{"id":10123,"date":"2011-08-27T18:15:54","date_gmt":"2011-08-27T17:15:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fjala.shkoder.net\/?p=10123"},"modified":"2011-08-27T18:15:54","modified_gmt":"2011-08-27T17:15:54","slug":"turqi-nga-kemalism-ne-ottomanism-te-ri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/turqi-nga-kemalism-ne-ottomanism-te-ri\/","title":{"rendered":"Turqi: nga Kemalism n\u00eb Ottomanism t\u00eb Ri"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Adri\u00e1n Mac Liman<\/strong>* | Opinion<\/em><\/p>\n

Dy dekada m\u00eb par\u00eb, kur analist\u00ebt politik\u00eb per\u00ebndimore zbuluar shenjat e para t\u00eb ringjallja e ndikimit gjeopolitike t\u00eb Turqis\u00eb n\u00eb Mesdheun lindor dhe rajonin e Kaukazit, ajo dukej e pamundur q\u00eb vendi q\u00eb e madhe e k\u00ebsaj bote n\u00eb dyshim t\u00eb sh\u00ebnoni n\u00eb t\u00eb n\u00ebnt\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb dhe fillim t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb nj\u00ebzet\u00eb, “njeriu i s\u00ebmur\u00eb i Evrop\u00ebs” do edhe nj\u00eb her\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb fuqi rajonale. Zgjim gjigande Osmane p\u00ebrkoi me \u00e7montimin e Bashkimit Sovjetik dhe atomization t\u00eb “kampit socialist”, nj\u00eb grup i Europ\u00ebs Lindore dhe Qendrore n\u00ebn kthetrat hekurt t\u00eb Mosk\u00ebs nga arkitekt\u00ebt e marr\u00ebveshjeve t\u00eb Jalt\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, pas r\u00ebnies s\u00eb Murit t\u00eb Berlinit, fytyr\u00ebn e bot\u00ebs p\u00ebrjetuar nj\u00eb ndryshim rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst, Turqia – aleate besnike e NATO-s t\u00eb vendosura n\u00eb vij\u00ebn e frontit kund\u00ebr Rusis\u00eb ish-“armikun” – filloi t\u00eb zhvillohet nj\u00eb politik\u00eb ambicioze q\u00eb synon kthimin e ndikimin e tyre kulturore n\u00eb ish-republikat sovjetike me popullat\u00ebn Turkmen. Prania osmane e profesionist\u00ebve n\u00eb shtetet e reja Kaukazit duhet kanal krer\u00ebt e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb post-sovjetike drejt modeleve t\u00eb hapur t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb pranimin e parimeve demokratike dhe ekonomin\u00eb e tregut. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb 90, turqit mund t\u00eb pretendojn\u00eb fitoren. Vlerat e p\u00ebrqafuar nga emisar\u00eb t\u00eb tij n\u00eb zon\u00eb duket se kan\u00eb hedhur rr\u00ebnj\u00eb n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb Caucasians.<\/p>\n

Por kjo ishte vet\u00ebm hapi i par\u00eb drejt q\u00ebllimit t\u00eb caktuar nga klasa politike n\u00eb Ankara, ajo humbur lavdin\u00eb e pamohueshme t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Osmane. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, nuk ishte p\u00ebr t’u kthyer n\u00eb epok\u00ebn e sulltan\u00ebve, por p\u00ebr t\u00eb ofruar vendeve t\u00eb rajonit imazhin e nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebrie moderne muslimane, laike, dhe pse jo? per\u00ebndimore. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb “krijimin” e Kemalism perl zgjodhi p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb opsion. Me kalimin e koh\u00ebs, Turqia u b\u00eb nj\u00eb referenc\u00eb p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn e fqinj\u00ebve t\u00eb tij arab\u00eb, n\u00eb nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebbisedues t\u00eb privilegjuar n\u00eb mes t\u00eb autoriteteve n\u00eb Tel Aviv dhe kritikuesit e shtetit hebre n\u00eb aleat strategjik t\u00eb ushtrive \u00e7ifut dhe arabe n\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsi diskrete por efikase n\u00eb ngurrues izraelito-sirian konsultime nd\u00ebrmjet garantuesit (vet\u00ebm duan) denuclearization ende hipotetike e Iranit t\u00eb ajatollah\u00eb. Me pak fjal\u00eb, politikan\u00ebt n\u00eb Ankara deklaroi t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb “marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb” n\u00eb zhvillimin dhe zbatimin e politikave t\u00eb reja rajonale.<\/p>\n

