{"id":10001,"date":"2011-08-19T13:46:19","date_gmt":"2011-08-19T12:46:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fjala.shkoder.net\/?p=10001"},"modified":"2011-08-19T13:46:19","modified_gmt":"2011-08-19T12:46:19","slug":"kater-jo-te-e-politikes-ekonomike","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/kater-jo-te-e-politikes-ekonomike\/","title":{"rendered":"Kat\u00ebr \u201cjo\u201d-t\u00eb e politik\u00ebs ekonomike"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"REXHEP MEIDANI<\/strong>, 19.08.2011<\/em><\/p>\n

Dy orientime ekonomike jo t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta<\/strong><\/p>\n

Q\u00eb n\u00eb vitet e para t\u00eb administrat\u00ebs \u201cKlinton\u201d u zhvillua nj\u00eb debat intensiv mbi rrug\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbjes ekonomike. N\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet tij u arrit n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se reduktimi i deficitit buxhetor duhej t\u00eb konsiderohej si nj\u00eb stimul i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr ekonomin\u00eb amerikane t\u00eb koh\u00ebs. Ndryshe nga stafi politik i Presidentit, q\u00eb ishte n\u00eb favor t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb shpenzimeve dhe p\u00ebr ulje e reduktim taksash, stafi ekonomik i tij mb\u00ebshteste t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt\u00ebn: reduktimin e deficitit buxhetor dhe borxhit publik.<\/p>\n

Fitoi koncepti i stafit ekonomik, natyrisht edhe me mb\u00ebshtetjen e demokrat\u00ebve t\u00eb moderuar n\u00eb Kongres. K\u00ebshtu, strategjia ekonomike amerikane gjat\u00eb administrat\u00ebs \u201cKlinton\u201d kishte 3 kolona baz\u00eb: (1) rivendosjen e disiplin\u00ebs fiskale, eliminimin e deficitit buxhetor, mbajtjen e normave t\u00eb interesit t\u00eb ul\u00ebta e nxitjen e investimeve n\u00eb sektorin privat; (2) investimin e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb te njer\u00ebzit n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet edukimit, trajnimit, kualifikimit e k\u00ebrkimit shkencor; (3) hapjen e m\u00ebtejshme ndaj tregjeve t\u00eb huaja. Rezultati i saj ishte t\u00ebr\u00ebsor: deficiti buxhetor i m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm u z\u00ebvend\u00ebsua me \u201csurplus\u201d, u krijuan mbi 22 milion\u00eb vende t\u00eb reja pune, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebshtu papun\u00ebsin\u00eb, por dhe inflacionin baz\u00eb, m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebtin n\u00eb dekadat e fundit.<\/p>\n

Amerika p\u00ebrjetoi, k\u00ebshtu, nj\u00eb ekspansion ekonomik nd\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00ebt n\u00eb histori.
\nPo ashtu, n\u00eb administrat\u00ebn \u201cObama\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb debatuar, q\u00eb n\u00eb fillim, mbi strategjin\u00eb ekonomike p\u00ebr daljen nga kriza. Edhe q\u00ebndrimi i stafeve politike e ekonomike nuk ka qen\u00eb i nj\u00ebjt\u00eb, ve\u00e7se i kund\u00ebrt n\u00eb shenj\u00eb me at\u00eb t\u00eb administrat\u00ebs \u201cKlinton\u201d. Konkretisht, stafi politik i Presidentit ka qen\u00eb p\u00ebr reduktim t\u00eb deficit, duke pasqyruar, n\u00eb nj\u00ebfar\u00eb m\u00ebnyre, pak\u00ebnaq\u00ebsin\u00eb publike mbi rritjen e k\u00ebtij deficiti dhe t\u00eb borxhit publik.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, stafi ekonomik, i mb\u00ebshtetur dhe nga Obama, ka argumentuar t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt\u00ebn. Pra, qeveria duhet t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb investimet n\u00eb sektorin publik, t\u00eb stimuloj\u00eb m\u00eb tej ekonomin\u00eb, t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzoj\u00eb incentiva t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur nj\u00eb recension tjet\u00ebr. Dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb k\u00ebrkohen para t\u00eb tjera, q\u00eb e b\u00ebn t\u00eb domosdoshme rritjen e tavanit t\u00eb lejuar t\u00eb borxhit publik. Ai u arrit para pak dit\u00ebsh, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nj\u00eb kompromisi jo t\u00eb plot\u00eb dhe t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb midis republikan\u00ebve dhe demokrat\u00ebve. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, me kusht\u00ebzime serioze!\u2026<\/p>\n

