekulli i 12-t\u00eb. Variacionet e djathit nis\u00ebn pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Origjina e bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bujq\u00ebsia shpesh konsiderohet si nj\u00eb nga ndryshimet m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb historin\u00eb njer\u00ebzore, si pika kur njer\u00ebzit filluan t\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb ushqim n\u00eb vend q\u00eb thjesht t\u00eb mblidhnin \u00e7far\u00eb b\u00ebnte natyra e t\u00eb vrisnin kafsh\u00ebt e egra.<\/p>\n

Bujq\u00ebsia mendohet se \u00ebsht\u00eb shfaqur n\u00eb Siri dhe Irak mes viteve 11 mij\u00eb dhe 9 mij\u00eb para Krishtit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Historia Hannah Briggs, BBC – 30 Dhjetor 2012 Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb pran\u00eb zbulimit t\u00eb origjin\u00ebs s\u00eb prodhimit t\u00eb djathit, pas gjetjes s\u00eb provave t\u00eb reja mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb aktivitet mij\u00ebvje\u00e7ar. Por \u00e7far\u00eb shijeje mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb pasur djathi neolitik? N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb askush nuk e di se kur njer\u00ebzimi filloi p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,3],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nKur njer\u00ebzit zbuluan djathin - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/kur-njerezit-zbuluan-djathin\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kur njer\u00ebzit zbuluan djathin - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Historia Hannah Briggs, BBC – 30 Dhjetor 2012 Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb pran\u00eb zbulimit t\u00eb origjin\u00ebs s\u00eb prodhimit t\u00eb djathit, pas gjetjes s\u00eb provave t\u00eb reja mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb aktivitet mij\u00ebvje\u00e7ar. 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Por \u00e7far\u00eb shijeje mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb pasur djathi neolitik? N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb askush nuk e di se kur njer\u00ebzimi filloi p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb […]","og_url":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/kur-njerezit-zbuluan-djathin\/","og_site_name":"FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi","article_published_time":"2013-01-01T06:31:21+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.fjala.info\/2013\/djathe_i_bute.jpg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/kur-njerezit-zbuluan-djathin\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/kur-njerezit-zbuluan-djathin\/"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/#\/schema\/person\/3aa1163ef05469c496fc94e77611ada2"},"headline":"Kur njer\u00ebzit zbuluan djathin","datePublished":"2013-01-01T06:31:21+00:00","dateModified":"2013-01-01T06:31:21+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/kur-njerezit-zbuluan-djathin\/"},"wordCount":1120,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/kur-njerezit-zbuluan-djathin\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/www.fjala.info\/2013\/djathe_i_bute.jpg","articleSection":["Artikuj","Histori"],"inLanguage":"sq-AL","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/kur-njerezit-zbuluan-djathin\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/kur-njerezit-zbuluan-djathin\/","url":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/kur-njerezit-zbuluan-djathin\/","name":"Kur njer\u00ebzit zbuluan djathin - 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