Duhet t\u00eb theksohet se zgjimit t\u00eb Turqis\u00eb dhe shfaqjen e “Ottomanism neo” nj\u00eb term i shpikur koh\u00ebt e fundit nga prerja e partive islamike q\u00eb sundojn\u00eb vendin, nuk ka pranimin e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb fqinj\u00ebt e pushtetit perandorak ish. N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, pavar\u00ebsisht nga vizita e fundit “historike”, Kryeministri turk Rexhep Erdogan Tayyep, Greqia dhe propozimi dramatike p\u00ebr t\u00eb reduktuar buxhetet e mbrojtjes dhe p\u00ebr p\u00ebrkushtimin e burimeve financiare q\u00eb rrjedhin nga \u00e7armatimi p\u00ebr projekte t\u00eb reja dhe ambicioze t\u00eb zhvillimit ekonomik, Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt Hellenic politike nuk duket shum\u00eb gjasa t\u00eb besimit vullneti i mir\u00eb i armikut tradicional t\u00eb qytet\u00ebrimit helen, duke kujtuar “rrezikun” q\u00eb vjen nga sundimi turk n\u00eb rajon. Nj\u00eb rrezik p\u00ebr disa datojn\u00eb q\u00eb nga Beteja e Manzikert (1071), kur osman\u00ebt mori t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb Ballkanit. Trilluar ose t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, shpirt i “armikut osman” kujton grudges vjet\u00ebr, plag\u00eb t\u00eb sh\u00ebrohet dob\u00ebt p\u00ebr dhjet\u00eb shekuj antagonizmi.<\/p>\n

Sipas Karampelias i shkencave politike, Jorgos greke, autoritetet n\u00eb Athin\u00eb kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka n\u00eb fuqin\u00eb e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar hyrjen e Turqis\u00eb n\u00eb Bashkimin Evropian, e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb “pol stabiliteti” n\u00eb Ballkan duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb si nj\u00eb referenc\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb … Greqi. Ekonomisti athinas duket t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb harrojm\u00eb se hyrja e vendit t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb Komunitetin Europian ishte precipituar t\u00eb lajn\u00eb gjurm\u00ebt e nj\u00eb diktature ushtarake t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjakshme. N\u00eb rastin e Turqis\u00eb, qeveria e Erdogan p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb kufizoj\u00eb ndikimin e ushtris\u00eb deri tani t\u00eb gjith\u00eb-fuqish\u00ebm n\u00eb jet\u00ebn politike t\u00eb vendit.<\/p>\n

Me sa duket, lufta midis AKP islamike dhe udh\u00ebheqja e ushtris\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb me ndryshimet kushtetuese t\u00eb miratuara koh\u00ebt e fundit se ushtria nuk do t\u00eb heq dor\u00eb nga roli i saj i gjyqtar\u00ebve n\u00eb jet\u00ebn politike e arbitrave t\u00eb pranis\u00eb (ose largimin) e trupave osmane n\u00eb Qipron veriore.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa “neo-Ottomanism” ka kritik\u00eb n\u00eb rajonin e trazuar Mesdheun lindor, \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu e qart\u00eb se Turqia moderne, fuqia e pamohueshme n\u00eb rritje, ka t\u00eb drejt\u00eb t\u00eb marrin pjes\u00eb aktivisht n\u00eb vendimmarrje n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb zon\u00eb. Ashtu si ai apo jo politikan\u00ebt n\u00eb Uashington apo Bruksel, armiqt\u00eb tradicionale t\u00eb osman\u00ebve …<\/p>\n