Kat\u00ebr \u201cjo\u201d-t\u00eb e tavanit t\u00eb borxhit<\/strong><\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 thekson ish-kryeministri britanik, Gordon Braun, n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb vendimit t\u00eb marr\u00eb n\u00eb Uashington p\u00ebr tavanin e borxhit u p\u00ebrcaktuan si t\u00eb panegociueshme, pra dhe t\u00eb pakap\u00ebrcyeshme, kat\u00ebr shtylla t\u00eb politik\u00ebs ekonomike, apo kat\u00ebr \u201cJo\u201d thelb\u00ebsore. Pik\u00ebrisht ato jan\u00eb: \u201cjo m\u00eb taksa, jo m\u00eb stimuj, jo m\u00eb investime publike dhe jo m\u00eb shkurtime apo rritje shpenzimesh\u201d (G. Brown, Global crisis calls for G-20 growth pact, \u201cThe Washington Post\u201d, august 10).<\/p>\n

Ve\u00e7se, me k\u00ebto politika t\u00eb detyruara, apo n\u00ebn trysnin\u00eb e k\u00ebtyre kufizimeve t\u00eb imponuara politikisht, ka shum\u00eb mund\u00ebsi q\u00eb, sipas tij, t\u00eb bllokohet rritja e lidhur ngusht\u00eb me shpenzimet konsumatore e investimet publike; shtuar k\u00ebtu dhe gjasat e dob\u00ebta t\u00eb investimeve private n\u00eb nj\u00eb treg t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm me prirje p\u00ebr stanjacion. Bile, p\u00ebr Braunin, Amerika, n\u00eb vitet q\u00eb vijn\u00eb, mund t\u00eb futet n\u00eb nj\u00eb cik\u00ebl me rritje t\u00eb ul\u00ebt ekonomike. Me sa duket, nj\u00eb proces ekonomik me pasoja t\u00eb ngjashme mund t\u00eb zhvillohet edhe n\u00eb Europ\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e par\u00eb, menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas shp\u00ebrthimit galopant t\u00eb kriz\u00ebs globale, jan\u00eb trajtuar edhe dy rrug\u00ebt p\u00ebr kap\u00ebrcimin e saj. K\u00ebshtu, nj\u00ebra kishte t\u00eb b\u00ebnte me \u00e7montimin apo prishjen n\u00eb origjin\u00eb t\u00eb skem\u00ebs ekonomike \u2013 financiare q\u00eb provokoi kriz\u00ebn, kurse mund\u00ebsia tjet\u00ebr kishte t\u00eb b\u00ebnte thjesht me disiplinimin e tregjeve t\u00eb sotme, me ruajtje e ngritje \u00e7mimesh, mallrash e sh\u00ebrbimesh, duke tejkaluar problemet e likuiditeteve apo shtet\u00ebzim-privatizimet, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet rikapitalizimit shtet\u00ebror, nd\u00ebrhyrjeve qeveritare dhe bankave t\u00eb fuqishme.<\/p>\n

E th\u00ebn\u00eb ndryshe, nj\u00ebra mund\u00ebsi \u00ebsht\u00eb ngritja e nj\u00eb teorie dhe praktike t\u00eb re, bazuar mbi falimentin e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb sistemit ekonomik (pra dhe rivendosja p\u00ebr nga posht\u00eb e nj\u00eb sistemi t\u00eb ri pagesash dhe \u00e7mimesh, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb dhe ato t\u00eb \u201creal estate\u201d), kurse mund\u00ebsia tjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb po tenton t\u00eb konservoj\u00eb sistemin politik-ekonomik, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet rregullimeve teknike \u2013 disiplinore, procedurale e kontrolluese, krahas rritjes s\u00eb vazhdueshme t\u00eb \u00e7mimeve. Pik\u00ebrisht u zgjodh rruga e dyt\u00eb me konservim t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb sistemit ekonomik-financiar. Ajo, si\u00e7 dhe mund t\u00eb pritej, ende po e mban t\u00eb varur pezull vet\u00eb procesin e kap\u00ebrcimit t\u00eb kriz\u00ebs\u2026<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, sipas Braunit, ka nj\u00eb \u201clitar shp\u00ebtimi\u201d. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb q\u00ebllim, t\u00eb dyja kontinentet duhet \u201ct\u00eb eksportojn\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur te rritja ekonomike. Por, n\u00ebse kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb politika e SHBA-ve, Gjermanis\u00eb, Britanis\u00eb dhe tanim\u00eb edhe e Eurozon\u00ebs, ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb e deklaruar si e till\u00eb edhe prej Kin\u00ebs, Indis\u00eb, Brazilit apo pjes\u00ebs tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb bot\u00ebs. Nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm eksporti q\u00eb funksionon n\u00ebnkupton se disa shteteve do t\u2019u duhet t\u00eb importojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se sa eksportojn\u00eb. Ve\u00e7se, pa nj\u00eb plan t\u00eb madh t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt strategjia \u201ceksporto ose vdis\u201d ngjan me nj\u00eb loj\u00eb me shum\u00eb zero (zero-sum game)\u201d.<\/p>\n