* Analist Politika Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare<\/em><\/p>\n

—————————————-<\/p>\n

Turqu\u00eda: del kemalismo al nuevo otomanismo<\/strong>
\nAdri\u00e1n Mac Liman<\/strong>* | Opini\u00f3n<\/em><\/p>\n

Hace dos d\u00e9cadas, cuando los analistas pol\u00edticos occidentales detectaron los primeros s\u00edntomas del resurgimiento de la influencia geopol\u00edtica de Turqu\u00eda en el Mediterr\u00e1neo oriental y la regi\u00f3n del C\u00e1ucaso, parec\u00eda poco probable que el pa\u00eds al que los grandes de este mundo no dudaron el tildar, a finales del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX, de \u201cenfermo de Europa\u201d, iba a convertirse nuevamente en una potencia regional. El despertar del gigante otomano coincidi\u00f3 con el desmantelamiento de la URSS y la atomizaci\u00f3n del llamado \u201ccampo socialista\u201d, agrupaci\u00f3n de Estados de Europa oriental y central europeos sometidos al f\u00e9rreo control de Mosc\u00fa por los art\u00edfices de los acuerdos de Yalta.<\/p>\n

Sin embargo, tras la ca\u00edda del muro de Berl\u00edn, la faz del mundo experiment\u00f3 un cambio radical. En este contexto, Turqu\u00eda \u2013 fiel aliado de la Alianza Atl\u00e1ntica, situado en la primera l\u00ednea de combate contra el entonces \u201cenemigo\u201d ruso \u2013 empez\u00f3 a desarrollar una pol\u00edtica ambiciosa, destinada a recuperar su influencia cultural en las antiguas rep\u00fablicas sovi\u00e9ticas con poblaci\u00f3n turcomana. La presencia de profesionales otomanos en los nuevos Estados del C\u00e1ucaso deb\u00eda encauzar a los gobernantes de la era post- sovi\u00e9tica hacia modelos de sociedad abiertos, basados en la aceptaci\u00f3n de los principios democr\u00e1ticos y de la econom\u00eda de mercado. A finales de los a\u00f1os 90, los turcos pod\u00edan cantar victoria. Los valores defendidos por sus emisarios en la zona parec\u00edan haberse arraigado en las sociedades cauc\u00e1sicas.<\/p>\n

Pero se trataba s\u00f3lo de un primer paso hacia la meta designada por la clase pol\u00edtica de Ankara, que a\u00f1oraba el innegable esplendor del Imperio Otomano. En este caso concreto, no se trataba de volver a la \u00e9poca de los sultanes, sino de ofrecer a los pa\u00edses de la zona la imagen de una sociedad musulmana moderna, laicizada y, \u00bfpor qu\u00e9 no? occidentalizada. El conjunto del \u201cestablishment\u201d emanante del kemalismo apost\u00f3 por esta opci\u00f3n. Con el paso del tiempo, Turqu\u00eda se convirti\u00f3 en un referente para la mayor\u00eda de sus vecinos \u00e1rabes, en un interlocutor privilegiado entre las autoridades de Tel Aviv y los detractores del Estado jud\u00edo, en el aliado estrat\u00e9gico de los ej\u00e9rcitos \u00e1rabes y jud\u00edo, en un discreto aunque eficaz intermediario en las titubeantes consultas entre sirios e israel\u00edes, el garante (poco deseado) de la a\u00fan hipot\u00e9tica desnuclearizaci\u00f3n del Ir\u00e1n de los ayatol\u00e1s. En resumidas cuentas, los pol\u00edticos de Ankara reclamaban el derecho a \u201cparticipar\u201d en la elaboraci\u00f3n y la puesta en pr\u00e1ctica de las nuevas pol\u00edticas regionales.<\/p>\n