Por, si t\u00eb zgjidhet ky \u201chall\u201d eksportesh n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb shqiptare kur deficiti tregtar shqiptar \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i madh, madje raporti import-eksport \u00ebsht\u00eb pothuajse 5 me 1 (n\u00eb pes\u00eb nj\u00ebsi import kemi nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi eksport)?!\u2026<\/p>\n

Po \u201cjo\u201d-t\u00eb n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb shqiptare?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb konsensus e kompromis politik k\u00ebrkohet edhe n\u00eb situat\u00ebn ekonomike shqiptare. Aq m\u00eb tep\u00ebr q\u00eb aty ndjehet nj\u00eb ngopje n\u00eb rritje me \u201cmasa mbrojt\u00ebse\u201d. Bile, ka shum\u00eb mund\u00ebsi q\u00eb, n\u00eb rrjedhje t\u00eb koh\u00ebs, t\u00eb b\u00ebhet problematike \u00e7do ngritje e m\u00ebtejshme e tavanit t\u00eb borxhit publik. Po ashtu, mund t\u00eb rezultoj\u00eb me nj\u00eb efekt negativ t\u00eb menj\u00ebhersh\u00ebm rritja e m\u00ebtejshme e taksave apo rritja e shpenzimeve. Mund t\u00eb mos ken\u00eb m\u00eb efekt stimuj t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm p\u00ebr rritjen e prodhimit dhe konsumit; bile nuk mund t\u00eb vazhdohet si m\u00eb par\u00eb me \u201cteknologjin\u00eb\u201d e investimeve publike, apo at\u00eb t\u00eb shkurtimeve buxhetore t\u00eb nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebshme (q\u00eb mund t\u00eb prekin r\u00ebnd\u00eb fusha t\u00eb tilla si sh\u00ebndeti, edukimi, mbrojtja e mjedisit etj.).<\/p>\n

Bile, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuptim, Shqip\u00ebria me borxhin e saj, sidomos me deficitin buxhetor, e ka mjaft t\u00eb kufizuar hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e vet fiskale p\u00ebr t\u00eb shtuar apo realizuar shpenzime t\u00eb programuara n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e sh\u00ebndetit, mjedisit, edukimit etj.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fakt, vendet e Ballkanit, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb dhe Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb, si shum\u00eb vende me t\u00eb ardhura relativisht t\u00eb ul\u00ebta, fillimisht nuk u prek\u00ebn n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme nga kriza financiare. Kjo edhe n\u00eb saj\u00eb t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb dob\u00ebt t\u00eb integrimit t\u00eb tyre me tregjet financiare nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. Por, me kalimin e koh\u00ebs, sidomos me rr\u00ebnimin ekonomik tep\u00ebr t\u00eb rreziksh\u00ebm t\u00eb Greqis\u00eb, kjo kriz\u00eb i shtriu kthetrat e saj edhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rajon. Dhe nuk mund t\u00eb ndodhte ndryshe! N\u00eb kushte globalizimi, \u00e7do vend, n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb apo tjetr\u00ebn, rezulton i integruar me pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet lidhjeve tregtare, eksportit e importit, investimeve t\u00eb huaja t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejta, remitancave etj., n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, me shfaqjen e recensionit n\u00eb mjaft vende t\u00eb zhvilluara, kriza filloi t\u00eb prek\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb horizontale dhe ekonomi modeste si ato t\u00eb rajonit.<\/p>\n

Kurse n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, goditjet q\u00eb ka marr\u00eb, sidomos dy vitet e fundit, monedha komb\u00ebtare e ka p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsuar situat\u00ebn e borxhit, sidomos me reduktimin e t\u00eb ardhurave nga eksportet apo, n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, t\u00eb ardhurave tatimore. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, nj\u00eb gj\u00eb e till\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndikoj\u00eb apo t\u00eb nxis\u00eb deri largimin e investitor\u00ebve nga tregu i brendsh\u00ebm i letrave me vler\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu mund t\u00eb \u201cthahen\u201d edhe rrug\u00ebt e financimit t\u00eb buxhetit, pik\u00ebrisht kur kjo k\u00ebrkohet e nevojitet m\u00eb shum\u00eb se kurr\u00eb\u2026<\/p>\n

N\u00eb situat\u00ebn ekonomike aktuale t\u00eb brendshme dhe t\u00eb jashtme, euforia qeveritare shqiptare b\u00ebhet realisht e pakuptimt\u00eb. Aq m\u00eb tep\u00ebr n\u00eb kushtet e nj\u00eb vendi t\u00eb ndodhur n\u00eb mes t\u00eb Europ\u00ebs nuk ka se si t\u00eb mos pasqyrohet p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsimi ekonomik i vendeve m\u00eb t\u00eb industrializuara t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb dhe i ekonomis\u00eb amerikane n\u00eb vet\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb shqiptare. K\u00ebtu duhet shtuar dhe ndikimi n\u00eb rritje i kriz\u00ebs greke, i shoq\u00ebruar me turbullimet ende t\u00eb paqarta n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb italiane. Problemi b\u00ebhet akoma m\u00eb kompleks nisur nga p\u00ebrmasa e emigracionit shqiptar n\u00eb t\u00eb dy k\u00ebto vende, nga niveli i shk\u00ebmbimeve, nga shkalla e dep\u00ebrtimit ekonomik etj.<\/p>\n

Rritja e v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsive ekonomike n\u00eb Greqi dhe Itali, r\u00ebnia e shkall\u00ebs s\u00eb pun\u00ebsimit, shkurtimet e ndryshme n\u00eb pag\u00eb apo n\u00eb cil\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe sasin\u00eb e sh\u00ebrbimeve sociale etj., mund t\u00eb shoq\u00ebrohet me goditje t\u00eb reja ndaj k\u00ebtij emigracioni, deri me humbje vendesh pune n\u00eb vendet prit\u00ebse, apo me r\u00ebnie apo reduktim t\u00eb konsumit n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri. Kjo po ndjehet aktualisht deri dhe n\u00eb sektorin e nd\u00ebrtimit.<\/p>\n

Par\u00eb me k\u00ebt\u00eb sy, edhe premtimet e tjera p\u00ebr gjoja investime apo rritje page duhen par\u00eb me kujdes n\u00eb kontekstin e k\u00ebsaj situate, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos provokuar as rritje t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme t\u00eb deficitit buxhetor, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet marrjes s\u00eb kredive t\u00eb tjera akoma m\u00eb t\u00eb kushtueshme, apo dhe provokimit t\u00eb ndonj\u00eb ngacmimi t\u00eb pakontrolluesh\u00ebm t\u00eb spirales s\u00eb inflacionit, nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, apo reduktimit t\u00eb m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm t\u00eb konsumit, nga ana tjet\u00ebr\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

REXHEP MEIDANI, 19.08.2011 Dy orientime ekonomike jo t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta Q\u00eb n\u00eb vitet e para t\u00eb administrat\u00ebs \u201cKlinton\u201d u zhvillua nj\u00eb debat intensiv mbi rrug\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbjes ekonomike. N\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet tij u arrit n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se reduktimi i deficitit buxhetor duhej t\u00eb konsiderohej si nj\u00eb stimul i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr ekonomin\u00eb amerikane t\u00eb koh\u00ebs. Ndryshe […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-10001","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-artikuj"},"yoast_head":"\nKat\u00ebr \u201cjo\u201d-t\u00eb e politik\u00ebs ekonomike - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fjala.info\/2009-2015\/kater-jo-te-e-politikes-ekonomike\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kat\u00ebr \u201cjo\u201d-t\u00eb e politik\u00ebs ekonomike - FjALA e LIR\u00cb - Arkivi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"REXHEP MEIDANI, 19.08.2011 Dy orientime ekonomike jo t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta Q\u00eb n\u00eb vitet e para t\u00eb administrat\u00ebs \u201cKlinton\u201d u zhvillua nj\u00eb debat intensiv mbi rrug\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbjes ekonomike. N\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet tij u arrit n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se reduktimi i deficitit buxhetor duhej t\u00eb konsiderohej si nj\u00eb stimul i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr ekonomin\u00eb amerikane t\u00eb koh\u00ebs. 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