Conviene se\u00f1alar que el despertar de Turqu\u00eda y la aparici\u00f3n del llamado \u201cneo otomanismo\u201d, t\u00e9rmino acu\u00f1ado recientemente por los partidos de corte isl\u00e1mico que gobiernan el pa\u00eds, no cuenta con la aceptaci\u00f3n de la totalidad de los vecinos de la antigua potencia imperial. En efecto, pese a la reciente visita \u201chist\u00f3rica\u201d del Primer Ministro turco, Recep Tayyep Erdogan, a Grecia y a la espectacular propuesta de reducir los presupuestos de defensa y dedicar los recursos financieros derivados del desarme a nuevos y ambiciosos proyectos de desarrollo econ\u00f3mico, los polit\u00f3logos helenos no parecen muy propensos a confiar en la buena voluntad del tradicional enemigo de la civilizaci\u00f3n hel\u00e9nica, recordando el \u201cpeligro\u201d que supone la hegemon\u00eda turca en la regi\u00f3n. Un peligro que para algunos se remonta a la batalla de Manzikert (1071), cuando los otomanos se adue\u00f1aron de gran parte de los Balcanes. Ficticio o real, el fantasma del \u201cenemigo otomano\u201d recuerda viejos rencores, heridas mal curadas por diez siglos de antagonismos.<\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan el polit\u00f3logo griego Giorgos Karampelias, las autoridades de Atenas tienen que hacer todo lo que est\u00e9 en su poder para impedir el ingreso de Turqu\u00eda en la Uni\u00f3n Europea; el verdadero \u201cpolo de estabilidad\u201d balc\u00e1nico ha de tener como referente a\u2026 Grecia. El economista ateniense parece dispuesto a olvidar que el ingreso de su pa\u00eds en la Comunidad Europea se hizo precipitadamente, para borrar las huellas de una sangrienta dictadura militar. En el caso de Turqu\u00eda, el Gobierno Erdogan trata de limitar la influencia del hasta ahora todopoderoso ej\u00e9rcito en la vida pol\u00edtica del pa\u00eds. Cabe suponer que la pugna entre los islamistas del AKP y la c\u00fapula del ej\u00e9rcito no acabar\u00e1n con los cambios constitucionales aprobados recientemente, que los militares no renunciar\u00e1n a su papel de jueces de la vida pol\u00edtica, de \u00e1rbitros de la presencia (o la retirada) de las tropas otomanas en el Norte de Chipre.<\/p>\n

Si bien es cierto que el \u201cneo-otomanismo\u201d cuenta con detractores en la convulsa regi\u00f3n del Mediterr\u00e1neo oriental, tambi\u00e9n es obvio que la Turqu\u00eda moderna, innegable potencia emergente, tiene derecho a participar activamente en la toma de decisiones en la zona. Guste o no a los pol\u00edticos de Washington o de Bruselas, a los enemigos tradicionales de los otomanos\u2026<\/p>\n

*Analista pol\u00edtico internacional<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Adri\u00e1n Mac Liman* | Opinion Dy dekada m\u00eb par\u00eb, kur analist\u00ebt politik\u00eb per\u00ebndimore zbuluar shenjat e para t\u00eb ringjallja e ndikimit gjeopolitike t\u00eb Turqis\u00eb n\u00eb Mesdheun lindor dhe rajonin e Kaukazit, ajo dukej e pamundur q\u00eb vendi q\u00eb e madhe e k\u00ebsaj bote n\u00eb dyshim t\u00eb sh\u00ebnoni n\u00eb t\u00eb n\u00ebnt\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb dhe fillim t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nTurqi: nga Kemalism n\u00eb Ottomanism t\u00eb Ri - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/turqi-nga-kemalism-ne-ottomanism-te-ri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Turqi: nga Kemalism n\u00eb Ottomanism t\u00eb Ri - 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